• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Sciences Society Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.331-335
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• 2007

본 연구에서는 장기간의 현장관측 수온, 염분자료를 분석하여 동중국해 북부해역에서 계절별 수온, 염분의 변동 특성을 조사하였다. 표층의 경우 춘계 수온상승에는 공간적인 차이가 있다. 또한 서부해역($125^{\circ}E$ 이서)에서는 32 psu 이하의 저염 분포가 나타나고 제주 남서해역에서 33psu 이하의 저염수가 춘계부터 제주 주변해역으로 확장한다. 하계 표층염분은 $28.0{\sim}32.4$ psu로 연중 최저값은 보이며, 전해역 표층 염분이 33psu 이하로 저염의 양자강 희석수가 하계에 동중국해 북부해역 표층 전체에 영향을 미치고 있다. 추계의 표층수온과 염분은 동고서저형의 수평분포를 나타낸다. 수온 하강은 서부해역인 대륙 연안수역이 동부의 대마난류수역에 비해 크고, 서부해역에서 33psu 이하의 설상형 저염분포가 이시기에 남동쪽으로 관입되는 형태로 나타나 동계의 남북방향의 염분전선과 이어지게 된다. 연직해황의 경우 동계 수온과 염분은 활발한 대륙작용에 의해 전수층에서 균일한 분포를 나타내며, 대륙연안수역에서는 저온, 저염($12^{\circ}C$, 33psu 이하)의 분포를, 대마난류수역에서는 고온, 고염($16^{\circ}C$, 34.4psu 이상)분포의 지역적인 특성으로 구별된다. 춘계에는 수온약층이 형성되며, 저층에는 동계에 형성되어 대륙연안수와 외양수 사이에 고립된 $13^{\circ}C$ 이하의 냉수괴가 분포한다. 염분은 표층 저염화가 시작된다. 하계에는 양자강 유출수의 영향으로 전해역 표층에서는 30psu 이하로 전해역에서 저염화 양상이 나타나며, 표층에서 30m 층까지 매우 강한 염분약층이 형성된다. 추계 수온 엽문은 균일한 연직수온분포가 나타나며, 동부해역에서는 수심 $75{\sim}100m$사이에서 수온, 염분약층이 형성된다. 동중국해의 수괴는 뚜렷한 계절 변동을 보이며, 대마난류수역인 동부해역에서는 수괴 계절변동의 요인으로 계절 수온변동이 지배적이고, 수온변동은 춘계와 하계 사이에 가장 크다. 중앙부와 대륙연안역인 서부해역에서는 수괴 계절변동에 수온외에 염분 변화가 주요한 요인으로 작용하며, 염분은 하계와 추계 사이에 가장 변동이 크게 나타난다. 즉, 동중국해의 수괴변동에는 변동요인에 따른 공간적인 차이가 있으며, 수괴변화 특성으로 동중국해는 수온변화가 수괴변동에 직접요인이 되는 동부 대마난류수역과 염분변화가 수괴변동의 직접요인인 서부의 대륙연안수역으로 구분된다.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.450-458
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• 1991

The thermal structures and their spatio-temporal fluctuations in the upper 200m layer off the southeast coast of Korea are studied using the bimonthly temperature data for 17years(1967-1983) at 37 stations. We analyzed the fluctuations of the temperatures in the surface(0-100m) and in the subsurface(100-200m) layers. The fluctuations of temperatures in the surface water are dominated by the annual variation, whereas the subsurface layer temperatures contain considerable non-seasonal fluctuations. The distributions of water temperature anomalies in the subsurface layer are closely related with those in the surface layer. The predominant periods of temperature fluctuations in the subsurface layer, other than the annual variation, are 14 and 70 months. The period of 14 months coincides with that of the pole tide or Chandler wobble. The cluster analysis shows that our study area can be divided into the cold, the frontal and the warm regions.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.122-130
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• 2014

Seasonal variations and long term linear trends of SST (Sea Surface Temperature) at Yeosu Coast ($127^{\circ}37.73^{\prime}E$, $34^{\circ}37.60^{\prime}N$) in Korea were studied performing the harmonic analysis and the regression analysis of the monthly mean SST data of 46 years (1965-2010) collected by the Fisheries Research and Development Institute in Korea. The mean SST and the amplitude of annual SST variation show $15.6^{\circ}C$ and $9.0^{\circ}C$ respectively. The phase of annual SST variation is $236^{\circ}$. The maximum SST at Yeosu Coast occurs around August 26. Climatic changes in annual mean SST have had significant increasing tendency with increase rate $0.0305^{\circ}C/Year$. The warming trend in recent 30 years (1981-2010) is more pronounced than that in the last 30 years (1966-1995) and the increasing tendency of winter SST dominates that of the annual SST. The time series model that could be used to forecast the SST on a monthly basis was developed applying Box-Jenkins methodology. $ARIMA(1,0,0)(2,1,0)_{12}$ was suggested for forecasting the monthly mean SST at Yeosu Coast in Korea. Mean absolute percentage error to measure the accuracy of forecasted values was 8.3%.

• Proceedings of KOSOMES biannual meeting
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• 2018.06a
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• pp.132-132
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• 2018

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.601-608
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to explore the long-term variability of sea surface temperature (SST) and cluster analysis derived from in-situ data in the coastal oceanographic observation 8 stations (Sokcho, Jumunjin, Donghae, Jukbyeon, Pohang, Janggigab, Ulgi, Gampo) of the East Sea during 1971-2013. As a result of cluster analysis, SST variations in each area could be divided into two groups, which was a group A of Sokcho, Jumunjin, Donghae, and group B of Jukbyeon, Pohang, Janggigab, Ulgi, Gampo. The SST and SST anomalies at Sokcho, Jukbyeon, Pohang and Gampo during 1971-2013 showed the increase-trend with the variations of decadal-scale. Annual SST values also increased remarkably after 1988. The increases of SST for 43 years showed $2.26^{\circ}C$ at Sokcho, $1.99^{\circ}C$ at Jukbyeon, $1.11^{\circ}C$ at Pohang and $0.89^{\circ}C$ at Gampo. In particular, the SST variations of the northern areas were higher than those of southern areas. The seasonal SSTs increased the order of Sokcho-Jukbyeon-Pohang-Gampo in fall and winter and that of Jukbyeon-Sokcho-Pohang-Gampo in spring and summer.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.195-205
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• 2020

Oceanic conditions in walleye pollock habitat in the East Sea have shown decadal fluctuations between warm and cold periods in turn. Specifically, sea surface temperature (SST) has shown a dramatic increase between the late 1980s and the middle 2000s, and abrupt decreasing patterns after the late 2000s. Oceanic conditions in the Dong-han Bay (spawning ground) and middle eastern coastal waters (fishing ground), however, indicated different fluctuation trends in SST, increasing in the Dong-han Bay after the late 1980s, and decreasing after the late 2000s. These fluctuation patterns were especially clear in February and March. Sea surface temperature in the middle eastern coastal waters of Korea soared continuously after the late 1980s, but did not show a distinct decreasing pattern after the late 2000s compared with Dong han Bay, except for February SST values. These long term water temperature changes in both walleye pollock spawning and fishing ground are related to variation in walleye pollock landings. Especially, abrupt changes in spawning ground SST can be one of the factors influencing survival in the early ontogenesis of walleye pollock, including egg and yolk larval stages. During the 1980s, the area of suitable spawning temperature (2-5℃) was wider, and the length of Walleye pollock egg and larval stages greater compared with past and present oceanographic environments. However, such patterns did not correspond with the optimal spawning temperature range and greater length of development of walleye pollock during the late 1980s likely triggering a decline in pollock stock. In conclusion, it has been supposed that the dramatic decrease in walleye pollock landings in the East Sea since the late 1980s was caused by increasing water temperature leading to both early mortality and unsuitable spawning conditions.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.497-512
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• 2017

Temporal and spatial variations in surface water temperature were studied using data from temperature monitoring buoys deployed at 47 stations around Boryeong from 2011-2012 off the west coast of Korea. Temperature fluctuations are predominant at diurnal and semidiurnal periods for all seasons, and their amplitudes are large in spring and summer but small in autumn. The maximum annual change in air temperature takes place on August 2nd and August 22th for water temperature, which means the phase for air temperature precedes water temperature by 20 days. The diurnal period of water temperature fluctuation is predominant around Daecheon and Muchangpo Harbors, with the semidiurnal period around Wonsan Island, and the shallow water constituent period on the estuary around Daecheon River. On the whole, air and water temperatures fluctuate with wind. Spectral analyses of temperature records show significant peaks at the 0.5, 1 and 15 day marks with 7-10 day periods of predominant fluctuations. Cross-correlation analyses for the temperature fluctuation show that the waters around Boryeong can be classified into four areas: a mixed water zone around the southeast side of Wonsan Island, an off-shore area to the west, an off-shore area to the south and a coastal area along the shore from Song Island to Muchangpo Harbor.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.171-176
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• 2016

The distribution shapes of air and water temperatures are basic and essential information, which determine the frequency patterns of their occurrence. It is also very useful to understand the changes in long-term air and water temperatures with respect to climate change. The typical distribution shapes of air and water temperatures cannot be well fitted using widely used/accepted normal distributions because their shapes show multimodal distributions. In this study, Gaussian mixture distributions and kernel distributions are suggested as the more suitable models to fit their distribution shapes. Based on the results, the tail shape exhibits different patterns. The tail is long in higher temperature regions of water temperature distribution and in lower temperature regions of air temperature distribution. These types of shape comparisons can be useful to identify the patterns of long-term air and water temperature changes and the relationship between air and water temperatures. It is nearly impossible to identify change patterns using only mean-temperatures and normal distributions.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.353-360
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• 2010

The result of analysis of the observed temperature data by the Serial Oceanography Investigation of National Fisheries Research and Development Institute (NFRDI) during last 41 years from 1969 to 2008 showed that sea surface temperatures in the East, West and South Sea of Korea were clearly increased. In case of 100m depth, temperature was increased in the South Sea of Korea, but it was decreased in the East Sea. Especially, the temperature around the coastal area in the East Sea was significantly decreased by the spatial distribution of long-term change of temperature on 100m depth. It should lead to the decreasing trend in the long-term change of temperature on 100 m depth in the entire East Sea. The increasing trend was clearly larger in wintertime than in summertime by a factor of about 2 It means that the long-term increasing trend of sea surface temperature in the Korean Waters is usually caused by the distinctive increasing trend in wintertime. As the results of the analysis of air temperature and wind speed on the 6stations around the coastal area in the Korean Waters, air temperature was found to be continuously increased, but wind speed to be gradually decreased in winter. The weakness of vertical mixing by decreasing of wind speed caused to make the surface mixed layer shallow. it could be considered that the increasing trend of surface temperature was caused by weak mixing between surface and intermediate layers.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.315-326
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• 2015

Temporal and spatial variations of surface water temperature in Jinju Bay for the period of 2010~2011 were studied using the data from temperature monitoring buoys deployed at 17 stations in the south coast of Korea. Water temperature shows the maximum late in January and the minimum early in August. Seasonal variation of water temperatures at the north part of the bay is smaller than the middle and the south. In summer, the lowest and the highest of maximum water temperature are distributed around Jijok Channel which is located at the south of the bay. The fluctuations of water temperatures at Noryang and Daebang Channel are smaller than others because of vertical mixing caused by passage of strong tidal currents. Wind and strong currents affect on the stratification of the surface water layer near Daebang Channel. High temperatures come in frequently around the north area when eastward constant flows appear at neap tide as blowing westerly in the springtime at Noryang Channel. Spectral analyses of temperature records show significant peaks at 7~20 day periods at Noryang Channel, 7~20 day and semidiurnal at the west coast of Changsun Island and Jijok Channel and 7~20 day and diurnal at the middle of the bay. Temperature fluctuation at Noryang Channel shows high coherence and has leading phase with those at other stations in the bay. However, the phase of temperature fluctuation at Noryang Channel falls behind that at Daebang Channel. Daebang Channel has an influence on the temperature fluctuation only at the west and middle part of the bay. Cross-correlation analyses for the temperature fluctuation show that Jinju Bay could be classified into six areas; Noryang Channel, the area of convergence and divergence at the north, Daebang Channel, the west coast of Changsun Island, the mixing area at the middle of the bay and the south inside of the bay, respectively.