• Journal of Korean Society of Disaster and Security
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.147-156
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• 2023

Because the behavior of cable bridges is dominated by dynamic response and is relatively complex, short- and long-term field monitoring are often required to evaluate the bridge condition. If a permanent SHMS (Structural Health Monitoring System) is not installed, a portable monitoring system is needed for the checking of bridge condition. In this case, it can be difficult to operate the portable monitoring system due to limited conditions such as power and communication according to the location and type of the bridge. In this study, the portable-based smart structural response monitoring system is developed that can be effectively used for short- and long-term monitoring of cable bridges in Korea and Southeast Asia. The developed system is a multi-channel portable data acquisition and analyzer that can be operated for a long time in the field using its own power supply system, and is included with the automated analysis algorithm for the dynamic characteristics of cable bridges using real-time data. In order to evaluate the field applicability of the developed system, field demonstration was conducted on cable bridges in Korea and Vietnam. Through the demonstration, the reliability and efficiency of field operation of the developed system were confirmed, and additionally, the possibility of application to overseas markets was confirmed in cable bridge monitoring field.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.158-167
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• 2006

The object of this study is to detect of land-cover change in western DMZ and vicinity. This was performed as a basic study to construct a decision support system for the conservation or a sustainable development of the DMZ and Vicinity near future. DMZ is an is 4km wide and 250km long and it's one of the most highly fortified boundaries in the world and also a unique thin green line. Environmentalists want to declare the DMZ as a natural reserve and a biodiversity zone, but nowadays through the strengthening of the inter-Korean economic cooperation, some developers are trying to construct a new-town or an industrial complex inside of the DMZ. This study investigates the current environmental conditions, especially deforestation of the western DMZ adopting remote sensing and GIS techniques. The Land-covers were identified through the linear spectvral mixture analysis(LSMA) which was used to handle the spectral mixture problem of low spatial resolution imagery of Landsat TM and ETM+ imagery. To analyze quantitative and spatial change of vegetation-cover in western DMZ, GIS overlay method was used. In LSMA, to develop high-quality fraction images, three endmembers of green vegetation(GV), soil, water were driven from pure features in the imagery. Through 15 years, from 1987 to 2002, forest of western DMZ and vicinity was devastated and changed to urban, farmland or barren land. Northern part of western DMZ and vicinity was more deforested than that of southern part. ($52.37km^2$ of North Korean forest and $39.04km^2$ of South Korean were change to other land-covers.) In case of North Korean part, forest changed to barren land and farmland and in South Korean part, forest changed to farmland and urban area. Especially, In North Korean part of DMZ and vicinity, $56.15km^2$ of farmland changed to barren land through 15 years, which showed the failure of the 'Darakbat' (terrace filed) project which is one of food increase projects in North Korea.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.10
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• pp.107-112
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• 1968

In order to study the effect of potash on the growth and yields of Soybean at different level of soil fertility and application of fertilizer (nitrogen, phosphate and calcium), $2^3$factorical experiment was carried out by pat culture with variety 'Chang-dan-baec-muc' which is most spreaded variety in Korea. The experiment consisted of five replications in a randomized block experiment with three factors (soil, fertilization and potash). Treatment were at two levels; infertile and fertile soil, none and some of fertilization and potash. Thus, the experiment comprised eight treatment combinations which consisted of all combinations. The results of this experiment are as follows: 1. No effect of each of three factors on flowering date was found. 2. Leaf-yellowing and maturing date was quickened on the fertile soil but no effect of fertilization and potash was found. 3. More premature leaf-yellowing was found on the fertile soil. 4. Deeper leaf colour cuss showed on the fertile soil and in the case of fertilization but no effect of potash was found. 5. Increasing tendency of following character: length and width of leaf, height and dia of stem, number of branches and pods; was most remarkable on the fertile soil. Application of fertilizer showed also remarkable tendency of increasing, while increasing tendency of potash was the least. 6. Same tendency was found with following charactors; weight of total plant. stem and shell, and commercial grains, weight of 100 grain and number of commercial grains. 7. As the results of analysis of variance for weight of commercial grain it, was found the teach of the three factors increased soybean yields significantly (weight of commercial grain) but the effect of potash was less than the other two factors. No significant interaction was found among three factors. 8. Greater effect of potash on increasing soybean yields was found on the fertile soil, and in the case of fertilization.

• The Korean Journal of Financial Management
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.73-111
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• 1997

본 논문은 1980년${\sim}$1995년의 16년동안 한국주식시장에 있어서 주식수익률의 시계열자기상관성을 확인하는 행태적 측면과 투자수익률의 경제성을 파악하는 투자성과측면으로 구분된 단계적 검증을 실시함으로써 시장수익률을 평균적으로 초과할 수 있는 거래전략의 존재 및 그 초과수익률의 크기를 연구하였는바 이 연구에서 발견된 중요한 내용은 다음 다섯가지로 요약된다. 첫째, 한국주식시장에 있어서 거래전략의 개발가능성을 평가하기 위하여 특정시점을 기준으로 투자기간수익률과 분석기간수익률간의 시계열자기상관성을 검증한 행태적 측면의 실증결과에 의하면, 시계열속성을 나타내는 베타계수가 유의적인 양(+) 혹은 음(-)을 나타내기 때문에 특정시점 이전의 주식수익률은 목표투자기간동안에 투자할 대상을 선정하는데 중요한 정보원천이 될 수 있으며, 각 투자기간에 있어서 분석기간이 길어질수록 더욱더 유의적인 음(-)의 베타계수를 나타냄에 따라 계속거래전략보다 반전거래전략의 개발가능성이 높음을 알 수 있었다. 둘째, 주식시장에 전후수익률간의 시계열속성을 활용하여 투자를 하는 경우에 시장수익률을 평균적으로 초과할 수 있는 거래전략이 존재하는지를 파악하기 위하여 Loser포트폴리오와 Winner포트폴리오 초과수익률간의 차이로써 측정된 수익률을 이용한 실증결과에 의하면, 행태적 측면의 결과와 일관되게 분석기간수익률의 정보를 이용하여 투자기간에 투자하는 경우에 시장수익률을 평균적으로 초과하는 거래전략이 존재하고, 또한 Loser와 Winner포트폴리오의 수익률차이값 중 유의적인 음(-)의 값보다는 유의적인 양(+)의 값이 보다 많으므로 반전거래 전략의 활용가능성이 높음을 확인하였다. 셋째, 분석기간에 기초한 투자기간에 대한 투자전략상의 유용성을 최대한 발휘할 수 있는 거래전략과 투자기간을 검증한 Loser포트폴리오와 Winner포트폴리오의 수익률차이의 1개월 평균값에 의하면, 반전거래전략을 지지하는 경우가 계속거래전략의 경우보다 약 5배이상 높은 값을 실현하였고, 반전거래전략 중에서 분석기간 4개월에 대한 투자기간 24개월의 거래전략이 가장 높은 경제적 성과를 실현하였다. 넷째, 투자종목의 선택측면에서 각 거래전략의 실질적 유용성을 확인하기 위하여 Loser포트폴리오와 Winner포트폴리오의 고유한 속성을 검증한 결과에 의하면, 각 투자기간에 있어서 분석기간의 길이가 길어질수록 Winner포트폴리오는 유의적인 양(+)의 값을, Winner포트폴리오는 유의적인 음(-)의 값을 나타내었고, 특히 투자기간보다 분석기간의 기간길이가 긴 (투자기간<분석기간)에 이러한 경향이 더욱 뚜렷했다. 따라서, Loser포트폴리오를 매수보유하는 반전거래전략이 Winner포트폴리오를 매수보유하는 계속거래전략보다 적합한 전략임을 알 수 있었다. 다섯째, Loser포트폴리오와 Winner포트폴리오를 각각 투자대상종목으로써 매수보유한 반전거래전략과 계속거래 전략에 대한 유용성을 비교검증한 Loser포트폴리오와 Winner포트폴리오 각각의 1개월 평균초과수익률에 의하면, 반전거래전략의 Loser포트폴리오가 계속거래전략의 Winner포트폴리오보다 약 5배정도의 높은 1개월 평균초과수익률을 실현하였고, 반전거래전략의 유용성을 충분히 발휘하기 위하여 장단기의 투자기간을 설정할 경우에 6개월에서 36개월로 이동함에 따라 6개월부터 24개월까지는 초과수익률이 상승하지만, 이후로는 감소하므로, 반전거래전략을 활용하는 경우 주식투자기간은 24개월이하의 중단기가 적합함을 발견하였다. 이상의 행태적 측면과 투자성과측면의 실증결과를 통하여 한국주식시장에 있어서 시장수익률을 평균적으로 초과할 수 있는 거래전략은 존재하므로 이러한 전략을 개발 및 활용할 수 있으며, 특히, 한국주식시장에 적합한 거래전략은 반전거래전략이고, 이 전략의 유용성은 투자자가 설정한 투자기간보다 더욱 긴 분석기간의 주식가격정보에 의하여 최대한 발휘될 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.83-90
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• 2004

Processed meals, such as a ground meat and hamburger patty, are required to ensure that no pathogens remain in the final products. However, there was no rapid method available to verify that the recommended end-point cooking temperature(EPT) was reached. Thus, the objective of this study was to rapidly determine EPT of ground pork hams using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(SOS-PAGE), based on the disappearance of sarcoplasmic proteins after cooking. Fresh pork hams were added two levels of salt(0, 2%) and fat(15, 25%) combinations, and stored in refrigerator overnight, and cooked to internal cooking temperatures of $64^{\circ}C$ to $74^{\circ}C$ with $2^{\circ}C$ increments. Cooked pork hams were measured cooking loss(CL, %), protein solubility(PS) and SOS-PAGE. CL(%) was reduced with the addition of 2% salt, as compared to the control, regardless of fat contents. It was also increased with increasing eooking temperature. Protein solubility was affected by the cooking temperature, resulting in reduced PS up to $64^{\circ}C$(P < 0.05), but remained constant higher than $68^{\circ}C$. In SOS-PAGE analysis, protein bands with the molecular weights of 36 and 66 kDa were affected by the addition of salt and fat combinations. regardless of treatments. These protein fractions were decreased gradually with increased cooking temperatures up to $68^{\circ}C$ ${\sim}$ $70^{\circ}C$ and might be good indicators for the determination of EPT in ground pork hams.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.49 no.6
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• pp.477-481
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• 2004

In bean sprout culture water imbibition and benzyladenopurine (BA) treatment are done at the same time. The study was carried out to check the effect of treatment period (3, 5, and 7 hours) on growth of mungbean (cv. Keumseongnogdu, Owoolnogdu, and Zhong Lu 1) sprouts and to analyse its absorption amount on the base of their moisture content. The 3 cultivar seeds were soaked in 50 ppm BA solution immediately before 3 hour aeration and then cultured for 6 days. The sprouts were sorted by 4 categories on the base of hypocotyl length; > 7cm, 4 to 7cm < 4cm, and non-germination, and their morphological characters, fresh and dry weights were measured. The cultivar Zhong Lu 1 had the highest rate in longer than 7cm hypocotyls of the three cultivars but the lowest one in shorter than 4cm. Rates of the above 4 categories in cv. Keumseongnogdu, Owoolnogdu showed no significant difference between the treatment periods while one of longer than 7cm hypocotyls in cv. Zhong Lu1 was decreased with longer treatment period. Lateral roots were less formed with longer treatment period, especially as lengthened from 3 to 5 hours. Hypocotyl and root were also lengthened with longer treatment period and hypocotyl was more thickened in 5 hour treatment period than in the two others. Total fresh and dry weights per sprout showed no significant difference between treatment periods although cv. Zhong Lu1 relatively faster grew than the other cultivars. In the case of shorter than 5hour treatment periods the absorption amount of BA was the greatest in cv. Zhong Lu1 but in 7 hour treatment period it was the greatest in cv. Keumseongnogdu and Zhong Lu 1.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.50-59
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• 1991

Residual period and carry-over effect of some herbicides were determined using a bioassay method in six summer crops(potato, carrot, corn, water melon, soybean, and sesame). The effects were measured at regular time intervals after applying different rates of the herbicides. There were no great differences in residual period and carry-over injury between the soils and kinds of crops used. However, the residual period varied with the herbicides studied and the carry-over injury was dependent upon season and rate of the herbicide application, sampling depth of soil, and kind and seeding date of the test plant. When the residual herbicides were applied, the carry-over injury could be minimized by selecting tolernet crops, delaying seeding of the crops after application of the herbicides, and regulating the cultivation depth. Herbicides which showed no residual effect by the end of the cropping period(100-120 days for summer crops) and no carry-over effect were alachlor, trifluralin, ethalfluralin, metribuzin, and prometryn. When pendimethalin, metolachlor, linuron, methabenzthiazuron, and simazine were applied at the recommended rate or less, there was no carry -over injury at harvesting time. With doubling the recommended rate, however, the carry-over effect was found in sensitive crops. Napropamide applied at the rate of 300 g a.i./10 a brought about carry-over injury for Italian ryegrass and barley at 140 days in summer crops, whereas the injury was not found in Cruciferae (radish, Chinese cabbage). Nitralin applied at the rate of 150-300 g a.i./10a caused the carry-over injury for Italian ryegrass and barley at 140 days in summer crops. However, there was no injury for Cruciferae.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.35 no.12
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• pp.854-861
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• 2002

In this study, we reviewed our early and long-term surgical results of complete atrioventricular septal defect during the last 16 years at our hospital. Materials and Methods: Between April 1986 and March 2002, 73 patients with complete atrioventricular septal defect underwent total correction without preceding palliation. Age at repair ranged from 2 to 85 (median age, 7) months, and weight ranged from 3 to 22 (median weight, 5.9)kg. Follow-up was complete with a mean duration of 69$\pm$51 months. Results: Overall operative mortality was 16.4%(12) with 3 late deaths. One, 5, and 10 year actuarial survival rates were 96.3 %, 94.2 % and 94.2 % respectively Sixteen of 61 (22.2%) operative survivors have undergone reoperation for postoperative mitral regurgitation or left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (LVOTO). Freedom from mitral reoperation at 1, 5, and 10 years were 87.8 %, 72.4 %, and 57.8 % and freedom from LVOTO at 1, 5, and 10 years were 98.2 %, 86.3 %, and 83.2 % respectively. Summary: In this study, we found that our early surgical results improved with quite an acceptable long-term outcome. Close observation of remaining mitral regurgitation was necessary, A precise evaluation of the atrioventricular valve morphology, a meticulous surgical technique, and the adequate postoperative management are mandatory for the excellent results.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.4-8
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• 1976

영양지도원(營養指導員)은 자신(自身)이 알고 있는 기술(技術)을 다른 사람에게 전달(傳達)하여 그 사람으로 하여금 지도원(指導員)이 원하는 방향(方向)으로 행동(行動)을 하도록 해야 한다. 따라서 다른 사람을 지도(指導)하려면은 우선 지도원 자신(指導員自身)의 우수한 자질(資質)"이 필요(必要) 하며 이를 위(爲)하여 기술자(技術者)로서의 연마(硏磨)와 겸(兼)하여 인간(人間)의 지도자(指導者)로서의 수양(修養)을 쌓아야 한다. 그리하여 영양개선(營養改善) 의 선도적(先導的) 점화자(點火者)로 "뒤에서 계속 미는" 지원자(支援者)로서의 역할(役割)을 수행(遂行)하여야 한다. (1) 현직능별(現職能別) 영양지도원(營養指導員)의 범위(範圍)를 보건소(保健所)의 보건지도원(保健指導員), 농촌지도소(農村指導所)의 생활지도요원(生活指導要員), 군면(郡面)의 행정지도요원(行政指導要員), 농협(農協)의 부여지도요원(婦女指導要員), 의료계(醫療界)의 의사(醫師), 간호원(看護員), 조산원(助産員), 학교(學校) 교육기관(敎育機關)의 교사(敎師), 영양사(營養士), 영리회사(營利會社)의 사원(社員) 등을 들 수 있다. (2) 지도대상(指導對象)과 그 장소(場所)는 공장(工場), 학교(學校), 훈련장(訓練場), 병원(病院), 복지시설(福祉施設)과 공동취사(共同炊事) 재해시등(災害時等)의 집단급식장(集團給食場)과 이를 이용(利用)하는 對象者(대상자) 도시(都市) 농촌(農村)의 일반가정(一般家庭)의 주민(住民), 그리고 교실(敎室)에서 학교교과목(學校敎科目)을 통(通)한 학생(學生)의 학습(學習) 새마을운동(運動) 공보시설(公報施設)을 통(通)하여 대중(大衆)에게 "지도(指導)를 지도원(指導員)이" 전개(展開)할 수 있다. (3) 지도방법(指導方法)은 일반적(一般的) 학교교육과정(學校敎育過程)의 교육방법(敎育方法)을 적용(適用)하되 교외교육(校外敎育)이라는 점(點)을 잊어서는 안된다. 현실적(現實的)으로 이론(理論)과 경험(經驗)을 병행활용(倂行活用)하며 영양학(營養學)의 연구결과(硏究結果)가 반드시 또 는 곧 가정생활(家庭生活) 개인생활(個人生活)에 적응(適應)되는 것이 아니며, 행동화(行動化)되지 않는 지식(知識)과 기술(技術)은 무용(無用)하게 되므로 "다고 말 할 수 있다. 따라서 영양개선(營養改善)을 지도(指導)하는 지도원(指導員)은 받아들이는 가정(家庭)이나 개인(個人)의 입장(立場)에서 여러 가지 여건을 파악 최대공약수(最大公約數)의 가능치(可能値)를 알아내서 지도(指導)해야 된다. (4) 영양지도(營養指導)는 기술(技術)이 ,포함(包含)되어 있기 때문에 기술(技術)의 전달과정(傳達過程)을 분석(分析)해야 되고 (5) 지도원(指導員) 자신의 무장(武裝)을 위(爲)하여 자신(自身)의 기술지도(技術指導) 방법(方法), 인간지도자(人間指導者)로서의 능력향상(能力向上)을 독서(讀書), 교육(敎育), 훈련(訓練) 을 통(通)하여 배워 기술자(技術者)로서 인간지도자(人間指導者)로서 전달자(傳達者)로 서의 교양(敎養)을 가져야 한다. (6) 지도원(指導員)의 활동성과(活動成果)는 지도원(指導員) 자신의 열의(熱意)와 받아들이는 사람의 열의(熱意)에 의(依)하여 좌우(左右)된다. 즉(卽) 지도원(指導員)의 열의(熱意)${\times}$피지도자(被指導者)의 열의(熱意)=지도성과(指導成果) $[L{\times}P=f(L{\cdot}P)]$로 나타난다. 결론적(結論的)으로 지도원(指導員)은 영양개선(營養改善)의 전문적(專門的) 각 요소(各要素)를 깊이 알고 이것을 다시 종합(綜合)하고 체계화(體系化)할 줄 알며 직능별(職能別) 각 지도원(各指導員)과의 상호(相互) 협조(協助)로 서로 보완(補完)하고 새마을 운동(運動)과 그 직장(職場) 또는 환경(環境)여건에 결부(結付)되고 현실적(現實的)으로 행동화(行動化)할 수 있는 단계적(的) 장단기계획(長短期計劃)과 평가방법(評價方法)을 숙지(熟知)하여 또 지도방법(指導方法)에 필요(必要)한 교재(敎材)를 충실(充實)히 준비하여 자신(自身)의 실력(實力)을 충분(充分)히 발휘할 수 있도록 하여 자기 열의(熱意)를 다하고" 영양개선(營養改善)의 선도적(先導的) 점화자(點火者)로서 "계속 뒤에서 미는" 지원자(支援者)로서 사명(使命)을 다할 때 그 역할(役割)을 다하는 것이다.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.305-320
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• 2005

Recently 64 species in Korea have been ranked as rare and endangered taxa by the Ministry of Environment using two categories, I and II. The original threat categories produced by the Ministry of Environment were developed to provide a standard for specifying animals and plants in danger of extinction and has been influential sources of information used in species conservation in Korea. However, the criteria by Ministry of Environment were applied to the whole taxa only by regional boundaries, especially in South Korea, rather than international context, and it also lacked an explicit framework that was necessary to ensure repeatability among taxa because of the absence of quantitative criteria to measure the likelihood of extinction. The World Conservation Union (IUCN) has developed quantitative criteria for assessing the conservation status of species. The threatened species categories, the 2000 IUCN Red List, proposed by SSC (Species Survival Commission) of IUCN have become widely recognized internationally. Details of threatened Korean plants, identified by applying the IUCN threat categories and definitions, were listed and analyzed. The number of species identified as threatened was only 34 out of 64 taxa (48.4%), while the rest of taxa were rejected from the original lists. Many of the species (51.6%, 33 taxa) excluded from the original list proposed by Ministry of Environment do not qualify as Critically Endangered, Endangered or Vulnerable because these taxa were widely distributed either in Japan or in China/far eastern Russia and there is no evidence of substantial decline in these countries. An evaluation of taxa in Korea has been carried out only based on subjective views and qualitative data, rather than quantitative scientific data, such as rates of decline, distribution range size, population size, and risk of extinction. Therefore, the national lists undermine the credibility of threatened species lists and invite misuse, which have been raised by other cases, qualitative estimate of risk, political influence, uneven taxonomic or geographical coverage. The increasing emphasis on international responsibilities means that global scale is becoming more significant. The current listings by Environment of Ministry of Korea should be challenged, and the government should seek to facilitate the resolution of disagreements. Especially the list should be flexible enough to handle uncertainty and also incorporates detailed, quantitative data. It is suggested that the highest priorities for the Red List should be given to endemic species in Korea first. After setting up the list of endemic species to Korea, quantitative data on population size and structure, distributional range, rated of decline, and habitat fragmentation should be collected as one of long term projects for the Red list categories. Transparency and accountability are the most important key factors. Also, species assessors are named and data sources referenced are required for the future objective evaluations on Korean plant taxa.