• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.15-20
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• 2004

Pleurotus ostreatus, the oyster mushroom, is one of the most widely cultivated and important edible mushrooms in the world. In order to study the developmental process of P. ostreatus and its regulatory mechanism, a new culturing method needs to be established for inducing the fruiting body and sporulation in the laboratory. In this study, we have examined whether the fruiting body of P. ostreatus can be formed on the plastic petri dish which are commonly used for cell culture in the laboratory. The strain was cultured on $60{\times}15mm$ plastic petri dish with potato dextrose agar media at $28^{\circ}C$ for mycelial growth and then at $18^{\circ}C$ for the formation of primordia and fruiting bodies within plant growth chamber. The development of primordia into fruiting bodies was achieved on cultured dishes under air ventilation. At the primordia stage, the normal formation of fruiting body was blocked by sealing the plastic dish with parafilm. The periods requiring for the formation of primordia and fruiting bodies were examined on the dish culture. About 96% and 76% of cultured samples formed primordia and fruiting bodies under the optimal conditions during ten weeks of culture, respectively. These culturing periods, however, were changed by the mechanical injury treatment to mycelia. As other factors affecting the fruiting body formation, the effects of light and cold shock have been tested. No fruiting formation was observed on the cultured dishes under the dark. The cold shock treatment by storing cultured dishes for one day at $4^{\circ}C$ did not have any significant effects in the fruiting body formation. Spores of fruiting bodies acquired from the petri dishes could be germinated on culture media at $28^{\circ}C$. These results suggest that the fruiting bodies of P. ostreatus can be formed on the experimental petri dish and this dish-culturing method is useful for understanding of the developmental process of P. ostreatus in the laboratory. Furthermore, the dish-culturing method is able to shorten the life cycle of P. ostreatus without requiring large area and expensive device.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.79-84
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• 1991

Fruit bodies of Ganoderma lucidum have been used for most pharmacological studies, but pharmacological effects are likely variable because the habitats and strains of Ganoderma lucidum are different. Therefore, their fermentation is required to produce constant and reliable pharmacolo­gical constituents from Ganoderma lucidum. During the studies of medium for industrial application. it was found that ginseng root residues, remaining after being extracted with ethanol, were a good carbon source for a fermentation of Genoderma lucidum and a corn steep liquor was also economical for the nitrogen source. Yield of the mycelial cultured in ginseng root residues and corn steep liquor was 2.5 times higher than that in glucose and peptone, known as a conventional medium of Ganoderma lucidum. The polysaccharide content of the extracts from the cultured mycelia was higher than that from fruit bodies, but protein content was vice versa. Extracts of the cultured mycelia were more effective and lasting than extracts of the fruit bodies in decreased hypertention of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR).

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.107-116
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• 1994

Interorder somatic hybrids were obtained by protoplast fusion between Pleurotus ostreatus in the order Agaricales and Elfvingia applanata in the order Aphyllophorales. The fusants were classified into stable heterokaryons and spontaneously segregated heterokaryons. Hyphae of all fusion products except two strains did not form clamp connections. Out of them, two clamped and three clampless fusants produced mature fruiting bodies by light-dark cycle on sawdust rice bran medium. All of these basidiocarps had clamp connections. Three fusants were analysed with the distribution of progenies and segregation of genetic characters by random spore analyses. The genetic markers were shown to segregate and recombine in the first generation of monospores isolated from basidiocarps. Phenotypes of a large number of auxotrophic progenies were not detected in the two clamped fusants. The aberration ratio of segregants indicated the gene interaction resulting from different genome structure between distantly related species. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was adopted for the detection of somatic hybrids nuclear DNA. Four fusants showed a positive results in three kinds of primers. The prominent reaction products are represented by new bands in primer # 87 and # 125. Out of four fusants, two somatic hybrids had non-parental mtDNA patterns when digested with EcoR1 and HindIII. Comparison of somatic hybrids, tissue culture isolates(TC) and multispore germination isolates(MS) were made using esterase isozyme analysis. It is apparent that somatic hybrids had a minor banding patterns which are quite different from those of parents.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.55-64
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• 2000

Culture maturity assessment can be used to control fruiting body flush timing. Culture maturity of sawdust-based substrate was evaluated by using oak mushroom, (Lentinula edodes (Berk.) Pegler). The influence of substrate water potential (${\psi}$) on the growth and fruiting of three genotypes of L. edodes was also investigated. Glucosamine content revealed a peak at the fruiting body senescent stage. Glucosamine increased steadily to the sporophore senescent stage, and sharply declined at crop treatment. Lipid phosphate and ergosterol contents peaked at pinning and button break stages, respectively. Therefore lipid phosphate and ergosterol contents would be considered as the convenient measurement for judging culture maturity and fruiting potentials. The substrate pH values before inoculation and on the fruiting stage were varied from 6.3 to 4.0. This pH changes were detected as changes in color from bluish purple to yellow by direct bromphenol blue(BPB) spraying, and shown a good correlation with fruit body yield of the 1 st flush. Concerning water potential of the cultures, a slight reduction of water potential, -0.5MPa, stimulated mycelial and colony growths on liquid, agar and sawdust-based substrates. The water potential of well-colonized matured substrate was -0.7MPa and -4.0MPa, before and after the fruiting, respectively. Excellent water providing capacity (higher ${\psi}$) is expected to well-matured cultures with a high density of mycelial colonization. Also, the substrate water potential significantly affected by the interaction between genotypes and spawn run time.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.85 no.2
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• pp.225-237
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• 1996

The cultural characteristics of fruit bodies formation in the two selected strains(brown and yellow strain) of winter mushroom collected in Korea were investigated. The effects of various environmental conditions and physicochemical pretreatments were evaluated by the character of fruit bodies. There was no differences between two strains in non-selectivity of media, optimum temperature($11^{\circ}C{\sim}15^{\circ}C$), relative humidity(90%), and illumination(60 lux). In the application of alternated temperature (the best condition : $5^{\circ}C{\cdot}10^{\circ}C$ and $5^{\circ}C{\cdot}15^{\circ}C$), ultraviolet ray(30~50 seconds), electricity(5 seconds), thiamine hydrochloride(0.05~0.1%), urea, and IAA as a pretreatments, there was no differences between two strains. The brown strain had larger pileus and longer stipes than these of the yellow strain, while the yellow strain yielded more weight and number of the fruit body formation than the brown strain.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.7-12
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• 1981

Attempts were made to investigate the effects of the temperature and carbon dioxide concentration in the growing room and soil moisture after casing on the mycelial growth, sporophore formation and mushroom yield of Agaricus bisporus (Lange) Sing. The growing room temperature influenced the mycelial growth in the casing layer after casing and the sporophore formation of Agaricus bisporus. The mycelial growth was the rapidest at $30^{\circ}C$ and gradually decreased with the temperature going down, while the sporophore formation and mushroom yield were the best at $25^{\circ}C$. The other factor which affected the mycelial growth and sporophore formation was the moisture content of casing soil. The mycelial growth was the best at 70 percent moisture, and the sporophore formation and mushroom yields were the highest at 60 percent moisture. The concentration of carbon dioxide in the growing room after casing had an important effect upon the mycelial growth in the casing layer and the sporophore formation. When the concentration of carbon dioxide was 0.16 percent, the mycelial growth and the sporophore formation were not inhibited. At 0.5 to 2.0 percent $CO_{2}$ the myceilal growth and the sporophore formation were severely decreased. The sporophore size of the mushroom was the maximum when the room temperature during the vegetative mycelium growth was $20^{\circ}C$ and the moisture content of casing soil was 70 percent.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.63-68
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• 2013

The fruiting body of honey mushroom, Armillaria gallica, was collected from Gastrodia elata cultivated fields. Pure cultures were isolated from fruiting body tissue of the mushrooms, and cultured on MCM (mushroom complete medium) or PDA (potato dextrose agar) medium. Then, 12 different types of mycelial growth characteristics such as growth rate, colony morphology and rhizomorph formation were obtained. The vitality of the mycelial growth and rhizomorph formation of the fruiting body culture isolates were better on MCM than PDA, suggesting that the optimal culture medium for A. gallica mycelia was MCM. To observe the feature of colony morphology, the subculture of isolates were incubated on MCM. Consequently, we could find the segregated or differentiated colony morphology from isolate type 11 that was similar morphology to isolate type 12. For phylogenetic analysis of the 12 isolates, RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) were performed. The isolate type 12 was not only shown different band patterns of RAPD variation in other 11 isolates, but also commercial strain known as Chunmagyun No. 1. Among the tissue culture isolates of fruiting, strains with better mycelial growth characteristics than Chunmagyun No. 1 were selected. We expect that the new strain can be substituted to commercial strain Chunmagyun No. 1.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.100-104
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• 2005

We investigated mineral difference from mushroom Phellinus linteus and Phellinus baumii on mulberry, oak and elm. ICP test, The major mineral components were K, Ca, and Fe, while Mg, Na, P, Cr, Mn, Cu and Zn were determined as micro mineral components. In case of P.linetus and P.baumii the component of K was shown as 699.0mg/100g and 630mg/100g, in oak, 340.7mg/100g and 314.6mg/100g in elm, and 311.6mg/100g and 311.6mg/100g in mulberry respectively. In Ca, mulberry fruiting body were shown about 2 times highest and expecially in case of Na was oak fruiting body were shown as 10 times highest as against the others sample groups. In micro mineral components, Zn component was shown very diffeence about sample groups. We concluded that the highest mineral component of K was shown in mushroom cultivated on oak of both P.linetus and P.baumii. As a results, mineral component has showed very difference on cultivated to timber. According to the results of mineral component we concluded that Phellinus linteus and Phellinus baumii has mineral component different depending on timber.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.135-143
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• 2006

We have investigated cultural circumstance and given condition of king oyster mushroom(Pleurotus eryngii) growing farmer. We collected many pathogens from King oyster mushroom growing farmer and identified with chemicobiological test and microscope. Most of investigated farmers neglected their's growing room cleaning and washing, after harvesting At pin-heading induction time, humidity degree in growing room was kept of high level and Air ventilation volume was so little that fruit-body formation ratio was low. The collected pathogens were twenty eight strains and identified with Pseudomonas sp., Trichoderma sp. mostly. During the spawn running time and pin-heading induction time, contamination by Trichoderma sp. occurred mostly, but during the fruit-body growing time, contamination by Pseudomonas sp., Erwinia sp. etc, occurred.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.152-161
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• 2019

Phallus impudicus var. impudicus L. is an edible mushroom that has long been used as folk medicine in China. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant, anti-cholinesterase, and inflammation inhibitory activities of a methanol extract of fruiting bodies of P. impudicus var. impudicus L. The extract exhibited good 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl scavenging activity, excellent ferrous ion chelating activity, and moderate hydroxyl radical scavenging activity compared with BHT at 2.0 mg/ml. However, the reducing power of the extract was significantly lower than that the BHT positive control. Although the inhibitory activities of methanol extract on acetylcholinesterase and butyryl cholinesterase were significantly lower than the galanthamine positive control at the concentration tested, the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase and butyryl cholinesterase was 52.83% and 55.17%, respectively, at 1.0 mg/ml. The methanol extract also demonstrated excellent inhibition of inflammation-related activities, such as production of nitric oxide in lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW 264.7 macrophage cells and acute edema induced by administration of carrageenan on the hind paw of rats. The collective results suggest that the fruiting body of P. impudicus var. impudicus L. might be a good source of antioxidant, anti-cholinesterase, and anti-inflammation compounds.