• The Journal of Korean Philosophical History
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• no.32
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• pp.43-78
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• 2011

The two schools which eventually came to form the "Northerners party" in the middle period of the Joseon dynasty, were Nam'myeong school and Hwadam school. Nam'myeong's philosophy, which emphasized the importance and merit of acting upon respect and righteousness(敬義), encouraged many people to organize righteous militias during the war with the Japanese in the 1590s, and when Jeong In-hong established himself as the leader of the Northerners party during the reign of King Gwang'hae-gun, the philosophy of the party and the school continued to thrive. Also, Hwadam's philosophy, which tried to understand Neo-Confucianism from a flexible point of view and demonstrated a level of openness toward it, had a considerable influence upon the Northerners school as well. It seems Nam'myeong Jo Shik and Hwadam Seo Gyeong-deok were the ones who ultimately enabled the Northerners party to be more active in their operations of the government and also to approach more freely toward the ideology of Neo-Confucianism. Prime examples of the party's stance and attitude, and also of the school's philosophy and perception of the world, were figures like Jeong In-hong and Heo Gyun from the 'Majority Northerners(大北) party,' and Kim Shin-guk and Nam I-gong from the 'Minority Northerners(小北) party.'Since the time of King Injo's ascension to the throne in 1623, the philosophical society of Joseon came to be occupied by schools who were deeply committed and dedicated to the teachings of Ju Hi and his Neo-Confucianism, such as the Twe'gye and Yulgok schools, and as a result the Northerners' philosophy was pushed away from its former formidable status. Their political philosophy was also partially responsible for their fall, as they believed only them were the ideal Confucian figures(君子黨), and never appreciated the stances of other political factions. In the middle of the 17th century, passing through a war with the Manchurian Qing dynasty as well, they further became a mere undercurrent. Yet their thinking and philosophy partially survived, as it managed to affect and influence the Southerner school scholars who were living in the vicinity of the capital in the mid and late 17th century, as well as the "Shilhak" scholars such as Yi Ik/李瀷 in the 18th century, on a certain level. The Northerners faction was a party and a school which led the political and philosophical societies of Joseon, alongside the Westerners and Southerners, in the middle period of the Joseon dynasty. Recently, studies of Jo Shik and Seo Gyeong-deok, figures who were the roots of the Northerners faction, and studies of how the Northerners' political philosophy was inherited to the following generations, have been published and announced. All these efforts will enrich future studies dealing with the political history and philosophical history of the middle and latter periods of the Joseon dynasty.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.113-121
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• 2013

In this paper, simulations were carried out to determine the efficiency of the rotation efficiency according to the draft of waterwheel in open rectangular channel. In the small hydroelectric generators to get the highest efficiency of waterwheel is very important. But the presence of various elements(free water surface flow, non-uniform velocity distribution because of the waterways wall friction etc) makes it difficult to create a mathematical formula. In this paper, we made a scale model and perform a physical simulation where the draft, gradient and flux is variable. Scale modelling with 10-step draft, 3-step gradients and 2-step flux, as well were constructed then computerized automatic experimental system were configured to acquire the rotational efficiency vs. draft of itself. Rotational efficiency is analyzed as for the draft of waterwheel using the acquired data by varying the gradient and flux of canal. Reviewing the analyzed data, it is confirmed that phenomena of efficiency shown at previous and present experiment is similar and revealed that computerized system shows more sophisticated numerical figures.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.506-514
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• 2014

Recently the interest about the vortex intakes are rapidly increased because of its performance to drain a plenty of collected storm water at a time. The tangential intake a kind of vortex intakes is very applicable because this type is very simple and little against other types, but it has a big weakness that the vortex flow is not been rarely created below the design discharge. In this study, the characteristics of a tangential intake and two kinds of a newly suggested compound section type intake are analyzed by the 3D numerical modeling based on theories about the control shift and free drainage condition. The analysis focused on the flow condition, flow surface formation, depth-discharge relation, area ratio of air core. Based on this study, the mild-sloped compound section type intake is the optimal, but steep-sloped compound section type is also the optional for the small design discharge.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.105-110
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• 2020

This study provides a method and data for predicting the flight initiation wind speed of wind-borne debris. From the force equilibrium acting on debris including aerodynamic and inertia forces, the equation for predicting the flight initiation wind speeds are presented. Wind tunnel tests were carried out to provide necessary aerodynamic data in the equation for the debris with various aspect ratios. The proposed equation for flight initiation wind speeds was validated from free flying tests in the wind tunnel. The flights of debris were mostly initiated by slip when width to thickness was less than 10, otherwise overturning were dominant. The actual flight initiation speeds were lower than that of the computed ones. The surface boundary layer flow and the gap between the debris and surface might affect the prediction error.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.9 no.12
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• pp.253-260
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• 2009

Gold stock could include the U.K. in the European economy by the alternative plan of the problems that it was occurred while nationalizing industry and a company for economic recovery and national profit after the World War Ⅱ and it was wide and came to open in the country of European most. However, the negation was sentenced to it for the reason of the gold stock which the U.K. adopted in European many countries infringing "freedom of the capital movement" at a European court of law. However, I consider gold stock positively to protect it from hostile M&A of the company of the national strategy from the Middle East and an Asian national rich fund recently in France and Germany. If our country looks straight at reality, Urstatut or the agreement of the majority stockholder have a very strict matter assuming the protection of the existing shareholder and must be able to gain the favor if you look by the flow of such world economy.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.34 no.12
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• pp.9-17
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• 2006

An experimental study was carried out to examine the behavior of the unsteady boundary layer. An NACA 0012 airfoil with aspect ratio of 2.7 was set vertically in a test section, which is sinusoidally pitched about the quarter chord. The oscillating amplitude is from -6$^{\circ}$ to +6$^{\circ}$ and the mean angle of attack is 0$^{\circ}$. Surface mounted probes (Glue-on probes) were employed to measure the surface flow of the boundary layer. Measurements were made at free-stream velocities of 1.98, 2.83, and 4.03m/s, and the corresponding Reynolds numbers based on the chord length were 2.3$\times$104, 3.3$\times$104 and 4.8$\times$104, respectively. The reduced frequency is fixed as 0.1 in all cases. The results show that the surface position of minimum shear stress and of boundary layer break-down can be discerned in the Reynolds number between 2.3$\times$104 and 3.3$\times$104.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.342-348
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• 2017

In this paper, film cooling characteristics at supersonic free stream conditions were examined experimentally by applying an IR-thermography. Film cooling experiments were carried out in a free-jet facility at Mach number of 3.0 and with unit Reynolds number of $42.53{\times}10^6$ and $69.35{\times}10^6$ using wedge shaped film cooling model which has a converging film cooling nozzle. Film cooling efficiency was calculated by measuring the surface temperature of PEEK(Polyether Ether Ketone) and the effects of angle of attack and blowing ratios on the film cooling efficiency were examined. The measured wall temperature was significantly reduced by the film cooling flow compared with the results without the film cooling flow. The usefulness of film cooling was also confirmed by the surface heat flux calculated using the surface temperature history of PEEK. As the blowing ratio increases the protected area of PEEK was also expanded along the direction of free stream and film cooling flow.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.1259-1263
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• 2008

인천청라 경제자유구역내의 중앙호수공원을 대상으로 100년빈도 홍수시 Off-Line저류지로써 횡월류부에 가동보 설치에 따른 공촌천 홍수조절효과를 분석하였다. 서해조위 및 배수갑문 운영 등의 다양한 변수를 고려해야 하는 본 하천의 특성상 흐름상태의 시 공간적 변화를 고려하고 Off-Line 저류지 해석에 있어 실제 지형을 충분히 반영할수 있는 HEC-RAS 부정류 해석을 수행하였다. 부정류 모의 시 가동보의 도복을 합리적으로 검토 하기 위해 도복발생 시간을 기준으로 2단계에 걸쳐 부정류 모의를 수행하였다. 즉, 1단계에서 호수공원 횡월류 Weir높이를 가동보 높이로 고정하고 부정류 모의를 수행하여 공촌천의 호수공원 횡월류부 지점의 수위가 가동보 높이와 같아지는 시간을 찾고, 2단계에서 그 시간을 기준으로 호수공원 횡월류 Weir높이를 가동보가 없을 때의 높이로 부정류 모의를 수행하여 공촌천의 내수위를 검토하였으며, 가동보가 설치되지 않았을 때의 결과와 비교하여 가동보 설치에 따른 홍수조절효과를 분석하였다. 본 연구방법에서 검토된 공촌천 내수위의 적정성을 검토하기 위하여 배수갑문 운영에 따른 수위 변화를 모의 할 수 있는 Gate 모형으로 공촌천 하류의 배수갑문 지점에 대한 내수위를 산정하였으며, 하천 상류구간의 배수영향을 HEC-RAS를 이용한 부등류 모의를 추가적으로 수행하여 본 연구방법의 결과와 비교 검토하였다. 공촌천의 내수위 비교를 통한 홍수조절효과 분석결과 $2{\sim}3cm$ 정도의 홍수조절 효과가 있는 것으로 분석되었으며, 본 연구에서 제안한 방법이 가동보 설치에 따른 홍수조절효과분석 시 적용이 가능하리라 판단된다.

• 한국사회복지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.377-388
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• 2003

본 연구에서는 여성복지정책 개념이 갖는 지향성에 따라 노무현 정부 여성복지정책과 김대중 정부 여성복지정책을 비교함으로써 노무현 정부 여성복지정책의 성격 규명을 시도하였다. 부녀복지정책에서 여성복지정책으로 개념이 진일보한 1990년대 이후 여성복지정책은 일반 여성을 대상으로 한 정책이라는 막연한 이미지 전달을 시도하였다. 그러나 이같은 여성복지정책 개념은 여성복지정책이 추구하는 사회적 기능의 회복, 인간다운 삶 등이 무엇을 의미하는지 추상적인 나열을 하는 데 그침으로써 성차별 문제를 희석시키는 한계를 보인다. 따라서 김대중 정부 이후 대중적 차원에서 자리매김을 확고히해 가고 있는 여성복지정책의 성격이 좁은 의미에서 복지 문제와 넓은 의미에서 성차별 문제 중 어느쪽에 비중을 두면서 변화해 가고 있는지 혹은 변화해 가야 하는지 등에 대만 분석과 전망을 제대로 제시할 수 없는 제한점을 갖는다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 사회복지정책의 한 영역으로서 '여성복지'를 보는 여성복지정책과 '여성정책'의 한 영역으로서 '여성복지'를 보는 여성복지정책의 차원에서 김대중 정부와 노무현 정부 여성복지정책에 대한 논의를 전개하였다. 김대중 정부 출범 이후 여성복지정책의 변화 양상은 어떠한가? 여성복지정책과 여성복지정책 중 어떤 차원으로의 변화가 두드러진다고 볼 수 있나? 김대중 정부 여성복지정책 기조가 노무현 정부에서 계승되는 양상은 어떠한가? 노무현 정부 여성복지정책 기조는 여성복지정책과 여성복지정책 중 어느 것이 될 것인가? 김대중 정부 출범 이후 사회보험을 중심으로 일어난 변화는 여성복지정책이 전통적인 부녀복지정책 개념에서 탈피하는 양상을 잘 보여주고 있다고 알 수 있다. 또한 여성의 소득 수준 향상 등 여성복지정책적 측면에서 변화를 관찰할 수 있다. 그러나 여성복지정책적 성격을 드러낼 만큼 여성복지정책이 성차별 문제 해소에 중점을 두었다고 보기는 어렵다. 게다가 공공부조에서는 성차별 문제나 복지 문제 중 어느 것에 초점을 둔 정책 방향의 일관성을 발견하기 힘들다. 대통령 공약 사항을 중심으로 살펴본 노무현 정부 여성복지정책은 사회보험 대상자 확대라는 측면에서 여성복지정책적 차원의 단초를 보이고 있으니, 정색 기조는 김대중 정부의 여성복지정책 흐름을 계승하고 있다. 그러나 노무현 정부 출범 이후 관찰할 수 있는 정색 환경의 변화로서 여성부 기능 강화와 급격한 인구학적 변동을 고려할 때 정책 추진 주체 변화를 전제로 한 여성복지정책 강화를 예측해 볼 수 있다.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.7 no.12
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• pp.55-65
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• 2007

The commercial value of the Korean animation was developed by the government's policies of revitalizing reform and national harmony from 1960 to the middle of 1980. Especially, the character of the anti communistic animation was organized by the structure of confrontation between South (good) and North (evil). The confrontation was viewed by communism and liberal democracy by red and white (or blue) and a pig or a boy. Such ideology and the policy of Korean culture gave some impact on its culture, for example, movie and animation. The animation became the tool of educating the idea of anti-communism and the policy of Korean culture by firming the policy of anti communism. But that animation of anti communism must not be blamed because it is a general animation of Korea which describes the reality. We have to take a hard view of the time and reconsider it by the new point of view.