• 한국안전학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.7-12
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• 2015

CFRP composites are used as primary structural members in various industrial fields because their specific strength and specific stiffness are excellent in comparison to conventional metals. Their usage is expanding to high added-value industrial fields because they are more than 50% lighter than metals, and have excellent heat resistance and wear resistance. However, when CFRP composites suffer impact damage, destruction of fiber and interface delamination occur. This causes an unexpected deterioration of strength, and for this reason it is very difficult to ensure the reliability of the excellent mechanical properties. Therefore, for the destruction mechanism in bending with impact damage, this study investigated the reinforcement data regarding various external loads by identifying the consequential strength deterioration. Specimens were damaged by impact with a steel ball propelled by air pressure. Decrease in bending strength caused by the tension and compression of the impact side, and depending on the lamination direction of fiber and interface inside the specimen. From the bending test it was found that the bending strength reduced when the impact energy increased. Especially in the case of compression on the impact side, as tensile stress occurred at the damage starting point, causing rapid failure and a substantially reduced failure strength.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.75-80
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• 2005

In this paper, when CF/EPOXY laminates for high efficiency space structure are subjected to FOD(Foreign Object Damage), the effects of temperature change on the impact damages(inter laminar separation and transverse crack) of CF/EPOXY laminates and the relationship between residual life and impact damages ale experimentally investigated. Composite laminates used in this experiment are CF/EPOXY orthotropic laminated plates, which have two-interfaces $[0^{\circ}_6/90^{\circ}_6]S$ and four-interfaces $[0^{\circ}_3/90^{\circ}_6/0^{\circ}_3]S$. CF/EPOXY specimens with impact damages caused by a steel ball launched from the air gun were observed by the scanning acoustic microscope under room and high temperatures. In this experimental results, various relations were experimentally observed including the delamination area vs. temperature change, the bending strength vs. impact energy and the residual bending strength vs. impact damage of CF/EPOXY laminates. And as the temperature of CF/PEEK laminates increases, the delaminaion areas of impact-induced damages decrease linearly. A linear relationship between the impact energy and the delamination areas were observed. As the temperature of CF/PEEK laminates increases, the delamination areas decrease because of higher initial delaminatin damage energy.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.104-114
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• 1997

The microstructure and bond strength were investigated on the SiC/SiC and SiC/mild steel joints brazed by Ag-5at%Ti alloy. Ag-5at%Ti-2at%Fe and -5at%Fe brazing alloys were also used to see the effects of Fe addition on the bond strength of SiC/SiC brazed joints. Brazing temperature and brazing gap were selected and examined as brazing variables. The microstructure of SiC/SiC brazed joints was affected by Fe addition to the Ag-5at%Ti alloy, but the bond strength was not. Increasing brazing temperature also changed the microstructure of $Ti_5Si_3$ reaction layer and brazing alloy matrix of the SiC/SiC and SiC/mild steel joints, but not the bond strength. Brazing gap had a great effects on the bond strength. Decreasing brazing gap from 0.2 mm to 0.1 mm in SiC/SiC brazing increased the bond strength from 187 MPa to 263 MPa and, in SiC/mild steel brazing, from 189 MPa to 212 MPa. It was concluded that the most important parameter on the bond strength in SiC/SiC and SiC/mild steel brazing was the relative ratio between brazing gap and specimen size.

• 한국해양공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양공학회 2001년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.338-343
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• 2001

Recently the steel parts used at automobiles are required to be used under high stress more than ever before in need of the weight down. To achieve this requirement of a high strength steel, it must be necessary to decrease inclusion content and surface defect as like decarburization, surface roughness etc., In this study, the surface conditions are measured to know the influence on fatigue properties by two cases of shot peening of two-stage shot peening and single-stage shot peening. And for this study, two kinds of spring steel(SAE 9254, DIN 50CrV4) are made. This study shows the outstanding improvement of fatigue properties at the case of two-stage shot peening in the rotary bending fatigue test and this is assumed to be from (1) on low stress condition, the single stage shot peening is not affected by nonmetallic inclusion under metal. (2) it is possible that the two-stage shot peening increases the fatigue life and the high stress, but, that is affected by nonmetallic inclusion under metal. (3) so far, beeasily 50CrV4 have made high stress. But, results also show fatigue failures originated at inclusion near surface, and this inclusion type is turned out to be a alumina of high hardness.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.152-162
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• 1993

The purpose of this study is to investigate problems of residual bending strength and the impact damage experimentally when CFRP composite laminates are subjected to Foreign object damage. The specimens composed of four types of CR/EPOXY and a CF/PEEK composite laminates which involved difference of fiber stracking orientation and matrics. The result were summariged as follows : 1) It is found that both orthotropic and guasi-isotropic composite laminates are increasimg lineally between impact energy and damage delamination area. 2) Delamination devel- opment energy(mm$^{2}$J) OF cf/epoxy composite aminates is less than that of CF/PEEK. 3) When impact energy is applied to specimens within 3J, the residual strength of orthotropic is greater than guasi-isotropic composite laminates. On the other hand, it is predicted that residual bending strength of orthotropic composite laminates is less than that of quasi-isotropic when impact energy is more thaen 3J. 4) It is found in CF/PEEK that for the impact side compression, residual of bending strength versus impact energy is almost constant, while in case of impact side tension, residual bending strength is decreased rapidly near 1.2J. of impact energy due to the effect of delamination buckling.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제34권8호
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• pp.1015-1021
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 반응소결 탄화규소(RS-SiC)의 제조공정 중에서 C/SiC 복합 비율(0.1, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 1.0)이 외부입자충격 손상 거동에 미치는 영향을 평가하였다. 충격시험은 공기총(air-gun)을 사용하였으며, 직경 2 mm 강구를 113 m/s, 122 m/s, 180 m/s의 충격속도로 RS-SiC 판재($20\times20\times3$ mm)에 충격시켜 발생된 링크랙의 직경 변화 및 콘크랙의 발생 거동을 SEM 영상으로 평가하였다. 결과적으로 RS-SiC에 발생한 링크랙의 최대직경이 충격속도가 증가함에 따라 대체로 증가하였지만, C/SiC 복합 비율에 따라서는 급격한 변화를 보였다. 이는 C/SiC 복합 비율에 따라 잔류 Si 함량 및 굽힘강도 변화의 영향으로 볼 수 있다. 특히 C/SiC 복합 비율이 0.4~0.5 범위에서 콘크랙이 발생됨에 따라 링크랙에서 콘크랙의 발생으로 변화되는 충격손상 메커니즘의 임계영역으로 판단할 수 있다. 아울러 콘크랙의 발생 임계영역을 고려할 때, RS-SiC 최적 제조 공정으로서 C/SiC 혼합 비율을 최대 0.3으로 하는 것이 효과적이다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.581-586
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• 2018

주철 맨홀뚜껑은 제조과정에서 환경오염을 유발하며, 작업환경은 매우 열악하다. 또한, 맨홀 뚜껑의 높이와 도로 표면의 높이가 일치하지 않은 경우에는 많은 불편을 초래하며 안전에도 문제를 야기한다. 본 연구에서는 주철 맨홀뚜껑을 대체할 수 있고, 도로 노면 공사 시 도로 노면 높이와 맨홀 뚜껑의 높이를 동일하게 맞추기 용이한 높이 조절이 가능한 강재 맨홀 뚜껑 구조를 제안하였다. 요구되는 품질 성능을 만족시키기 위한 맨홀 뚜껑의 구조에 대한 설계변수를 파악하기 위하여 구조 해석을 수행하였다. 요구되는 내하중 용량을 만족하는 맨홀뚜껑을 제작하기 위하여 ㄷ자 모양의 보강대에 대하여 최적 설계를 수행하였다. 높이조절부의 원통과 하부 프레임 원통은 강판을 굽힘 가공하여 원형의 형상으로 만든 후 용접에 의하여 제작하였다. 또한, 보강대도 강판을 굽힘 가공하여 제작하였다. 높이 조절용 홈은 CNC 밀링머신에 의하여 가공하였다. 4차례의 시제품을 제작하여 내하중 실험을 수행하였으며, 시험의 결과를 반영하여 새로이 제작하였다. 내하중 시험에서 용접부의 파손은 발생하지 않았으며, 주로 변형은 높이조절 홈과 가셋트 판이 접촉하는 부위에서 발생하였다. 450kN의 부하 하중에 의해 1~2.7mm의 변형이 발생하지만, 하중을 제거한 후에 거의 잔류변형이 없으며, 맨홀뚜껑의 분해 및 재조립이 가능하기 때문에 내하중 평가도 만족하는 것으로 판정받았다.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.237-246
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• 2008

연속경간을 가지는 I형강 교량은 내부 지점근처에서 상대적으로 큰 부모멘트가 발생하게 되는데, 이에 경제적인 단면 활용을 위하여 내부 지점부위의 상부 및 하부플랜지에 플레이트를 보강한 변단면을 사용하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 기존 탄성 횡-비틀림 좌굴식에 관한 연구를 토대로 하여 비탄성 구간에 있는 계단식 I형보의 횡-비틀림 좌굴강도를 범용구조해석프로그램 ABAQUS(2006)를 이용하여 산정하고, 간편한 설계식을 제안하고 있다. 유한요소해석에는 4절점 쉘요소인 S4R이 사용되었고, 국내외에서 많이 사용되는 I형강 단면(${W36{\times}160}$)을 대상으로 하였다. 양단 및 한쪽 끝단에 계단식 단면을 가지는 보에 대해서 고려하였으며, 플랜지 길이방향 비, 너비방향 비, 두께의 비로 계단식 I형보를 나타내었다. 해석에 사용된 매개변수는 각각 27가지 및 36가지 조합이고, 하중조건으로 보의 순수굽힘이 발생하는 균일모멘트를 적용시켰으며, 비탄성 구간범위 내에 있는 비지지 길이에 대하여 구조해석을 수행하였다. 비탄성 횡-비틀림 거동을 보기 위하여 잔류응력 및 초기결함을 고려한 비선형해석을 실시하였는데, Pi(1995)등이 고려한 잔류응력의 형상과 국내 I형강 표준 치수 허용치에 근거하여 부재 길이의 0.1%를 초기제작오차로 고려하였다. 본 연구 결과는 다양한 형식의 I형보가 사용되는 빌딩 및 교량의 경제적이고 합리적인 설계의 근간을 제공해 줄 것이며, 향후 다양한 하중 조건을 가지는 양단 또는 일단 계단식 단면 변화보의 비탄성 횡-비틀림 좌굴강도를 계산할 수 있는 설계식 개발에 적극 활용 될 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국해양공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양공학회 2004년도 학술대회지
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• pp.337-341
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• 2004

Engineering ceramics have superior heat resistance, corrosion resistance, and wear resistance. Consequently, these art significant candidates for hot-section structural components of heat engine and the inner containment of nuclear fusion reactor. Besides, some of them have the ability to heal cracks and great benefit can be anticipated with great benefit the structural engineering field. Especially, law fracture toughness of ceramics supplement with self-healing ability. In the present study, we have been noticed some practically important points for the healing behavior of silicon nitride, alumina, mullite with SiC particle and whisker. The presence of silicon carbide (SiC) in ceramic compound is very important for crack-healing behavior. However, self-healing of SiC has not been investigated well in detail yet. In this study, commercial SiC was selected as sample, which can be anticipated in the excellent crack healing ability. The specimens were produced three-point bending specimen with a critical semi-circular crack of which size that is about $50-700{\mu}m$. Three-point bending test and static fatigue test were performed cracked and healed SiC specimens. A monotonic bending load was applied to cracked specimens by three-point loading at different temperature. The purpose of this paper is to report Strength Properties and Elastic Waves Characteristics of Silicon Carbide with Crack Healing Ability.

• 동력기계공학회지
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.67-72
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• 2011

In the present study, crack healing effect and residual stress of $Al_2O_3$ ceramics were investigated by changing the sintering temperature and heat treatment conditions. And also it was investigated that the influence of different filler loadings of nano-sized SiC particles on the crack healing behavior of $Al_2O_3$ ceramics. The test samples were characterized by three point bend flexural tests to evaluate their mechanical properties. The morphological changes were studied by FE-SEM and EDS. The test results indicated that the $Al_2O_3$ with nano-sized SiC ceramics sintered at $1800^{\circ}C$ were showed highest density. Sintering temperature at $1800^{\circ}C$, the bending strength of heat treatment in air atmosphere specimens showed about 42 % increment in comparison to the un-heat treated specimens. The cracked specimens can be healed by heat treatment in vacuum atmosphere but the crack healing effect of $Al_2O_3$ ceramics, which is heat treated in air atmosphere was higher than that of heat treated in vacuum atmosphere. $Al_2O_3$ with 30 wt% of SiC ceramics indicated higher crack healing ability than that with 15 wt% of SiC ceramics. The FE-SEM images showed that the median cracks and pores were disappeared after heat treatment in air.