• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.17-23
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• 1995

Though the magnitude is decreasing, the compressive residual stress is always distributed during fatigue crack growth near the crack tip. This means that the residual stress is released during fatigue crack growth due to the alternative load. ${\Delta}K_{IV}$ is modified by using the initial residual stress and the redistributed residual stress in uniform and various thickness welded specimens. The former is denoted by ${\Delta}K_{IV.eff.i}$ and the latter is denoted by ${\Delta}K_{IV.eff.i}$. ${\Delta}K_{IV.eff.i}$ gives more accurate relations in da/dN vs. ${\Delta}K_{IV}$ curve, however the difference is very small.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.59-64
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to identify the principal factor controlling transverse residual stress at the weldment for joining unit hull blocks. In order to do it, the comprehensive FE analyses were carried out to evaluate the effect of distance between fillet and butt weldments, stiffener span and in-plane restraint degree on the amount and distribution of transverse residual stress in way of the weldments between unit hull blocks. In accordance with FEA results, principal factor controlling the amount of transverse residual stress at the weldments was identified as in-plane restraint degree of butt weldment for unit blocks. The effect of other variables on the transverse residual stress was very small relatively.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.46-51
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• 2004

The objective of this study was to evaluate the applicability of high temperature drying to pitch pine (Pinus rigida) lumber, especially intended for use as lamina of structural glued laminated timber (glulam), to enhance the efficient utilization and provide added-value to that species. The high temperature schedule and drying procedures utilized were shown to be reasonable for drying glulam lamina due to the occurrence of small moisture gradients, minimal residual drying stress, and low warpage. Through preliminary tests, it was confirmed that residual resin at lamina surfaces did not adversely affect the gluing process. However, quantitative analysis of resin is required for developing a method to constrain the occurrence of pitch trouble with respect to decreasing long-term adhesive and finish durability of glulam in use after manufacturing. The final moisture content of high temperature dried lamina was much lower than target moisture content and discoloration was more severe than anticipated. In a further study, it will be necessary to determine the optimal drying conditions, such as temperature, humidity, drying time, and top load restraint level, which could best control discoloration, warpage, and moisture content of the lamina, while minimizing fuel expense.

• Proceedings of the KWS Conference
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.94-94
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to identify the principal factor controlling transverse residual stress at the weldment for joining unit hull blocks. In order to do it, the comprehensive FE analyses were carried out to evaluate the effect of distance between fillet and butt weldments, in-plane and out-of-plane restraint degree on the amount and distribution of transverse residual stress in way of the weldments between unit hull blocks. In accordance with FEA results, principal factor controlling the amount of transverse residual stress at the weldments was identified as in-plane restraint degree of butt weldment for unit blocks. The effect of other variables on the transverse residual stress was very small relatively. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the proper distance between fillet weldment for stiffener and butt weldment for joining unit blocks should be determined in consideration of in-plane restraint intensity of butt weldments.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.86-91
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• 2010

In the present study, two-dimensional plane deformation thermo elasto-plastic analysis has been carried out, in order to investigate the thermal and mechanical behaviour (residual stress, plastic strain, magnitude of stress and their distribution and production mechanism) on multi-pass FCA butt weldment of high strength EH36-TMCP ultra thick plate. Moreover, this study can be considered as a basis for analysing the fracture toughness, KIC, and its effect on welding residual stress redistribution with notch on multi-pass FCA butt weldment, in future. The results of welding residual stress obtained from thermo elasto-plastic analysis has been compared and verified with the results measured by XRD.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.28-33
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the redistribution of transverse residual stress in the multi-pass FCA butt weld of YP47 in the hatch coaming top plate of ultra large size containership under the tensile cyclic load. In order to do it, the configuration of modified H type specimen including restraint length was first designed to simulate the restraint condition of the butt weld in hatch coaming top plate. FE analysis procedure for evaluating the transverse residual stress was verified by comparing the calculated mean and surface residual stresses with the measured results in the test specimen. After that, the effect of the cyclic load on the redistribution of transverse residual stress was evaluated by comprehensive FEA. From the results, it was found that although the maximum transverse residual stress decreased with an increase in the applied maximum load, the effect of the cyclic load on the mean residual stress is small enough to be negligible. It is because the maximum stress of the ship corresponding to the probability of 10E-8 is less than 70% of yield stress of the weld.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.31-35
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• 2009

When conducting CTOD test, especially in thick welded steel plate, fatigue pre-cracking occasionally failed to satisfy the requirements of standards thus making the test result invalid. Internally accumulated residual stress of test piece has been thought as one of the main reasons. The propagation of fatigue crack, started from the tip of machined notch, which might have propagated irregularly due to residual stress field. To overcome this kind of difficulty three methods to modify the residual stress are suggested in standard i.e. local compression, reverse bending and stepwise high-R ratio method. In this paper not only multi pass welding but also local pre-compressing process of thick steel plate has been simulated using finite element method for clarifying variation of internal welding residual stress. The simulated results show that welding residual stress is compressive in the middle section of the model and it is predominantly increased after machining the specimen. Comparing as-welded state all component of the welding residual stress changing to compressive in the tip of machine notch whereas residual stress of the outer area remain as tensile condition relatively. Analysis results also show that this irregular residual stress distribution is improved to be more uniformly by applying local compression.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.221-233
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• 2013

This study was performed to identify the effect of end-coating around pith of heavy timbers of Red pine and Korean pine on high temperature and low humidity drying characteristics. Total drying times were 268 hours, and ranges of final moisture content was investigated that Red Pine 9.2% to 10.8% MC for square and round timber, in case of Korean Pine 15.0% to 22.0% MC for square timber, 12.8% to 20.4% MC for round timber. Moisture content distribution of Red Pine was a uniform, but part of high moisture content was found in Korean Pine. In case of Korean pine, the surface checks were occurred more severe than in case of Red pine, and end-coating treatment were investigated to be ineffective on surface check. The internal checks were only formed on the two timbers. The value of the case hardenings was investigated that the ranges 3.7% to 9.1% for Red pine. In case of Korean pine, on the other hand, the case hardenings presence a few as 20.9% to 35.8%.

• Proceedings of the Korea Crystallographic Association Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.22-22
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• 2003

원자로에서 핵분열에 의해 생성된 고에너지 중성자는 감속재를 통해 열평형에 의해 에너지가 낮춰져 통계적 분포, 즉 Maxwell-Boltzman 운동에 따른 에너지 스펙트림을 갖게 된다. 중성자 산란장치는 통상 단색빔을 이용하므로 단색기(monochiomator)를 통해 이 분포에서 특정 파장의 중성자빔을 인출, 즉 단색화한다. 이때 단색기는 각각의 중성자 산란장치에 사용할 수 있는 특정 파장의 중성자빔을 인출하면서도, 파장의 퍼짐을 적절하게 조절하여 높은 중성자속(neutron flux)을 가지며 분해능도 또한 좋아야 한다. 전통적으로 많이 사용하는 단색화 방법은 결정의 내부결함을 유도하여 만든 모자익(mosaic) 결정을 이용하는 것이다. 이 방법은 특정 파장을 얻으면서도 좋은 분해능과 높은 중성자속을 갖는 모자익 결정을 만들기가 어렵고, 한번 결정된 단색기의 특성을 바꿀 수 없는 단점이 있다. 1980년대부터 몇몇 그룹이 거의 완전하게 성장된 단결정 슬랩을 미세하게 구부려서 탄성변형을 주어 effective 모자익 구조를 발생시킨 '구부린 완전결정(bent perfect crystal, BPC)' 단색기를 개발하여 특정 목적에 활용하는 시도를 하였다. BPC 단색기는 단색화된 중성자빔을 집속(focusing)할 수 있으며, 결정의 구부림 정도를 조절하고 배치 기하를 바꿈으로써 다양한 특성을 갖는 단색빔을 얻을 수 있는 장점이 있다. 이렇게 단색기의 기하학적 변수를 조절함으로써 회절빔의 집속도와 분해능을 조절할 수 있어서 잔류응력 측정이나 단결정 회절 및 집합조직 측정장치 등에 적용할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 BPC 단색기의 원리와 여러 배치기하에 따른 빔의 특성을 소개하고자 한다.빔이 시료와 상호 작용하는 면적과 상호작용하지 않을 때의 빔을 회절모드에서 faraday cup으로 측정한 빔전류로 부터 계산하였다. Gibbsite에 대한 전자빔 조사 시 1분 이내에 급격한 Hydroxyl Ion(OH-)의 이탈로 인해 Cibbsite의 구조는 거시적 비정질화가 되며 시간증가에 따라 χ-alumina → ν-alumina → σ-alumina or δ-alumina의 순으로 상전이를 겪는다. 전자빔 조사 시 관찰된 회절자료의 가시적 변화를 통해 illumination angle 1.25mrad(Dose rate : 334 × 10³ e/sup -//sec·n㎡)일 경우 약 3초 이내에 비정질화가 시작됨을 알 수 있었고 이는 약 1 × 10/sup 6/ e/sup -//sec·n㎡ 의 전자선량에 해당되며 이를 기준으로 각각의 illumination angle에 대한 임계전자선량을 평가할 수 있었다. 실질적으로 Cibbsite와 같은 무기수화물의 직접가열실험 시 전자빔 조사에 의해 야기되는 상전이 영향을 배제하고 실험을 수행하려면 illumination angle 0.2mrad (Dose rate : 8000 e/sup -//sec·n㎡)이하로 관찰하고 기록되어야 함을 본 자료로부터 알 수 있었다.운동횟수에 의한 영향으로써 운동시간을 1일 6시간으로 설정하여, 운동횟수를 결정하기 위하여 오전, 오후에 각 3시간씩 운동시키는 방법과 오전부터 6시간동안 운동시키는 두 방법을 이용하여 품질을 비교하였다. 각 조건에 따라 운동시킨 참돔의 수분함량을 나타낸 것으로, 2회(오전 3시간, 오후 3시간)에 나누어서 운동시키기 위한 육의 수분함량은 73.37±2.02%를 나타냈으며, 1회(6시간 운