• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.84-90
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• 2006

Purpose: The macroscopic findings of tumors are not always identical with the microscopic findings. This study investigated the oncologic implications of macroscopic serosal invasion in advanced gastric cancer to find out how to improve the accuracy for the depth of invasion assessed by the surgeon during an operation. Materials and Methods: The medical records of 789 patients with advanced gastric cancer who underwent a gastrectomy at Kyungpook National University Hospital between 1995 and 1999 were reviewed. The prognoses and the recurrence patterns were analyzed according to macroscopic serosal invasion and microscopic serosal invasion, and the clinico-pathological factors of cT3/ss cancers were compared with those of cT3/se cancers. Results: Difference of survival rates according to macroscopic serosal invasion and microscopic serosal invasion revealed statistically significant. Recurrence rates were similar in patients with macroscopic and microscopic serosal invasion (42.2% and 41.4%, respectively). Peritoneal recurrence rates were also similar (19.8% and 21.9%, respectively). The sensitivity and the specificity of macroscopic assessment of serosal invasion were 70.3% and 77.8%, respectively, On univariate and multivariate analyses, Borrmann type I/II cancers and the absence of distant metastases revealed the risk factors for overestimating of serosal invasion. Conclusion: Macroscopic serosal invasion assessed by a surgeon intraoperatively can be used to give a prognosis and to predict the recurrence pattern precisely, although there is a risk for overestimation when the tumor is a Borrmann type I/II cancer or the tumor has no distant metastases. (J Korean Gastric Cancer Assoc 2006;6:84-90)

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.257-262
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• 2004

Purpose: We reported our preliminary result in 2001. At that time, the follow-up period was too short to evaluate the survival benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy in gastric cancer without serosal invasion. Therefore, we followed those patients for 66 months to determine the long-term effects of adjuvant chemotherapy. Materials and Methods: We analyzed the recurrence pattern, the survival rate, and the disease-specific survival of 135 patients by reviewing their medical records and calling the patients or their relatives. All enrolled patients were included in the intention-to-treat analysis of efficacy. Results: The follow-up rate was $89.6\%$ (121/135), and the median follow-up duration was 66 months. Among the 135 patients, 4 relapsed in group 1 (5-FU+cisplatin), 7 in group 2 (mitomycin C+oral 5-FU), and 6 in group 3 (oral 5-FU only). The overall survival rate was $89\%$ in group 1, $84\%$ in group 2, and $82\%$ in group 3. There were no differences in the overall survival rates and the disease-specific survival rates among the three groups. Conclusion: Oral chemotherapeutic agents have an acceptable effect for adjuvant chemotherapy compared with intravenous agent. However, a large-scale, prospective, randomized study, including a control group, is needed for an exact evaluation.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.89-94
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• 2004

Purpose: There is no established treatment-related prognostic factor for gastric cancer except a curative tumor resection. This study was done to clarify the prognostic value of early postoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy (EPIC) in patients with serosa-positive gastric cancer. Materials and Methods: We analyzed retrospectively the postoperative survival data of 209 patients with serosapositive gastric cancer treated by surgery and chemotherapy. The survival period for patients was calculated from the date of resection until cancer-related death or the last date of follow-up; Kaplan-Meier survival curves were plotted and compared by using the log-rank test. A multivariate analysis was done by using the Cox proportional hazards model. Results: Statistically significant differences in survival rates were noted based on gender, depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, stage, location of tumor, macroscopic type, extent of gastric resection, curability of surgery, and adjuvant chemotherapy. Five-year survival rates of patients who received EPIC and systemic chemotherapy were 49 per cent and 25 per cent, respectively (P=0.009). A multivariate analysis revealed that invasion of an adjacent organ, lymph node metastasis, total gastrectomy, and palliative surgery were poor independent prognostic factors. Also, EPIC had a marginal prognostic value (P=0.056). Conclusion: Perioperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy can possibly be one of the independent prognostic indicators in case of serosa-positive gastric cancer. (J Korean Gastric Cancer Assoc 2004;4:89-94)

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.77-82
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• 2001

Purpose: The most important prognostic factors in gastric cancer are depth of invasion and lymph node metastasis. Therefore, the prognosis for serosa and lymph node negative gastric cancer is favorable. However, there is no general agreement on the prognostic factors in this subset of patients. This study was undertaken to evaluate the prognostic significances of venous invasion (VI), lymphatic invasion (LI), and perineural invasion (NI) in T1 and T2 gastric cancer without lymph node involvement. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 206 patients with T1 and T2, lymph node negative gastric cancer who underwent a curative resection from 1989 to 1993 at Kangnam St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, Korea. The Chi-square test was used to determine the statistical significance of differences, and the Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate survival rates. Significant differences in the survival rates were assessed using the log-rank test, and the Cox regression method was used to evaluate independent prognostic significance. Results: The rate of VI, LI and NI correlated well with the depth of tumor invasion. The rates of VI (+) for T1 vs T2 was $0\%\;vs\;5.1\%$, of LI (+) was $5.6\%\;vs\;26.8\%$, and of NI (+) was $1.6\%\;vs\;26.8\%$ in NI (+). There were 13 recurrent cases, 10 cases out of the 13 were T2 gastric cancers, and the recurrence rate was higher in LI (+) and NI (+) cases than in LI (-) and NI (-) cases. The 5-year survival rates were $93.4\%$ in LI (-) cases, $77.4\%$ in LI (+) cases, $92.5\%$ in NI (-) cases, $74\%$ in NI(+) cases, $95.9\%$ in LI (-) NI (-) cases, and $73.9\%$ in LI (+) NI (+) cases. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that simultaneous LI and NI was the only significant factor influencing the prognosis. Conclusion: These results suggest that simultaneous lymphatic and perineural invasion may be an independent prognostic factor in patients with T1 and T2 gastric cancer without lymph node metastasis.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.47-51
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• 2005

Eosinophilic gastroenteritis is a rare clinicopathologic entity of unknown etiology with a variety of digestive symptoms. The pathogenesis is poorly understood. Diagnostic criteria include demonstration of eosinophilic infiltration of the affected bowel wall, lack of evidence of extraintestinal disease, and exclusion of various disorders that could mimic similar conditions. The disease might involve any area of the gastrointestinal tract from the esophagus to the rectum, but the stomach and the proximal small bowel are most commonly affected. The clinical features depend on which layer and site are involved. We report the case of a 59-year-old male patient with a 3-week history of post-prandial vomiting with malnutrition and weight loss. An abdominopelvic CT showed a gastric outlet obstruction with diffuse wall thickening, as with linitis plastica. Three gastrofiberscopic biopsies showed chronic gastritis. We carried out a radical total gastrectomy with D2 lymph node dissection. The pathologic report revealed a mural type eosinophilic gastritis with a marked hypertrophic scar formation at the proper muscle layer. We report this case with a brief review of the literature. (J Korean Gastric Cancer Assoc 2005;5:47-51)

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.125-131
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• 2006

Purpose: Free cancer cells exfoliated from cancer-invaded serosa contribute to peritoneal dissemination, the most frequent pattern of recurrence in patients with gastric cancer. To detect free cancer cells, CEA and CA19-9 were introduced as the markers of gastric cancer, and many methods, such as cytology, immunoassay, and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), exist for detecting them. The aim of this study is to define the clinical significance of using immunoassay to measure the levels of CEA and CA19-9 in the peritoneal washings in patients with gastric cancer. Materials and Methods: The peritoneal washing fluids were obtained from 130 patients with gastric cancer who received a curative gastrectomy, palliative gastrectomy or open and closure. The pCEA and pCA19-9 levels were measured by using immunoassay and cytology. The results were compared with the clinicopathological data. Results: The pCEA and pCA19-9 levels were correlated with tumor invasion, lymph-node metastasis, and stage (P<0.05). Conclusion: A correlation was found between elevated pCEA and pCA19-9 levels measured by immunoassay and the TNM stage. Therefore, a combined pCEA and pCA19-9 assay could be a sensitive detector of peritoneal dissemination, as well as a predictor of postoperative prognosis. pCEA and pCA19-9 may also determine the adjuvant management strategy.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.58-74
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• 1983

요꼬가와흡충을 수감염시켰을 태의 탕병증을 관찰하고자 은어로부터 분리한 피예유충을 모두 20마리의 개를 복용하여 인공감염 실험을 실시하였다. 이들 개를 대조군, 감염군, 재감염군으로 나눈 다음 18마리의 개에 10,000개씩 피설유충을 일차감염시켜 그중 5마리는 5일, 1주, 4주 및 6주에 도살하였으며 9주후에 다시 5,000개의 피예유충을 먹인 재감락수의 개 13마리는 1일, 3일, 5일, 1주, 2주, 4주, 6주 및 8주에 각각 도살하였다. 일차감염군과 재감염군에 있어서 충체회수률과 분포를 관찰하였다. 또한 이들 사병변의 소견을 호오적, 광학현미경 및 주사현미경적으로 관찰하였다. 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 충체회수률은 일차감염군에서 19.8%∼37.8%로 평균 충체회수률은 28.9%이었다. 한편 재감염상의 1일, 3일 및 5일에서의 미성숙 충체회수률은 6.3%∼16.3%로 평균 충체회수률은 12.9%이었으며, 성숙 충체회수률은 21.4%∼26.2%로 평균 충체회수률은 23.6%로 나타나 미성숙충체와 성숙충체 회수률의 비는 1 : 1.83이었다. 충체의 기생부위는 일차감염군에서 십이지장, 공장 및 회장상부에 한정되었으나 재감염군에서는 회장하부까지 연장되었다. 2. 상한적 병리소견으로 장관의 확장, 가로주름의 소실, 개수상의 장내용물, 장막림프절 및 Peyer씨 림프조직의 고대가 일차감영군의 5일 및 1주에 나타났으나 4주후에는 거의 소실되었다. 재감염군에서도 이들 소견이 초기에 나타났으나 일차감염군과 비교하면 그 소견이 농징하였으며 2주후에는 소실되었다. 3. 현징경적 병리소견으로 초기의 병변은 소정막에 국한되었으며 선와상피의 비후를 동반한 융모위축과 기질와 변화, 염증세계침윤 및 부종형성이 관찰되었다. 한편 재감염군에 있어서 정막 특히 섬모의 변화는 일차감염군과 비교할 때 그 소견이 경미하였다. 4. 주사현미경적으로 일차감염군에 있어서 섬모위축이 재확인되었으며 융모사이에서 충체를 발견할 수 있었다. 6주후에는 섬모가 거의 정상상태로 회복되었다. 그러나 재감량변에서 융모변화는 그 정도가 심하지 않았다. 이상의 결과에서 소위 자가치유 또는 자연치유 현상은 개의 요꼬가와흡충의 일차감염군과 재감염군에서 나타나지 않았다. 장병변의 경시적 관찰을 통하여 숙주면역은 요점막 회복에 관여하는 것 같았으며 특히 미성숙충체의 Lieberkiihn씨 선준 침입이 융모의 병적 변화에 일차적 원인일 것으로 추측하였다.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.1 no.4
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• pp.221-227
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• 2001

Purpose: We have carried out prospective randomized clinical trial to compare survival benefit and side effect among three postoperative adjuvant chemotherapeutic regimens in serosa-negative gastric cancer patients. Materials and Methods: Total 317 cases were recognized as serosa negative and randomized into three groups at operating room. Out of them, 172 cases were excluded because of various reasons and 135 cases were analyzed finally; Group A 36 cases, Group B 49 cases, Group C 50 cases. Group A were treated with intravenous FP combination therapy, group B with MF combination therapy and group C with oral $UFT^{(R)}$ (mixture of Tegafur and Uracil) for one year. The median follow-up period was 30 months. Results: $88.9\%$ of Group A, $83.7\%$ of Group B and $90.4\%$ of Group C received adequate chemotherapy. The complication rates of Group A ($44.4\%$) was significantly higher than group B ($20.4\%$) and group C ($24.0\%$)(P<0.05). Most frequent complications were nausea and vomiting. The 3-year survival rates and disease-free survival rates were $92.2\%$ and $89.9\%$ respectively (Group A: $96.6\%,\;87.8\%$, B: $90.3\%,\;87.7\%$, C: $95.7\%,\;93.8\%$). There were no significant differences in survival rate and disease-free survival rate among the three groups (P>0.05). Conclusion: This study might suggest that the survival benefit of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy for gastric Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and therefore it may be a useful adjunct tool for detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in combination with other conventional techniques.

• Journal of Digestive Cancer Reports
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.71-75
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• 2020

Esophageal cancer is easy to infiltrate and metastasize because esophagus does not have serosa, and is difficult to remove it because esophagus is in the middle of the chest. Because of this, treatments of esophageal cancer do not always follow the guideline. In this situation, efforts to increase treatment efficiency and improve survival rate through multidisciplinary treatment are increasing. In this case, we report the patient with three superficial esophageal cancers (one in cervical esophagus and two in thoracic esophagus). The patient was treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy instead of surgery through multidisciplinary discussion. The patient reached a complete remission through this discussion. This case is intended to inform the usefulness of multidisciplinary treatment in patients with esophageal cancer.