• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2019.05a
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• pp.209-209
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• 2019

저영향개발기법은 자연의 물순환에 미치는 영향을 최소로 하여 개발하는 것을 의마하며 개발로 인한 토지, 물, 대기에 미치는 영향을 경감시키기 위한 친생태적인 우수관리 혹은 토지개발기법을 의미한다. 국내에서는 2012년부터 가이드라인 및 매뉴얼을 제작하여 신도시개발 및 구도시의 환경사업에서 저영향개발기법을 적용하여 우수유출 저감 및 비점오염원 감소, 물순환 등을 환경적 이점이 나타나고 있다. 그러나 국내에서 적용하는 저영향개발기법은 미국 및 유럽의 시설구조를 적용하였으므로, 국내실정에 맞도록 저영향개발기법을 수정 보완하여 유출저감효과를 모의해보고자 한다. 강우발생시 고농도의 도시비점오염원은 차도 및 보도를 중심으로 유출되어 빗물받이를 거쳐 우수관으로 유입된다. 본 연구에서는 차도와 보도 사이의 식수대에 적용가능하도록 식생수로와 침투도랑을 연계한 식생도랑을 설치하여 도로에서 발생하는 고농도의 비점오염원을 저감하고자 하였다. 선행사례로 적용된 공공청사를 대상으로 모니터링 및 모델링을 실시하여 유출저감 및 비점오염원 저감효과를 검토하고, 식생도랑을 적용할 경우의 유출저감효과 및 비점오염저감효과와 비교검토하여 국내실정에 맞는 저영향개발기법을 개발하고자 한다.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2010

Natural convection heat transfer rates in a vertical pipe were measured for $Gr_H$ number from 2.1x$10^6$ to 1.2x$10^9$. Using the analogy concept, heat transfer experiments were replaced by mass transfer experiments. A cupric acid - copper sulfate ($H_2SO_4-CuSO_4$) electroplating system was adopted as the mass transfer system and the mass transfer rates were measured. Comparison of the results with the existing laminar and turbulent natural convection heat transfer correlations on a vertical plate showed very good agreements except for the high $Gr_H$ case, where the boundary layer inside the vertical pipe interferes. The agreements showed the usefulness of the analogy experiment method. Using 3 different anode size and 6 different geometrical configurations, the effects of the anode size and position were explored. As expected, the anode size and position do not affect the limiting currents for most cases. These results will be used as the experimental background for the positioning and sizing of the anodes for a more complex experiment.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.686-700
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• 2003

In Korea, aside from their official administrative names, aliases of each province or some regions are widely used not only today but also during the Joseon period when the provincial system as local administrative system was firmly implemented. Of aliases, the most representative were Giho, Gwandong, Hoseo, Haeseo, Honam, Yaeongnam, Gwanseo, and Gwanbuk representing the eight provinces (precisely, Gyeonggi and seven provinces) of Chosun Dynasty, as well as Yeongdong and Yeongseo that represent the east and the west of Gangwon-do. These aliases are mostly based on topographical features and physiographical elements, and compared to the official names of eight provinces which depended solely on city names. Of aliases, some appeared in literature during 13-l4th centuries, and all provincial aliases seem to have been widely used after the late 15th century. Aliases continued to be used for 500 to over 700 years. Aliases of eight provinces, geographically, played not lesser role than their official names. Aliases of the eight provinces and regions during the Chosun Dynasty that have been handed down are considered as holding their places' cultural and historical backgrounds, and have become important enough to be accepted as a unit of geographical regional division. The origin and meaning of aliases of each province have been partially disclosed to the geographical circle and the general public. However, the details should be reviewed. First of all, Gwan in Gwanbuk, Gwanseo and Gwandong, as well as Yeong in Yeongnam, Yeongdong and Yeongseo, are each considered as meaning Sobaek Mountain Range and Taebaek Mountain Range with many borderline areas (borders) and military strategic hubs. Also, Ho in Honam, Hoseo, and Giho, are considered as based on the Geum River and Eurimji, and Haeseo are considered as meaning the west of the Gyeonggi Bay, and having relevancy with the first letters of Haeju and Seoha (Pungcheon).

• Sijohaknonchong
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• v.20
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• pp.29-50
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• 2004

When we discuss the literature of traditional era in view of ecological mode, Saseol sijo and its common writers were not objects of interests because they were thought only as having the view of the world or nature the same as the noble class and their normal sijo writings had. Also the living things in Saseol sijo were not paid attention to. They were ignored and degraded because they were unfittable and unnatural poetic diction, or they were nonpoetic results of objects. Any critics could not recognize the breathing things as 'the living ones' or 'the subjective things' in the text. In Saseol sijo, the appearance of experienced, substantial and usual animals attract our interest, which is a clue to compare the noble class' sijo with having the ideal and imaginary living things. This study discussed the writer's view and recognition of 'the living things' in Saseol sijo. In this essay 'the living things' mean living and moving creatures. First 'the living things' in Saseol sijo were the creatures of daily life and experience. They were not ideal or dreamy creatures any longer to the writers of Saseol sijo. In Saseol sijo it's possible for creatures which ecological symbiosis cannot be made to appear together. On the contrary there are texts which had outstanding recognition of 'the living things' that were accustomed to the human life. The writers of Saseol sijo understood 'the living things' as creatures familiar to human beings. Their warm and affectionate eyes toward the creatures made 'the living things' the objects of identification and sympathy. There are some works which were complicated with love and hatred toward 'the living things'. In conclusion, the life of Saseol sijo writers were the same as the symbiosis with the living creatures.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.204-211
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to provide basic data for setting environmental design standards for domestic greenhouses. We conducted experiments on thermal environment measurement at two commercial greenhouses where hot water heating system is adopted. We analyzed heat transfer characteristics of hot water heating pipes and heat emission per unit length of heating pipes was presented. The average air temperature in two greenhouses was controlled to $16.3^{\circ}C$ and $14.6^{\circ}C$ during the experiment, respectively. The average water temperature in heating pipes was $52.3^{\circ}C$ and $45.0^{\circ}C$, respectively. Experimental results showed that natural convection heat transfer coefficient of heating pipe surface was in the range of $5.71{\sim}7.49W/m^2^{\circ}C$. When the flow rate in heating pipe was 0.5m/s or more, temperature difference between hot water and pipe surface was not large. Based on this, overall heat transfer coefficient of heating pipe was derived as form of laminar natural convection heat transfer coefficient in the horizontal cylinder. By modifying the equation of overall heat transfer coefficient, a formula for calculating the heat emission per unit length of hot water heating pipe was developed, which uses pipe size and temperature difference between hot water and indoor air as input variables. The results of this study were compared with domestic and foreign data, and it was found to be closest to JGHA data. The data of NAAS, BALLS and ASHRAE were judged to be too large. Therefore, in order to set up environmental design standards for domestic greenhouses, it is necessary to fully examine those data through further experiments.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.97-104
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• 2002

In most mammals, mature oocyte-cumulus complexer(OCCs) ovulate into the oviduct where fertilization by sperm takes place. However, the complex that fail to fertilize eventually undergoes degeneration while they reside in the oviduct. Yet there is no blown mechanism how both oocyte and cumulus cells degenerate. Using human follicular fluid (hFF), bovine oviductal tissue extract (BOX) and mouse OCC, the present study aimed to find how the oviduct influence the viability of the oocyte and cumulus cells in vitro. There was no difference of oocyte maturation rate between the control and BOX-treated groups. However, there was a significant difference in the survival of cumulus cells between two groups. Cumulus cells cultured in the presence of hFF alone underwent initially expansion and then they formed monolayer in the culture dish. Even after 72 hr, they proliferated well and showed fibroblast-like morphology. Cumulus cells cultured in the presence of both hFF and BOX also expanded after 24 hr, however, after 72 hr culture, they eventually detached and degenerated. Cumulus cells cultured in the BOX alone gave a similar drastic result. When the cumulus cells cultured in the presence of BOX were stained with DAPI, their nuclei showed partial condensation and fragmentation. After detailed analysis of these cells by TUNEL assay, many nuclei of them exhibited well stained spots indicating the signs of apoptosis. Based upon these observations, it is suggested that BOX might possess a factor that leads mouse cumulus cells to undergo apoptosis in vitro.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.69
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• pp.45-82
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• 2017

This paper aims at concrete examination of the 'Official Road(官路)' of the late Joseon Dynasty through government administration of the 17th - 18th century 'Junsangseo(典牲署)'. Until now, the study of the central political system in the Joseon Dynasty was mainly studied by the politically important bureaucrat 'Dangsanggwan(堂上官)', and even if he studied the 'Official Road(官路)', he was a student from the a graduate of Mungwa(文科) and the 'Clean and imfortant Official(淸要職)' connected with it It was examined mainly. As a result, this research attempts to elucidate the routes of 'non - Clean and imfortant Official(非淸要職)' who have not been studied so far. However, it is difficult to deal with all the 'lower officials(參下官)' reaching 263 in total, so it was targeted at the 'Junsangseo(典牲署)' where the 'List of official(先生案)' exists in the 17th - 18th century. In chapter 2, we examined the historical value of 'List of official(先生案)' and were able to secure the confidence of the materials. In Chapter 3, we specifically examined the origins of officials from the 'Junsangseo(典牲署)', the official route, and the occupation. As a result, the 'Junsangseo(典牲署)' 'lower officials(參下官)' was predominantly from the 'Munum(門蔭)'. In addition, I confirmed that I was stepping on a public road that roughly promoted one rank. The number of days in office has also been promoted satisfying the court occupation days. Although this is an analysis limited to 'Junsangseo(典牲署)', it seems that 'lower officials(參下官)' of 'Junsangseo(典牲署)' had gone through routes and routes that were roughly similar to the 'lower officials' of the main office. If we can assume this, we can understand the character of the late Joseon Dynasty 'lower officials(參下官)' by understanding the character of 'lower officials(參下官)' of 'Junsangseo(典牲署)'. To declare this, more case analysis is necessary, and it is necessary to convert a lot of 'List of official(先生案)' data scattered nationwide into DB.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.306-316
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of exposure to various children's drinks on the color stability of anterior primary teeth and different esthetic restorative materials clinically used in pediatric dentistry. Exfoliated maxillary primary central incisors that had been unaffected by caries were chosen as control group. Maxillary primary central incisor-shaped specimens made of strip crown and Nu-smile zirconia crowns were chosen as test groups. Polished strip resin crowns were additionally prepared to compare with unpolished strip resin crown. Each specimen and teeth were divided into 4 groups in which the test samples (n=5 each) were immersed in 4 different drinks (distilled water, cola, grape juice, jelly juice) for 6 days. In all 4 drink groups, all specimens generally showed increasing ${\Delta}E^*$ value (color difference) with time. Polished resin strip crown had higher ${\Delta}E^*$ value than the unpolished in cola, grape juice and jelly juice groups. ${\Delta}E^*$ value of zirconia crown in cola, grape juice and jelly juice groups were significantly different (p < 0.05). In conclusion, dietary control of children's drinks is required for preventing discoloration of restorative materials.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.88-97
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to identify the development and transition of the Original landscape(始景觀) of Oeam Village based on the landscape that changes over time and the relevant factors and the following summarizes the findings: First, Original landscape perceived by the ancestors of Korea was identified in the description of topography and landscape of Oeam Village mentioned in various literature such as "Oeamgi(巍巖記)" and topography was analyzed to identify that the natural waters that flew before Oeam Village was formed aligned with the artificial waterway inside the village. Second, the landscape of Oeam Village was classified by characterized events: (1) expansion of the tribal town of the Yi Family of Yean, (2) stagnancy where the villagers formed an organic relationship without much change to the landscape, (3) the biggest change to the landscape by national policies, and (4) preservation and use of tourism resources based on preservation of cultural heritage. Third, the center of village moved from the east of village to the west of village. In the past, the east of village provided agricultural functions for the development and expansion of village. The center later shifted to the entrance to the west of village under the influence of industrialization and tourism. Further studies would be necessary to clarify the authenticity of resources through additional literature for better understanding of the past of Oeam Village and the transition of the village's landscape elements and the comparison of their characteristics could be possible topics for future studies.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.51-61
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• 2016

New building methods are needed to aid increased inner-city redevelopment and industrial construction. A particular area of improvement is the efficient use of cut slopes, with the minimization of associated problems. A retaining wall of precast panels can resist the horizontal earth pressure by increasing the shear strength of the ground and reinforcing it through contact with the panels. Precast panels allow quick construction and avoid the problem of concrete deterioration. Other problems to be solved include the digging of borrow pits, the disposal of material cut from the slope, and degradation of the landscape caused by the exposed concrete retaining wall.This study suggest the methods of improvement of an existing precast panel wall system by changing the appearance of the panels to that of natural rock and improving the process of adhering the panel to a vertical slope. The panels were tested in the laboratory and in the field. The laboratory test verified their specific strength and behavior, and the field test assessed the panels' ground adherence at a vertical cutting. Reinforcement of the cutting slope was also measured and compared with the results of 3D numerical analysis. The results of laboratory test, identified that the shear bar increase the punching resistance of panel. And as a results of test construction, identified the construct ability and field applicability of the panel wall system adhered to in-situ ground. In addition to that, extended measurement and numerical analysis, identified the long-term stability of panel wall system adhered to in-situ ground.