• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.9-18
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• 2011

The spalling phenomenon occurs in high-strength concrete when several factors such as sharp temperature increase, high water content, low water/cement ratio and local stress concentration in material combine in the concrete material. On the basis of the factors, the preventing methods from the spalling are known as reduction of temperature increase, preventing of concrete fragmentation and fast drying of internal moisture. In this study, the reduction of temperature increase was proposed as the most effective spalling-preventing method among the spalling-preventing methods. Engineered cementitious composite for fireproof and repair materials was developed in order to protect the new and existing RC structures form exterior deterioration factors such as fire, cloride ion, etc. This study was carried out to estimate the fire-resisting performance of high strength concrete slab or tunnel lining by repaired engineered cementitious composite (ECC) or fiber reinforcement cemetitious composite (FRCC) under fire temperature curve. and them we will descrike the result of HIDA tunnel in Japan.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.30 no.2D
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• pp.127-134
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• 2010

Tunnel sections on the highway are different from rest of sections on the highway in terms of velocity, the number of passing cars, and vehicle density which, in particular, affect drivers' behavior before and after drivers pass through the tunnel. However, literature review reveals that former studies are too focused on quantitative indicator to consider qualitative aspects. Therefore, this paper conducts survey questionnaire and IPA (Importance Performance Analysis) to find out qualitative improvements on velocity drop on the tunnel sections. The results show as follows: First, drivers require improvements of tunnel form (length and curved form inside tunnel) which is derived from long distance tunnel. Second, experts primarily ask for amendment of geometric characteristics. With comparison of requirements of both drivers and experts, there are many differences in length of tunnel and form of curved tunnel. This also presents that drivers don't satisfy with both length of tunnel and form of curved tunnel that are provided as a part of highway design factors.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.1157-1163
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to reveal the effects of the number of users and their spatial distribution on the evacuation time in a road tunnel in the event of a fire. An agent-based evacuation model was implemented using Netlogo following the ODD protocol. The proposed model illustrates how the evacuation behavior of one can hinder others across different evacuation environments. Simulations show that evacuation time increases with the number of users when they are randomly located in a road tunnel.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.293-304
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• 2022

Recently, the frequency of installation of ventilation towers is increasing due to the planning and construction of underground roads and long tunnel. In this study, implications and points for improvement were considered through investigation and analysis of the installation standards related to ventilation towers in tunnels and analysis of ventilation tower installation cases in domestic and overseas tunnel case study. As a result of this study, when selecting the location and height of the ventilation tower, it is recommended to determine the final ventilation tower type through a consultation process with residents, considering the environmental impact caused by the emission of pollutants, the harmonious arrangement with the surrounding landscape, and the efficient use of the above-ground site nearby ventilation tower. In addition, from the design stage, it is judged that a detailed review of reducing the height of the ventilation tower through air quality simulation is necessary for natural harmony with the surrounding topography and to prevent civil complaints.

• The Magazine of the Society of Air-Conditioning and Refrigerating Engineers of Korea
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.476-483
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• 1999

사회기반시설의 확충을 통한 물류비용 절감을 위해 최근 국내 고속도로 및 국도, 도시교통망의 신.증설이 가속화되고 있는데 특히 1965년 2개 노선 75km로 시작하여 1998년 말 현재 20개 노선 1996.3km인 고속도로는 앞으로 3년 후인 2002년까지 2,800km, 2004년 3,700km의 도로망을 갖추게 되는 눈부신 발전을 이루게 된다. 이와 더불어 국내 터널 시공기술의 향상과 환경피해 최소화 노력에 따라 긴 터널이 급속히 증가하고 있는데, 현재 운영중인 1,000m 이상의 고속도로 터널이 3개소에 불과한데 비해 2003년 개통을 목표로 하고 있는 1,000m 이상 터널은 44개소에 이르고 있다.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.415-428
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• 2015

With increase of the extension of long tunnels and urban tunnelling, demands on the new tunnelling technologies are raised. Currently, drilling and blasting tunnel construction method is mostly used, however, because of sever blast vibration for some occasions, complaints from local residents and rock damages are inevitable. Accordingly, TBM tunnelling is more efficient and effective for such conditions. Nevertheless, tunnel construction costs of TBM cannot compete that of the drill and blasting method in Korea. To overcome such limitations, various TBM equipments and construction technologies are required. In addition, continuous revision of the design standard and specification are required. In this study, a detailed explanation regarding the revised version of TBM section in the tunnel standard specification at 2015 is shown.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Rock Mechanics Conference
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.249-260
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• 2008

Although the accident rate is lower than the road tunnel, fire in railway tunnel can bring large damage of human life. In the high speed railway tunnel, the possibility of the railway-disaster (fire) is growing in consideration of the speedy railway and the tunnel length. For that reason, MLTM (Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs) published "Rules about the Safety Standard of Railroad (2005.10.27)" and "The Detailed Safety Standard of Railroad (2006.9.22)". According to those, QRA(Quantitative Risk Analysis) technique is recommended to be applied to railway tunnel design which is longer than 1km for assuring the safety function and estimating the risk. However, it is difficult to perform the disaster prevention design due to lack of the detailed standards about event scenario, fire intensity, incidence rate of accidents etc. Therefore, This paper introduces the case of tunnel design for disaster prevention of the Honam high speed railway including the detailed standards of QRA and reasonable safety facilities.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.151-158
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• 2011

Tunnel sections on the expressway are different from rest of sections on the expressway in terms of velocity, the number of passing cars, and vehicle density which, in particular, affect drivers' behavior before and after drivers pass through the tunnel. However, literature review reveals that former studies are too focused on quantitative indicator to consider qualitative aspects. Thus, this study tried to find out qualitative factors affecting speed reduction in tunnel sections based on questionnaire surveys and its analysis in tunnel sections selected by taking consideration of diverse conditions. Analysis showed that factors concerning tunnel configuration (lane width, shoulder width, and tunnel length) related to very long tunnels increasingly popular recently had some effects on reduced speed inside of tunnels. It appeared that visual environment such as visibility of tunnel entrance had an impact in speed reduction and vehicle speed tended to change according to lighting illumination level inside of tunnels. It is expected that continual investment would be made in technological development related to expressway tunnel design and service improvement based on this study.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Rock Mechanics Conference
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• 1996.03a
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• pp.43-54
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• 1996

장대 터널, 지하철, 양수발전소, 유류 비축기지, 핵폐기물 지하처분장 및 농축산물 지하 저장소 등 지하공간개발의 구상 및 그 건설이 활발한 가운데, 그 관련기술에 대한 관심이 고조되고 있다. 특히 지하공간개발을 위한 사전 설계단계 및 시공에 있어 국내ㆍ외적으로 현지암반 초기응력 측정은 중요한 요소로 대두되고 있다. (중략)

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.95-108
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• 2022

The increase in the use time of tunnel users due to the lengthening of the road tunnel may increase the evacuation time in case of fire, resulting in a large number of casualties. In order to reduce the casualties caused by fire, the "Road Tunnel Design Manual, Part 6 Tunnel" and "Road Tunnel Disaster Prevention Facility Installation and Management Guidelines" stipulate that ventilation facilities should be installed along with the extension of the tunnel. The ventilation system design factor considers the wind speed of the external natural wind to be at least 2.5 m/s, and it is applied upward according to the characteristics of the tunnel. As a result of analyzing the five-minute average wind speed data in the Daegwallyeong region for the past 6 years, it was analyzed that 15.8% of the windy days were winds of 10 m/s or more, and the maximum was 20 m/s. Therefore, in this study, when a fire occurs in a tunnel, the pattern of natural wind flowing into the tunnel and the backlayering distance of the tunnel fire smoke according to the maximum wind speed were analyzed. As a result, it was analyzed that a backflow of up to 490 m occurs when a gust of 20 m/s blows.