• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.179-184
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• 2023

Korean society has experienced so-called 'societal crisis' in many aspects of society for a couple of decades and those crises include both natural disasters and tragic catastrophes. Given that, this study purports to investigate, first of all, what is the definition of crisis in general and societal crisis in specific. Next question is what are the major types of societal crises and what are the indicators for those crises. As a result, many areas of societal crisis and corresponding indicators in each area will be introduced. Finally, this study tries to establish a new definition of societal crises based upon a more sociological, more specifically a more phenomenological point of view. For these research purpose, in-depth review for previous research on the subject will be done including psychological and sociological materials. Final outcome of this study will be a new and experimental definition of societal crisis, which will provide the principle base for actual numeric indicators of societal crisis in both macro and micro level.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.15 no.2 s.42
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• pp.213-227
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• 2005

This study aims to assess the problems with investigation method and to suggest the complementary solutions by comparing the predicted data from surface investigation with the outcome data from underground cavern. In the study area, one(NE-1) of 6 fracture zones predicted during the surface investigation was only confirmed in underground caverns. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the confidence level for prediction. In this study, the fracture classification criteria was quantitatively suggested on the basis of the BHTV images of NE-1 fracture zone. The major orientation of background fractures in rock mass was changed at the depth of the storage cavern, the length and intensity were decreased. These characteristics result in the deviation of predieted predicted fracture properties and generate the investigation bias depending on the bore hole directions and investigated scales. The evaluation of hydraulic connectivity in the surface investigation stage needs to be analyze by the groundwater pressures and hydrochemical properties from the monitoring bore hole(s) equipped with a double completion or multi-packer system during the test bore hole is pumping or injecting. The hydraulic conductivities in geometric mean measured in the underground caverns are 2-3 times lower than those from the surface and furthermore the horizontal hydraulic conductivity in geometric mean is six times lower than the vertical one. To improve confidence level of the hydraulic conductivity, the orientation of test hole should be considered during the analysis of the hydraulic conductivity and the methodology of hydro-testing and interpretation should be based on the characteristics of rock mass and investigation purposes.

• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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• 1992.04b
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• pp.581-591
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• 1992

최근 급속한 사무자동화와 함께 컴퓨터의 사용이 보편화되어 가지고 있다. 이에 따라 컴퓨터등 VDT에 매달려 일하는 사무직 근로자들이 시력장해, 두통, 어깨결림, 요통, 스트레스성 장애등 새로운 질병에 시달리고 있다. 이것은 "VDT증후군"(Visual Display Terminal Syndrome) 또는 "VDT병"이란 신종 직업병이다. 컴퓨터 수상기 화면을 계속해서 들여다보면 화면에서 나오는 자외선과 강한 빛으로 눈에 무리가 와 충혈되고 침침해지며 두통 증세가 나타난다. 이런 초기증상이 6개월이상 계속되면 시력이 떨어지고 만성피로를 느끼는가 하면, 때때로 독감과 비슷한 증상이 나타나며, 심하면 탈모현상까지 경험하게 된다. 요즘 시행되고 있는 초등 고교 컴퓨터교육의 의무화와 2천년대의 1가구 1단말기 설치를 목표로한 컴퓨터 영상단말기의 급속한 보급으로, 앞으로는 사무실뿐만 아니라 일반 가정에까지 컴퓨터 이용이 일상화될 전망이고 보면 VDT작업에 따른 건강장해 문제는 더이상 가볍게 볼 수 없는 문제이다. 이에 대해 선진국에서는 작업시간 규제, 회사가 종업원의 정기적인 시력검진 및 시력교정에 필요한 비용을 보조하도록 하는가하면 실작업환경 개선등 다각적인 대책을 마련하고 있다. 미국, 유럽, 일본등 선진국에서는 VDT작업 여성들의 유산 및 기형아 출산등 임신이상에 관한 실태보고서까지 나오고 있어 여성들에게 커다란 충격을 던져주고 있다. 그러나 우리나라에서는 VDT병 증상을 호소하는 근로자들의 직업병예방 및 대책에 큰 어려움을 겪고있다. 그러므로, VDT작업으로 인한 건강상의 문제, 작업환경 및 작업자세등을 조사하여 문제점과 예방대책을 살펴보고, 작업장을 인간공학적으로 설계하고 평가하여 사용자의 건강을 보호하고 생산성의 향상에 도움이 되고자 한다.생산성의 향상에 도움이 되고자 한다.Action Code를 계산처리부로 넘겨준다. 입력처리부에서는 Mouse와 Keyboard 어느것으로나 입력이 가능하도록 해준다. 출력처리부에서는 Action Code에 따라 계산처리부에서 계산된 결과를 화면에 보여주기 위한 각종 2D/3D Graphic Routine들이 포함되어있어 계산처리부에서 불러쓰도록 되어있다.에서는 전문가시스템 기법을 도입해서 사출금형 공정계획전문가의 지식과 경험을 획득하여 지식베이스를 구축하고, 전문가시스템 셀(shell)중 CLIPS를 이용하여 자동공정계획시스템인 Mold CAPP을 개발하였다.PP을 개발하였다.며 이와 상이한 결과도 보여주고 있다. 이상으로 볼 때 1) 가정하수의 질을 높이기 위하여 분뇨정화조 의 효율증대 2) 산업폐수의 공정별 폐수량의 조절 및 폐수성 상에 따른 총량규제에 대비한 효율증대 3) 하천의 오염부하와 자정능력 최대한 부여 4) 폐수처리를 위한 미생물제개발 및 오염지표 종 연구와 오염내성 생물의 연구등이 종합적 으로 수행되어야 한다. 5) 이상의 모든 조사와 연구결과를 객관적으로 표기할 수 있도록 하천의 이정표가 정해져야 하겠다.7%)에 비해 유의하게 낮았고 정상군과는 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다.상고나성이 있었다. 혈중 호모시스테인 농도는 질병의 위험요인으로서 뿐 아니라 대사적으로 밀접하게 연관된 비타민 영양상태의 biomarker로서도 그 영향력이 크다고 할 수 있다. 따라서 성별에 다른 다양한 연령집단에서 건강한 일반인과 심혈관계 질환자 등을 대상으로 호모시스테인과 비타민 영양상태에 대한 연구가 체계적으로 이루어 져야 할 것이다.태를 보다 효율적으로 증진시킬 수 있는 대안이 마련되어져야 한다고 사료된다.$\ulcorner$순응$\lrcorner$의 범위를 벗어나지 않는다. 그렇기 때문에도

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.230-238
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• 2023

Small and medium-sized food manufacturing enterprises are largely reliant on manual labor, from inputting raw materials to palletizing the final product. Recently, there has been a trend toward smartness and digitization through the implementation of robotics and sensor data technology. In this study, we examined the effectiveness of improvement through 3D simulation on two repetitive work processes within a food manufacturing company. These processes involve workers whose speed cannot match the capacity of the applied equipment. Two manual processes were selected: the weighing and packing process performed by workers after skewer assembly, and the manual batch process of counting randomly delivered frozen foods, packing (both internal and external), and palletizing. The production volume, utilization rate, and number of workers were chosen as verification indicators. As a result of the simulation for improving the 3D process, production increased by 13.5% and 56.8% compared to the existing process, respectively. This was particularly evident in the process of applying palletizing robots. In both processes, as the utilization rate and number of input workers decreased, robots could replace tasks with high worker fatigue, thereby reducing work overload. This study demonstrates the potential to visually compare the process flow improvement using 3D simulations and confirms the possibility of pre-validation for improvement.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.283-291
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• 2011

In case of metric cameras, not only fiducial marks but also various parameters related to camera lens are provided to users for the interior orientation process. The parameters have been acquired through precise camera calibration in laboratory by camera maker. But, in case of non-metric cameras, the interior orientation parameters should be determined in person by users through camera calibration with great number of control points. The interior orientation parameters of metric cameras are practically used for long time. But in case of non-metric cameras, the long-term stability of the interior orientation parameters have not been established. Generally, the interior orientation parameters of non-metric cameras are determined in every photogrammetric work. It's been an obstacle to use the non-metric camera in photogrammetric project because so many control points are required to get the interior orientation parameters. In this study, camera calibrations and photogrammetric observations using a non-metric camera have been implemented 25 times periodically for 6 months and the results have been analyzed. As a result, long-them stability of the interior orientation parameters of a non-metric camera is analyzed.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.327-337
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• 2021

The paper acknowledges that many human resources are needed on the research and development (R&D) process of artificial intelligence (AI), and discusses on factors to consider on the current method of development. Enfin, in order to enhance efficiency of AI development, it seems possible through labour division of a few managers and numerous ordinary workers as a type of light industry. Thus, the research team names the development process of AI, which maximizes production efficiency by handling digital resources named 'data' with mechanical equipment called 'computer', as digital light industry of fourth industrial era. As experienced during the previous Industrial Revolution, if human resources are efficiently distributed and utilized, digital light industry would be able to expect progress no less than the second Industrial Revolution, and human resources development for this is considered urgent.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.12
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• pp.612-618
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• 2020

In recent years, the demand for external window cleaning has increased, but the process is a very dangerous manpower-dependent operation. In addition, it is difficult to clean at the desired frequency in a business that values cleanliness. Therefore, there is a need to automate this work. This paper presents the concept of a device that can be attached to a specific window and clean the window continuously. The economic feasibility of this device was analyzed. The estimated manufacturing cost of the equipment was approximately 10 million won, but the possible investment cost was at least 9.8 million won for five years of endurance and 103 million won for 10 years of endurance. Therefore, the expected savings well exceed the equipment cost, and it was evaluated as having economic feasibility. Since this study analyzed only quantitative indicators, the expected cost reduction due to a reduction in safety accidents, productivity improvement, construction time reduction, and quality improvement was not considered. Therefore, it is expected that the calculated economic feasibility will be more accurate if the cost reduction effect by the automation equipment is calculated by adding the expected values not considered in this study.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.17-28
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• 2023

Potholes that occur on paved roads can have fatal consequences for vehicles traveling at high speeds and may even lead to fatalities. While manual detection of potholes using human labor is commonly used to prevent pothole-related accidents, it is economically and temporally inefficient due to the exposure of workers on the road and the difficulty in predicting potholes in certain categories. Therefore, completely preventing potholes is nearly impossible, and even preventing their formation is limited due to the influence of ground conditions closely related to road environments. Additionally, labeling work guided by experts is required for dataset construction. Thus, in this paper, we utilized the Mean Teacher technique, one of the semi-supervised learning-based knowledge distillation methods, to achieve robust performance in pothole image classification even with limited labeled data. We demonstrated this using performance metrics and GradCAM, showing that when using semi-supervised learning, 15 pre-trained CNN models achieved an average accuracy of 90.41%, with a minimum of 2% and a maximum of 9% performance difference compared to supervised learning.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.175-183
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to present the basic information about advancement of computer network system for colleges that are preparing or in progressing upgrading. For this, we investigated the necessity and direction of computer network system upgrading work, basic guidelines, development requirements, and construction environment. And we suggested those informations through the main subject. In conclusion, we propose that we can obtain expected results such as efficiency improvement of administrative work, strengthen competitiveness, ensure inter-work connectivity, increase the efficiency of student management, efficient workforce placement, provide integrated centralized control solution and building smart campus through computer network system upgrading project.

• Proceedings of the Korea Inteligent Information System Society Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.379-384
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• 2002

개발적인 측면에서 온라인 게임 환경에서의 NPC(Non Playable Character)들은 환경인식능력, 이동능력, 특수 능력 및 아이템의 소유 배분 등을 원활히 하기 위한 능력들을 소유해야 하며, 게임 환경을 인식, 저장하기 위한 데이터구조와 자신만의 독특한 임무(mission)를 달성하기 위한 계획을 갖고 행위를 해야 한다. 이런 의미에서 NPC는 자신만의 고유한 규칙과 행동 패턴, 그리고 목표(Goal)와 이를 실행하기 위한 계획(plan)을 소유하는 에이전트로 인식되어야 할 것이다. 그러나, 기존 게임의 NPC 제어 구조나 구현 방법은 이러한 요구조건에 부합되지 못한 부분이 많았다. C/C++ 같은 컴퓨터 언어들을 이용한 구현은 NPC의 유연성이나, 행위에 많은 문제점이 있었다. 이들 언어의 switch 문법은 NPC의 몇몇 특정 상태를 묘사하고, 그에 대한 행위를 지정하는 방법으로 사용되었으나, 게임 환경이 복잡해지면서, 더욱더 방대한 코드를 만들어야 했고, 해석하는데 많은 어려움을 주었으며, 동일한 NPC에 다른 행동패턴을 적용시키기도 어려웠다. 또한, 대부분의 제어권을 게임 서버 폭에서 도맡아 함으로써, 서버측에 많은 과부하 요인이 되기도 하였다. 이러한 어려움을 제거하기 위해서 게임 스크립트를 사용하기도 하였지만, 그 또한 단순 반복적인 패턴에 사용되거나, 캐릭터의 속성적인 측면만을 기술 할 수 있을 뿐이었다 이러한 어려움을 해소하기 위해서는 NPC들의 작업에 필요한 지식의 계층적 분화를 해야 하고, 현재 상황과 목표 변화에 적합한 반응을 표현할 수 있는 스크립트의 개발이 필수 적이라 할 수 있다 또한 스크립트의 실행도 게임 서버 측이 아닌 클라이언트 측에서 수행됨으로써, 서버에 걸리는 많은 부하를 줄일 수 있어야 할 것이다. 본 논문에서는, 대표적인 반응형 에이전트 시스템인 UMPRS/JAM을 이용하여, 에이전트 기반의 게임 캐릭터 구현 방법론에 대해 알아본다.퓨터 부품조립을 사용해서 Template-based reasoning 예를 보인다 본 방법론은 검색노력을 줄이고, 검색에 있어 Feasibility와 Admissibility를 보장한다.매김할 수 있는 중요한 계기가 될 것이다.재무/비재무적 지표를 고려한 인공신경망기법의 예측적중률이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 즉, 로지스틱회귀 분석의 재무적 지표모형은 훈련, 시험용이 84.45%, 85.10%인 반면, 재무/비재무적 지표모형은 84.45%, 85.08%로서 거의 동일한 예측적중률을 가졌으나 인공신경망기법 분석에서는 재무적 지표모형이 92.23%, 85.10%인 반면, 재무/비재무적 지표모형에서는 91.12%, 88.06%로서 향상된 예측적중률을 나타내었다.ting LMS according to increasing the step-size parameter $\mu$ in the experimentally computed. learning curve. Also we find that convergence speed of proposed algorithm is increased by (B+1) time proportional to B which B is the number of recycled data buffer without complexity of computation. Adaptive transversal filter with proposed data recycling buffer algorithm could efficiently reject ISI of channel and increase speed of convergence in avoidance burden of computational complexity in reality when it was experimented having