• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.40 no.2
• /
• pp.1-14
• /
• 2012

The purpose of this study is to derive a desirable riverfront construction plan to me for the activities of citizens through the evaluation and analysis of the urban riverfront space from the perspective of universal design. Therefore, previous studies were examined in order to induce evaluation tools that bhve been grafted from the universal design concept; in addition, a field survey was conducted in Shincheon, Daegu, which was selected as the study target, in order to induce problems and improvement directions from the perspective of universal design. The major results can be summarized as follows. (1) In the 'fairness' aspect, all the items such as installation of integrated functional signage, showing pictures, symbols, foreign language signs, and restroom entrances signage were determined to be 'All Unsuitable' for all sections; and therefore, it is necessary to improve the fairness of usage for everybody. (2) In the 'Functionality(Usability)' aspect, all items such as installation of bicycle paths beside access roads, installation of integrated functional signs, and night light signs were determined to be 'All Unsuitable' for all sections; therefore, it is necessary to improve the functionalities of these facilities. (3) In the 'Convenience' aspect, all items such as the installation of bicycle parking areas, continuous rest facilities, and back and ann support(handles) at resting facilities were determined to be 'All Unsuitable' for many sections; therefore, it is necessary to improve these facilities for the convenience of usage. (4) In the 'Information(Recognizability)' aspect, all items such as showing pictures, symbols, foreign languages and installation of night light signs, and restroom entrances signage were determined to be 'All Unsuitable' for all sections; therefore, it is necessary to improve the recognizability to minimize misunderstandings and confusion. (5) In the 'Safety' aspect, all items such as the installation of safe pedestrian paths in parking areas, using anti-slip and shock absorption materials on restroom floors, and the continuous installation of pedestrian paths that are separate from bicycle paths were determined to be 'All Unsuitable' for all sections; therefore, it is necessary to improve the safety to prevent accidents. (6) In the 'Amenity' aspect, access roads, parking areas, hygiene facilities, convenience facilities, and waterside facilities for many sections were determined to be 'All Unsuitable'; therefore, it is necessary to conduct more concentrated hygiene management. (7) In the 'Accessibility(Mobility)' aspect, all items such as the installation of safe pedestrian paths in parking areas, and continuous pedestrian paths that are separate from bicycle paths were determined to be 'All Unsuitable' for all sections; therefore, it is necessary to improve the accessibility to provide safety and convenience. (8) In the 'Durability' aspect, access roads, parking areas, rest facilities, convenience facilities, fitness facilities, and waterside facilities were determined to be 'All Unsuitable' for many sections, therefore, it is necessary to improve sunken or damaged areas by inspecting facilities by section.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
• /
• v.12 no.6
• /
• pp.93-100
• /
• 2013

This paper presents the development process for a bicycle monocoque frame using bolt fastening. Traditionally, bicycle frames have been constructed with metal tubes joined at their ends by welding. These frames have been brazed or soldered onto metal lugs, forming the frame. Because stress loads become greatest at the joint of the bicycle tube frame, joint construction strongly influences frame design and construction. To avoid the inherent problems of material discontinuity at frame joints, numerous designers have attempted to reduce or eliminate the number of joints in tube frames. Nevertheless, the manufacture of high quality, reliable, one-piece and jointless frames has proven difficult and expensive. In this study, a new monocoque frame adapted to a hybrid bike is proposed. The advantage of the monocoque frame, is theat is has a rechargeable battery system that is built into the frame; as a result, the emotional quality for the customer is improved. In order to estimate the design compatibility compared with that of tube frames, structural analysis is performed using finite element method. A prototype based on a modified design has also been made and stability testing has been carried out.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
• /
• v.23 no.3
• /
• pp.287-291
• /
• 2015

This study investigates the result of thermal stress analysis on disk rotor by classes at bike brake. In the analysis result of thermal deformation at the steady state, maximum deformations at models 1, 2 and 3 are 0.14347mm, 0.15823mm and 0.16028mm respectively. The deformation becomes larger as the field goes on from the center to the outside at disk rotor. As there are models 1, 2 and 3 in the order of maximum deformation, model 1 has safest among three models. In the analysis result of thermal stress at steady and transient states, there are models 1, 2 and 3 in the order of maximum stress. Model 1 becomes most excellent on strength and safety among three models. By using the analysis result of disk rotor model at bike disk, it is possible to design the model applied practically at the safe driving of bike.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.91-98
• /
• 2014

PURPOSES : Recently, there are increasing bicycle accidents along with increasing bicycles users. Bicycle accidents occurred frequently by perpendicular collision form at intersection inner. In order to improve safety of bicycle, drivers need to be aware of bicycles on the road and intersection geometric designs need to be designed to reduce risk associated with collisions between bicycles and car. This study aims to review the location of bicycle crossing in the viewpoint of bicycle safety. METHODS : Four types of bicycle crossing by curve radius and driver's check around the behavior are set to simulate the risk of collisions between bicycles and car turning right. Simulation using fortran programming are conducted on total 60 cases. RESULTS : Bicycle crossing located behind of crosswalk is lower the risk of collisions with car in all cases. In addition to the larger curve radius of pavement edge at intersection and the more pay attention to the rear by the turn head to the right is too low the risk of collisions with car. CONCLUSIONS : It is show that the location of bicycle crossing is safer behind than in front of crosswalk in the viewpoint of bicycle safety.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
• /
• v.22 no.5
• /
• pp.200-215
• /
• 2023

With the rapid advance of autonomous driving technology, the related vehicle market is experiencing explosive growth, and it is anticipated that the era of fully autonomous vehicles will arrive in the near future. However, along with the development of autonomous driving technology, questions regarding its safety and reliability continue to be raised. Concerns among technology adopters are increasing due to media reports of accidents involving autonomous vehicles. To promote the improvement of the safety of autonomous vehicles, it is essential to analyze previous accident cases and identify their causes. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to analyze the factors influencing the severity of autonomous vehicle accidents using previous accident cases and related data. The data used for this research primarily comprised autonomous vehicle accident reports collected and distributed by the California Department of Motor Vehicles (CA DMV). Spatial information on accident locations and additional traffic data were also collected and utilized. Given that the primary data used in this study were accident reports, a Poisson regression analysis was conducted to model the expected number of accidents. The research results indicated that the severity of autonomous vehicle accidents increases in areas with low lighting, the presence of bicycle or bus-exclusive lanes, and a history of pedestrian and bicycle accidents. These findings are expected to serve as foundational data for the development of algorithms to enhance the safety of autonomous vehicles and promote the installation of related transportation infrastructure.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
• /
• v.18 no.5
• /
• pp.79-90
• /
• 2019

This study aims to develop time headway distribution models of bicycle traffic flow in a uninterrupted bikeway. The sample data were collected and classified into two groups of traffic volume levels. The lower level traffic volume is defined to be under 8 bicycles per minute, and the higher one is greater or equal to 8 bicycles per minute. The data aggregation interval size was set to be 0.5-second. Four distribution models including normal distribution, negative exponential distribution, shifted negative exponential distribution, and Pearson III distribution were tested, and Chi-square test results shows that the negative exponential distribution and the shifted negative exponential distribution are well fitted to the sample data. Another test results with different sample data also shows the same conclusion.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
• /
• 2017.05a
• /
• pp.212-212
• /
• 2017

친수공간은 하천주변의 가치를 적극 활용하고자 공원, 캠핑장, 관광 및 레져시설 등으로 조성된 친환경적 하천공간을 말한다. 그러나 이러한 친수공간은 주로 제외지의 고수부지에 조성되어 있음에 따라 중규모의 강수량에도 불구하고 쉽게 침수될 가능성이 상존하고 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 영산강과 섬진강수계를 대상으로 공원 캠핑장 자전거도로 등 하천 내 친수지구를 안전하게 관리하기 위해 침수도표 및 침수정보를 제공하고, 언제 어디서나 홍수정보를 쉽게 제공받을 수 있도록 홍수정보제공체계를 구축하는데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 연구 대상 수계에 대하여 자료수집 및 현장조사를 실시함으로써 친수지구내 시설물 현황을 파악하였으며, 이를 근거로 4대강사업이후 여건변화를 반영한 최신 지형정보 활용하여 침수예측모형을 구축하였다. 다만 친수지구 예측모형의 정확도 및 효율성 향상을 위해 친수지구 특성을 고려한 수치표고모델의 격자크기 및 해상도를 달리하였으며, 친수지구 예측모형의 정확도 검 보정을 위해 홍수흔적조사를 실시하였다. 이러한 연구를 통해 기존 홍수예보시스템의 수행능력을 개선하고, 친수지구에 대한 침수도표 및 침수정보 등의 홍수정보를 실시간으로 제공함으로써 홍수로 인한 피해를 최소화할 수 있도록 하였다. 또한 침수예측모형 및 홍수정보제공시스템을 구축하고 이를 검증 및 보완하여 공간 홍수예보를 실현함으로써 홍수예보 모형의 정확도 및 활용성을 향상시켰다는 점에서 의미가 있다. 더불어 본 연구의 결과는 하천업무 담당자의 업무추진 효율성이 증대가 되고, 공간홍수예보 실현으로 친수지구를 이용하는 국민의 안전이 담보될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
• /
• v.11 no.4
• /
• pp.311-317
• /
• 2011

The aim of this analysis was to investigate the relationship between the level of safety behavior and the level of oral health behavior among Korean children. Data used in this analysis were from the 2005 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). A representative sample of 4,292 children aged from three to eleven years who completed both health interview and health behavior survey. Simple and multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted. All analyses were weighted and SAS 9.1 survey data analysis procedures were used to estimate standard errors accounting for the complex sampling design of the KNHANES. More than seventy percent of children did not keep general safety behaviors except seat on back seat in a car. About seventy five percent of children had experience of preventive oral care during last one year, but about fifty six percent of children brush their teeth twice a day. Socioeconomic status and health behaviors were significantly related in three to six old age group only (p<.05). Generally significant relationship was not found between general safety and oral health behaviors. Among Korean children, general safety and oral health behaviors might be not related each other. Education for general safety behaviors should be underlined for all children. Especially preschool-children with low socioeconomic status need to be educated for healthy behaviors.

• Proceedings of the KAIS Fall Conference
• /
• 2011.12b
• /
• pp.417-420
• /
• 2011

본 논문에서는 자전거의 구동 및 변속 창치인 스프라켓에 관한 연구이다. FEM을 이용하여 티타늄 소재 스프라켓의 구조해석을 수행하기 위해 10단 Cassette를 설계하였고, 사용자가 가장 많이 사용하는 단수인 4, 5, 6단을 티타늄 소재로 선정하였다. 티타늄 재료의 물성치를 실험을 통해 확보하였으며, 이를 이용하여 티타늄 스프라켓의 각 치형에 걸리는 Equivalent Stress를 구하였고 스프라켓 고정장치인 스파이더와의 체결 후의 Equivalent Stress를 구하여 티타늄 스프라켓의 안정성을 확보한다.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.17 no.3
• /
• pp.622-628
• /
• 2016

As the suction pad-supporting bike carrier attached to a car may be subject to an excessive dynamic load due to random vibrations and centrifugal forces during driving, its structural safety is of great concern. To examine this, the finite-element method with a fluid-structure interaction should be used because the pressure on the pad bottom is changed in real time according to the fluctuations of the force or the moment applied on the pad. This method, however, has high computing costs in terms of modeling efforts and software expense. Moreover, the accuracy of computation is not easily guaranteed. Therefore, a new method combining the experiment and computation is proposed in this paper: the bottom pressure and contact area of the pad under varying loads was measured in real time and the acquired data are then used in the nonlinear elastic finite-element calculations. The computational and experimental results obtained with the product under development showed that the safety margin of the pad under the axial loading is relatively sufficient, whereas with an excessive rotational loading, the pad is vulnerable to separation or a local surface damage; hence, the safety margin may not be secured. The predicted contact behavior under the variation of the magnitude and type of the loading were in good agreement with the one from the experiment. The proposed analysis method in this study could be used in the design of similar vacuum pad systems.