• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.279-304
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• 2010

한국의 농촌개발정책은 지난 50년에 걸쳐서 많은 변화를 겪어왔다. 농촌개발정책은 국내외의 정책 환경인자와 관련성을 맺는 가운데, 농업 농촌이 처한 시대별 과제를 해결해나가는 과정의 결과라고 여겨진다. 농촌개발정책은 1960년 이후 현재까지의 기간 동안에 4단계의 시기별, 정책구성요소별로 의미 있는 변화가 일어나고 있다. 2000년을 전후하여 국가발전을 위한 행정이념이 효율성에서 형평성으로 전환됨에 따라 농촌개발정책은 전반적이고 근본적인 변화에 직면하고 있다. 농촌지역은 국가발전을 위한 새로운 가치와 자원을 가지고 있는 공간으로 재인식되고 있다. 농촌은 곧 마을이라는 으로 변화되고, 농촌의 소도읍이 새로운 농촌지역의 삶의 미시적인 관점에서 접근되던 정책이 인근의 도시와 연계를 맺는 방향 공간으로 접근되고 있다. 농촌개발정책은 농업을 중심으로 하는 정책에서 비농업부문의 개발을 중시하는 방향으로, 지역농업과 공간정책을 통합하여 개발하는 방향으로 나아가고 있다. 이 과정에서 농촌개발과 관련이 있는 중앙정부 부처의 수가 증가하는 가운데, 지방정부와 지역주민의 역할이 강조되면서, 수직적 수평적인 분권화와 협치 체제의 구축이 중요해지고 있다. 또한 지역의 고유성과 지역단위사업의 연계성에 대한 강조는 자연히 지역단위 계획제도의 정착과 이를 현실적으로 뒷받침할 수 있는 예산제도의 변화를 가져오고 있다.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.40 no.4 s.109
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• pp.387-401
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• 2005

This research reviews how tourism geography studies in Anglo-American tradition have evolved since 1930s. The purposes of the research are two fold. One is to analyze the change of tourism geographies research trends in terms of research approach and major research themes. The other is to bring out the lessons from the research results for the development of Korean tourism geographies research. For these purposes, the selected papers and texts have been analyzed according to four research approaches: (1) empiricist approach, (2) positivist approach, (3) humanist approach, and (4) critical social theory approach. The major research themes are the explanation of destination through descriptive research in empiricist approach, spatial analysis and evolutionary research in positivist approach, tourist behaviour and place identity in humanist approach, and tourism and consumption in critical social theory approach. It is expected that the development of Anglo-American tourism geographies study will continue in the future because of the growth of tourism industry, the close relation of tourism and geography in nature, and the active contribution of tourism geographers.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.527-540
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• 1997

이 글에서는 해외지역연구에 있어 세계와와 관련한 여건 변화, 지리하계의 동향, 그리고 21세기의 새로운 지역연구에 지리학의 역할이 어떠하여야 할 것인가를 살피고자 한다. 해외지역연구는 2차대전 이후 미국을 중심으로 발달하였다. 냉전기에 세계적 우위를 유지하고 국익을 보호하기 위하여 외국 현지어 구사 능력을 포함한 해외 정보 수요가 늘어 지역연구의 발달을 보게 된 것이다. 이러한 배경 때문에 지역연구는 개성기술적(ideographic)성격을 띠게 되었다. 요즘에는, 지역연구가 주로 초국적기업, 국제 경영대학원 등을 중심으로 이루어 지고 있다. 새 지역연구는 해외시장정보 수집 등 경제적 동기로 이루어지고 있어, 경제적으로 편향되는 취약점이 있다. 세계화는 요즘 하계의 화두(話頭)로, 세계 경제와 사회에 일고 있는 이 변화를 바로 이해하는 것은 향후 지역연구의 방향을 정립하는데 매우 중요하다. 세계화는 세계 어디서나 똑같이 일어나는 동질적인 현상이 아니라, 매우 다양하고 여러 의미가 담긴 현상이다. 마치 동전에 양면이 있듯이, 세계화는 수렴과 분화를 동시에 일으키고 있는 것이다. 따라서, 국경을 개방하고 장애를 없애 하나의 동질적인 세계시장환경을 지향하는 신자유경제 논리에 바탕한 지역연구는 설득력이 약하다. 지리학이 지역연구에 기여하기 위해서는 다음과 같은 노력이 계속되어야 한다. 첫째, 해외지역을 이해하려면 공간(space)과 장소(place)연구가 필수적이라는 점을 인식하고, 둘째, 인간과 환경의 상호작용 관점에서 지리적 차이를 파악하려는 노력이 필요하다. 셋째, 지리학은 이론정립 노력을 계속해야 하며, 넷째, 그 이론들은 해외지역의 현장답사와 정보수집을 통하여 검증되어야 한다. 지리학은 일찍부터 도시, 농촌 등 미시적 수준의 연구를 수행해왔기 때문에 경험적 연구에 강하다. 다섯째, 정부와 기업 등 조직에 대한 지리학적 연구가 이루어져야 할 것이다. 경제활동 분포에 대한 조직의 역할, 소유권에 대한 정부의 규제, 생산 조직의 환경 영향 등의 연구가 그 예이다. 여섯째, 지리학의 발달을 위하여 국가, 국제적 학술 기구를 활용하는 전략이 필요하다. 국제지리학연합(IGU)에서 개발한 지리교육과정, 미국National Research Council에서 세계지리에 밝지 못한 국민을 대상으로 펴낸 지리서 등이 그 사례이다. 지역연구는 사회과학 이론과 문화연구가 서로 접목되도록 새롭게 방향이 설정되어야 하며, 지리학의 인간-환경 연구 전통이 여기에 기여할 수 있을 것이다. 그러나 지리학의 역할이 효율적이기 위해서는 지리학 자체의 담론을 다시 확립해야 한다. 지리학계에서 지난 20여년간 추구해왔듯이 일반적 법칙을 지향(nomothetic)하는 접근법을 활용해야 하며, 여타 사회과학 및 환경과학과도 긴밀한 관련을 유지할 필요가 있는 것이다.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.802-821
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• 2003

This paper aims to illuminate how the Naturalists' concern on geography and geography education, mainly in Comenius, Rousseau, Pestalozzi who have played key roles in the development of Naturalism, has developed and how the Naturalism has influenced on the development of geography and geography education. Starting from sensual realism, the Naturalism suggested the educational principle and methods adjusting to the Nature well as exercised great influence on the formation of modem school education toward popular common education. The geography took the firm position as subject in the curriculum of the Naturalists and achieved the rationale of existence as subject in curriculum with utility to expand human experience, thanks to Naturalists. The Naturalists developed several ideas on geography teaching method such as labouring activity-centered geography teaching based on strengthening sense and experience by 'look-and-see' approach, local geography-centered geography teaching with stress the local area as the focus of direct experience and living environment, and the real thing-centered geography teaching by fieldwork. Moreover, The Naturalists had an great effect on the geographer, Karl Ritter in terms of methodology of geography.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.665-691
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• 2011

The implementation of an place-based rural policy requires changes in the intra-governmental relations and between the public and private sectors and civil society. Over the past decades, Japan has been increasingly devolving and decentralizing public responsibilities and resources to sub-national government levels. There is assumption that such transfers produce more efficiency in terms of public management and create better conditions for economic development. At the same time, these transfer respond to new expectations of citizens and civil society to participate more closely in the democratic decision-making process. Coordination is also needed at the local level to integrate sectoral approaches, to involve private partners and to achieve the appropriate geographic scale. Local public and private actors join a partnership and pool knowledge and resources. This type of local partnership is characterized by the participation of different actors, including municipalities, sub-regional government institution and development agencies. The participation of private actors(private firms, cooperatives, associations, non-profit organizations, farm organizations, other categories organizations, etc,) is also important.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.379-388
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• 2018

This study aims to analyze the causes of conflict between street performing subjects and identify methods to induce their collaboration in promoting a creative city. This study proposes preventive mechanisms after identifying potential problems in performances on the streets of Jeju, which aims to become "the island of culture and art". To this aim, the type and relationship between the subjects of conflict, characters of conflict, solutions, extent and role of tolerance, responses of the subjects, and type of conflict management employed were examined and analyzed. We employed an in-depth interview method involving cases of conflict occurring during street performances in Jeju. were categorized into 6 types. First is conflict resulting from the lack of facilities. Second is conflict caused by non-designated performance venues. Third is conflict due to exclusive ambiance. Fourth is conflict resulting from direct engagement by neighboring residents. Fifth is conflict between residents and police during performances. Sixth is conflict by lack of definite relationship with relevant institutes. To systematically resolve these conflicts, we propose the following management methods: (1) behavioral approach of pretraining through a registration system; (2) establishment of busking zones and allocation after registration; (3) training of facilitators to manage street performances and extended roles; (4) establishment of standards for street performances through the systematic approach of ordinance; (5) training to secure tolerance of residents; and (6) simplification of deliberation process by building a collaborative system among institutes.

• Bulletin of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.57-63
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• 1995

극지개발을 위해서는 극지의 혹독한 자연환경을 대상으로 하는 과학지식과 극지에서 사용되는 특수시설과 장비를 설계, 시공 그리고 운용하는 공학기술이 요구된다. 극지관련 공학기술은 저 온용재료 관련기술, 도로나 교량, 건축물과 같은 극한지 천연자원의 시추와 생산, 수송을 위한 해양구조물과 파이프라인 관련기술, 그리고 얼음의 재료특성에 관한 이론 및 실험으로 크게 구 분할 수 있다. (Table 1). 극지용 구조물과 빙해항행선박 (쇄빙선) 은 일반 해역에서 운용되는 구조물에 비해 형상, 구조강도, 의장, 저온특수설비 등에서 새로운 개념의 기술이 요구되기 때 문에 금후 국내 조선해양산업계가 지향해야 할 고도의 기술집약형 건조물이다. 또한 최근 들어 국내에서도 시베리아 천연자원의 해상운송을 위해 빙해역을 운항할 수 있는 유조선이나 일반 화물선을 확보해야할 필요성이 대두되고 있으며, 또한 국내 조선업계의 생산기술이 비약적으로 발전함에 따라 외국으로부터의 빙해항행선박의 수주도 이루어지고 있으나 아직 이들 선박의 설계를 위한 독자적인 기술은 미흡한 현실이다. 극지개발은 이론적 접근과 함께 실험에 의한 신뢰성 있는 자료를 축적해야 한다. 이를 위해서는 빙해수조(,ice model basin)의 건조나 빙역학 실험을 위한 냉동실험실 (cold room)의 건립을 위한 초기투자가 절실히 요구되며 산업계의 수 요에 따른 포괄적인 산학협동연구가 진행되어야 할 필요가 있다. 빙해수조와 냉동실험실은 빙 해역에 직접 접하지 않은 국가에서 극지공학 연구에 참여하기 위한 필수적인 시설인데 table 2에 대표적인 빙해수조의 설치장소와 규모에 대하여 정리하였다. 이 글은 우리 나라가 쉽게 접할 수 없는 극지환경을 이해하고 가까운 장래에 예상되는 수주경쟁에 대비하여, 국내외의 극지개발 동향을 분석하고 이에 대한 국내의 극지관련 연구의 현황과 앞으로의 전망을 살펴보기 위하여 준비된 것이다. 이 글에서는 극지공학 일반보다는 조선해양분야에 관련된 내용만으로 국한한다.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.17
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• pp.163-173
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• 2009

The reactivation for Art & Culture Content Space in Gangwon province need new turning point according to new approach with internal and external change. That should be established in sustainable possibility model with preexisted natural advantage instead of economical depression and global warming of in these days. That is not a choice to get a successful construction of art & culture content space in Gangwon province. Throughout of reactivation of art & culture content space in Gangwon province, this proposal should go on with diversity of culture and concrete art & culture educational program absolutely to get a goal in regional economical success and social good influence. Already Yeongwol region had lots of art & cultural spaces and developmental strategy compared with other regions in decade. In these points, I choose this region and would like to research Yeongwol region in limit. Thus I would examine and study about art & culture content space in Yeongwol region. And I will concretely suggest that this proposal is composed with economical creating employment and incoming. The reactivation for Art &Culture Content Space in Yeongwol will build up social and cultural influences to this region to get a new modern cultural images and improvement of common life of regional people by and large. In the way of the process to globalization, this reactivation project for Art &Culture Content Space in Yeongwol should go on the base of regional culture background as a mean of glocalization paradigm strategically. Ahead of developing model for globalization in macroscopic view point, we have to research the demend of reginal situation of cultural content and build up its own strength points. Because Art & Culture Content Space in Yeongwol is the place of people in Yeongwol directly as itself. And managing plans of reactivation of art & culture content space in Yeongwol should build up with diversity of culture and environmental circumstances.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.107-118
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• 2016

The Seoul metropolitan government announced an open design competition for reconfiguring the annex building of the National Tax Service Building site on Sejong-daero as a space for citizens to commemorate the 70th anniversary of Korea's liberation. The site, built during the Japanese colonial period, has been in use ever since. This study, as one of the entries for the competition, described the strategy and design contents by drawing the concept and main points of the design through an analysis of the historical context of the site. As the guidelines instructed to consider the value of the Sejong-daero area and the cultural heritage through a comprehensive analysis, this study specified the site as a place connecting the past, present and future. Since the foundation of the Joseon dynasty, the Korean Empire and the Japanese colonial period, Sejong-daero has been a main site for important events and activities along with the change of the city structure. Jungdong, to the rear of the site, was a place for adopting new culture during the beginnings of modern Korea, while adjacent places like Duksugung, the Anglican church, and the Seoul City Council building have also been historic urban landscapes of the historical layers of time as the city has changed. When Gojong announced the Korean Empire, the city structure was remodeled with this site as the center along with Sogong-ro, Wongudan and so forth. In this study, public interest stated in the guidelines was focused and the relevance of the road and the plaza was considered from the view of an historic urban landscape by a comprehensive analysis with Sejong-daero as the center. The restoration of public interest was to be drawn as the concept of the object site by considering the current status and the change around the site and Jungdong at the rear. Returning the site to the public is ambiguous with the relevance of the restoration of public interest and as the symbol of the idea of the Korean Empire by Gojong's announcement. The object site, having the characteristic of being returned to the public, must ensure public interest and therefore the design strategy has been established with the keywords of openness, connection and void. As a result of a review of the alternatives, a plan for a square has an 8% slope, just as the original site does, and provides ramps for convenient access for all, including the disabled and the elderly, and is connected to the grounds adjacent. No construction is allowed at the terrace square of the Anglican church level and the main square connected to the pedestrian street, so a variety of modern city utilization can be done. The value of the site at which this design is aimed shall be given back to the public with the concepts of modern democracy, independence, and the vision of Gojong by reinterpreting the space from a modern viewpoint. This study focused on the processes of establishing a main concept and strategy rather than the content of the design details, and the suggestion is meaningful in that the design for the object site with historic backgrounds and the layers of time can continue to be grown.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.78-97
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• 2016

The objectives of this study are to examine the context of the establishment of Suhoe Gugok, Byeokgye Gugok Vally, and Nosan Palkyung, which have been established in Seojong-myeon of Yangpyeong-gun, by literature review and site investigations, and to determine the sceneries of Byeokgye scenic site as enjoyed and managed during the period of Hwaseo Lee, Hang-ro(華西 李恒老). The results of the study are as follows. First, Byeokgye Gugok Vally(黃蘗九曲) and Nosan Palkyung(蘆山八景), which have been established after the period of Hwaseo and theorized to have been established around key scenic areas associated with Hwaseo's activities, the analysis results showed that they were collecting sceneries of modern times. The extensive overlap between Byeokgye Gugok Vally and concentrated scenic elements of Suhoe Gugok(水回九曲), and the artificial configuration from the end point of Suhoe Gugok to the beginning point of Nosan Palkyung, reveal the pattern of space conflict and hegemony between Byeokgyes of Suip-ri and Nomun-ri. This is likely to be caused by the conflict between the historicity of the group that enjoyed Byeokgye prior to Hwaso's period and the strong territoriality of the space filled with the image of Hwaseo. Second, Byeokgye Gugok Vally was the secondary spatial system created by selecting the most scenic sites in Suip-ri while expanding the area of Nosan Palkyung. After establishment of Byeokgye Gugok Vally, the spatial identity of the entire Byeokgyecheon area was effectively established. This was a "Hwaseo-oriented" move, including the complete exclusion of the scenic sites from the pre-Hwaseo period such as Cheongseo Gujang and Suhoe Gugok's Letters Carved on the Rock. Consequently, the entire Byeokgyecheon area was reorganized into a cultural scenic site with Heoseo's influence. Third, Fifth, creations of Gugok(九曲) to determine the lineage of the Hwaseo School from Juja(朱子) to Yulgok(栗谷) to Uam(尤庵) to Hwaseo is likely to be an opportunity of birth and external motivation of the establishment of new Gugok Palkyung. In other words, Nosan Palkyung and Byeokgye Gugok Vally are likely to have been created as a reaction to the change of the center of the Hwaseo School to Okgyedong, and with strategic orientation based on the motivation and needs such as creation of the connecting space between Mui Gugok, Gosan Gugok, and Okgye Gugok, and the elevation of Hwaseo's status. Fourth, from the Hwaseo's Li-centric point of view, all revered sites in Beokwon(蘗園) that he managed existed as the spatial creative work to experience the existence of "li" through the objects in the landscape and the boundary of the spirit of emptiness of the aesthetic self. This clearly shows how Byeokgye Gugok Vally or Nosan Palkyung must be defined, and furthermore, appreciated and approached, prior to discussing it as the space associated with Hwaseo. Fifth, Nosan Palkyung was composed of cultural scenic landscapes of Gokjungkyung(曲中景) with eight scenic sites where Hwaseo gave his teachings and spend time around, in the Byeokgye of Nomun-ri area of Byeokgye Gugok Vally. The sceneries is, however, collected by depending on Hwaseo's Letters Carved on the Rock and poetry. Consequently, an inner exuberance of Nosan Palkyung is satisfied beside Byeokgye Gugok Vally, but its conceptual adequacy leaves room for questions.