• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.12
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• pp.712-721
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• 2017

Recently, the intensity and frequency of floods has increasing worldwide, and flood disasters have become a big problem. Flood disasters, which account for the largest portion of disasters, are floods accompanied by typhoons and localized heavy rainfall. As a result, they cause damage of levee overtopping, in which the water level of a river rises to the levee crown. Therefore, countermeasures are essential and necessary because of the damage to the facility itself as well as to life and other property. The damage magnitude depends on the collapse of the levee. A levee that is difficult to collapse will reduce the discharge inland significantly. Accordingly, the protection of the inland slope, where the collapse of the levee is initiated, is one of the most important countermeasures In this study, revetments with various porosity and forms were suggested and hydraulic experiments were carried out for each type. The hydraulic experiments showed that the stability of a revetment in an inland slope is strongly correlated with the weight per unit area of the revetment. The relationship between the critical velocity, which is the velocity at the moment of leaving the revetment, and the weight per unit area was derived. Through this study, by applying the nature friendly revetment, which has not yet been applied to Korea, it is expected that life and property damage caused by levee overtopping during flooding can be reduced, and a nature friendly river space can be constructed.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.192-199
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• 2013

The Tandong-cheon stream is a 7.4 km long small urban stream that passes through Daeduk Science Town in Daejeon Korea. Despite the stream has great potential as an educational and recreational site due to its central location in the science town and science museums nearby, environmental aspect especially for water quality has not been evaluated properly. Through field survey, major pollution sources of the stream were identified and effect of water quality improvement alternatives were evaluated using a QUAL2K water quality model for the stream. The study indicated that controlling major pollution sources of the stream alone may not be sufficient for reaching the water quality target. Therefore, additional pollution control methods are necessary. We applied the developed model to evaluate the effects of a constructed wetland on the terrace land, and analyzed whether the water quality target can be met at the outlet of the stream. It is expected that this study would provide a good reference for environmentally sound management of small urban streams in Korea.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.419-425
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• 2009

Recently, the number of shallow tunnel construction increases to improve the structural safety and environment-friendliness. In Semi-Cut and Cover Method, ground is excavated to the crown arch level and braced rib arch is set to backfill before the excavation of lower face. Semi-Cut and Cover Method is proposed to solve the problems occurred by the conventional Cut and Cover Method, such as unstability, high-cost and the large cutting slope to be reinforced. In this paper, the behaviors of Braced Rib Arch in shallow tunnel excavated by semi-cut and cover method was studied. Model tests in 1:10 Scale were performed in real construction sequences. The distance between supports of rib arch was 1.8 m and the length of spacer was 1.0 m. the size of test pit was 4.0 m (width)$\times$3.3 m (length) 4.0 m (height) in dimension. Tests results show that backfill load acting on arch was smaller than that in the conventional Open-Cut Method.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.40-49
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• 2023

To reduce the damage of extreme flooding caused by climate change and to create flood mitigation sections in a nature-friendly riparian area, it is necessary to restore the floodplain area by referring to the past floodplain section of the current inland waterfront area before the levee was built. This study proposed a method of selecting a location for floodplain restoration using old maps of the Geum River study section and analyzed the effect of flood level reduction through unsteady flow numerical simulations using the floodplain as a flood mitigation space. As a result of analyzing changes in the river areas using old maps, the river section was estimated to gradually reduce by 27.8% (1,059,380 m²) in 2020 compared to 1919, and it was found to have an effective storage capacity of 2,200,868 m³ when restored to offline storage. The flood level and discharge control effects analyzed based on HEC-RAS unsteady flow simulation were 16 cm and 219.01 m³/s, respectively, in the downstream cross-section. In the numerical simulation in this paper, the flood mitigation space was applied as an offline reservoir. The effect of reducing the flood level may differ if levee retreat/relocation is applied.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.36-47
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• 2017

In this research, sematic comparative study on formative idea and landscape elements composition was made between Soswaewon which was a remote villa garden in Joseon Dynasty and Canglang Pavilion which was built at a time when Neo-confucianism had been created in Song dynasty. From which the summary was resulted as below: Firstly, Soswaewon was fully devoted to Neo-confucianism among Korean remote villa gardens, Canglang-Pavilion was deeply affiliated with Neo-confucianism the deep-rooted thought. Adding a comment, as a richly historied Chinese private garden it was the best preserved even now and the farmost point from now and approximately 500 years advanced than Soswaewon, moreover Sosunheum the builder belonged to gentry society in Song dynasty. Secondly, Both Soswaewon and Canglang-Pavilion were remarkable thank to nature friendly concept which was deeply rooted in the eremitic thought(隱逸思想). Most of all, it might be interpreted the location of Soswaewon lay down in a mountain, as to be swallow hidden(小隱) but that of Canglang-Pavilion lay down in a city, as to be middle hidden(中隱). Thirdly, approaching with comparative study to gardens' factors implicated in symbolization when naming both Soswaewon and Canglang-Pavilion, neo-confucianism in Song dynasty in which diverse thoughts ranging Confucianism and Buddhism and Taoism had formed ensemble and developed was deeply built in Soswaewon, as to be in consistency to nature and to be a basis for comprehending diverse symbolization factors found in Canglang-Pavilion. Fourthly, given that forms or factors of gardens was tangibly came up with thoughts' variation we surely underwent to comparative study. Through which we could know Soswaewon was made by maximizing use of nature but minimizing addition of artificial things. In other words, it was trial of expressing semantic feature of the site in a way blending natural circumstance and liberal one. One of the representatives, Daebongdae in Soswaewon was a site where the owner's idea came up with. Scenary was recreated and nature was represented in interspace of Canglang-Pavilion with the high wall around the border, for which it renounced the world. To the end, it was understood there was the location characteristic of Canglang-Pavilion which let us look down from mountain and take some time for introspection. It might be said that the cultural root was in common between Korea and China, however it was found there were lots of differences in forms and features of gardens. We were able to interpret that social and cultural background were led to gardens' formation in which individual characteristic of two nations were blended, from which difference was resulted.

• Journal of Service Research and Studies
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.37-47
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• 2024

Currently, social interest in post-cremation funerals is growing due to the establishment of cremation culture. In addition, as awareness of nature-friendly funeral methods spreads in modern times, the demand for tree burial grounds and tree groves, which are representative natural burial methods, is increasing. However, if the current method of relying on trees is used, the forest burial may damage the forest and turn it into another cemetery. The tree decoration is a funeral method that contains the temporal meaning of humans returning to the space of nature that we have, and the philosophical meaning that humans return in compliance with nature. Like this, there are quite a few concerns. Even though tree burials are not the traditional burial facilities we are familiar with, many of the facilities and operating systems adopt the standards of park cemeteries and have stricter standards and restrictions than natural burials under the law. This rigidity is intended to preserve the forest, but the reality is that it limits the expansion and operation of tree plantations. To this end, this study seeks to find specific improvement measures for sustainable tree plantation operation. To this end, we look at the types of natural fields in foreign countries and find directions for tree planting that can be effectively applied and established in accordance with the sentiments of the people. Specific improvement measures include an enshrinement method that does not rely on memorial trees, the operation of anonymous or anonymous tree planting, a change in the method of visiting and commemorating, and various mountaineering methods, thereby suggesting alternatives to sustainable tree planting in Korea. The place where tree planting is implemented is the forest, that is, the forest itself. I should be a place where the spirit of natural return, which is the essence of the deceased, can be celebrated through the forest, not a funeral facility. By doing so, it will be possible to provide the public value of the forest, that is, the social function of the forest, in the name of an eco-friendly funeral service.

• Proceedings of the KAIS Fall Conference
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• 2009.12a
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• pp.363-366
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• 2009

환경부는 2000년대에 들어 수질오염총량관리제의 정책 도입으로 하천과 호소의 수질개선에 노력을 기울이고 있으며, 개발사업과 관련된 비점오염원에서의 비점오염물질 관리를 요구하고 있다. 포장율이 높은 토지이용 변경사업, 즉 교량, 도로, 고속도로 등의 개발 사업은 특히 비점오염원 관리를 요구하고 있다. 그러나 현재 국내에 적용되고 있는 비점오염저감시설은 대부분 소규모 장치형 시설이며, 유지관리가 어렵고 저감효율이 낮은 단점이 있다. 최근에는 장치형 시설보다 생태친화적인 기능을 가지며 녹색 및 생태축 연결이 가능한 자연형 시설을 적용하는 방향으로 정책이 변화하고 있다. 이러한 조건과 더불어 기후변화에 능동적으로 대응하기 위해서는 교량의 경우 소규모 인공습지를 조성하여 녹색축 연결, 비점오염원 관리가 바람직하다. 따라서 본 연구는 도로와 교량의 녹색축을 연결하고 비점오염물질을 저감할 수 있는 소규모 HSSF 인공습지를 개발하고자 한다. 본 연구를 통해 개발된 소규모 HSSF 인공습지는 입자상 오염물질 제거를 위한 침강지, 용존성 및 미립자의 제거를 위한 습지부로 구성되어 있으며, 녹색축 및 생태공간 확보를 위한 습지의 식생부분이 존재하고 있다. 특히 본 기술은 교량내에서 처리하는 site control 방식으로 외부 유도를 통한 처리기술이 아니기에 비용경제적으로 효율성을 가지고 있다.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.29-45
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• 1999

This study reviewed theories on entrepreneurial local governance and inquired the changing regional policy in Chonnam region. The region became exposure as the direct investment unit of global capital by globalization of capital, the inter-regional competition and the relative reduction of the role and function of nation state. Therefore local government have the relative autonomy and the region is effected as the chosen space by capital according to the free movement of capital. It has been argued that there has been a reorientation of urban governance away from the local provision of welfare and services to a more outward-orientated stance designed to foster and encourage local growth and economic development. These profound changes in the way that cities operate have seen the public sector taking over characteristics once distinctive to the private sector leading many commentators to term such modes of governance as entrepreneurial. In Chonnam region, many local governments are introducing entrepreneurial policies for regional development. It appears as place marketing strategy to attract capital and tourists. This strategy is very important to used identity or culture of region in order to make the attractive region. The entrepreneurial characteristics and strategies appear as image unification of region, commodity development of natural or cultural resource, event and business projects. From this point of view, the entrepreneurial policy that is based upon regional growth can cause the problem of social justice like distributional distortion and inequality.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.799-806
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• 2017

The potential use of modified clays in the adsorption of vapor phase benzene and toluene was investigated. The modified clays OC-CPC, IOC, and Al-PILC were prepared for comparative purposes and were characterized using infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and X-ray diffraction. It was confirmed the intercalation of the aluminium pillar in IOC and Al-PILC, as well as the introduction of cetylpyridinium. The adsorption studies showed a great affinity of benzene and toluene for OC-CPC due to the hydrophobic character that resulted and also to the increase in the interlaminar distance. IOC showed a lower affinity for the benzene and toluene, followed by Al-PILC. Natual clay had no affinity for benzene and toluene due to its hydrophilic nature. Clay materials having a laminar structure can be chemically modified, changing their physiochemical characteristics, such as interlaminar distance, surface area, pore size, and chemical affinity. In this study, it was focused on obtaining modified clays to be used for the adsorption of volatile organic chemicals.

• Sijohaknonchong
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• v.25
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• pp.175-209
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• 2006

This study focuses on Korean-American writer Hong-Eun$(1880{\sim}1951)'s$ American travel gasaes and sis who played an active role under the rule of Japanese imperialism. This study also investigates Hong-Eun's experience and expression on American travel and culture and discusses his changes in stream of consciousness. According to American travel sigaes which were published in the New Koren Times in 1936. 1937, and 1949, his consciousness can be summarized as follows. First travel siga depicts his inner conflict as a refugee who lost one's home country. That is to say. by observing Indians' losing identity and their miserable labor conditions, he developed his own critical eyes on American society. Eventually he missed his country desperately and sought for the ways of his returning there. Second travel sijo reveals his own agony about not be able to return his home country where he could Possibly visit. In other words, after suffering from his agony, it is evident that he started to take positive attitude towards American society and establish his own identity. Based upon Hong-Eun's changes in consciousness as a writer, the researcher hypothesizes that there exists Diaspora-Consciousness in his work. His consciousness is strongly related with his attitude towards his home country whether it Is positive or vice versa. When his home country declared her independence. his attitude towards immigrant society was positively changed, which was quite contradictory from his previous one. In this transition period, not only he accepted American ideology and life, but he re-conceptualized them as a Korean mode. In sum, Hong-Eun's mental traces lie on the core of hybrid and diaspora which Post-Colonial literature values highly of.