• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.273-283
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• 2010

The objective of this study was to measure densities in various areas of the normal canine lung with computed tomography (CT) depending on influences of gravity and the degree of lung inflation and to determine optimal positions and positive end expiratory pressure of canine lung for CT scanning. In each eight normal Beagle and Shihtzu dogs, a respiratory breathhold maneuver without spontaenous breathing at different positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) of 0 mmHg, 10 mmHg and 20 mmHg was applied with the position of right and left lateral recumbency, sternal recumbency, and dorsal recumbency and spiral-CT scans of the total lung were acquired. Slices were selected at three levels through the apex, middle and basal lung at the aortic arch, carina and just above the diaphragm and lung density was measured in the dorsal, ventral, and lateral portions of the peripheral lung field. Lung density in dependent areas was higher than in nondependent areas (p < 0.05) regardless of species, positions, anatomic locations at the PEEP of 0 mmHg and 10 mmHg. However, no significant difference of lung density was found at PEEP of 20 mmHg in both species except the dorsal recumbency in Shihtzu dogs. This density gradient in the dependent areas is strongly influenced by PEEP (p < 0.05). In the four positions on the CT gantry, the lung density at the dependent and nondependent location of the lung was greater at the aortic arch than at the base (p < 0.05). Lung density decreased on identical location according to increase of PEEP (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference between right and left lung density at sternal and dorsal recumbency and no significant difference of the dorsal, ventral, and lateral portions of lung density at the right and left recumbency under identical pressure. It is implied that during chest CT scan with 20 mmHg of positive end expiratory pressure with right or left lateral recumbency, canine lung density do not influenced by gravity or anatomic location.

• KAPE Magazine
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• s.238
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• pp.12-13
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• 2016

경상남도 김해시 북쪽에 있는 생림면은 예부터 한우 농가로 유명하다. 또 하나 있다면 온화한 정서를 가진 사람이 많다는 것. 오늘 만난 <시연농장>의 조남식 대표도 그중 한 명이다. 제13회 전국축산물품질평가대상 최우수상에 "그저 운이 따랐다."며 도와준 이들에게 공을 돌리는 겸손한 축산인. 하지만 그 안에는 일흔(70)이라는 나이에도 배움의 자세를 놓지 않는 그의 노력이 숨어 있었다.

• The monthly packaging world
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• s.15
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• pp.86-89
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• 1994

이 글은 국립환경연구원과 한국환경영향평가학회가 세계 환경의 날을 맞이하여 지난 6월 3일 '지속 가능한 개발과 환경영향 평가' 라는 주제로 연 세미나에서 발표된 내용을 옮긴 것이다. 우루과이라운드에 이어 그보다 더 강력할 것으로 예상되는 '그린라운드'가 세계 무역시장에 새롭게 대두될 전망인데, 이 글은 이와 관련해 국제표준화기구에서 추진하고 있는 환경표준화의 현황과 이것이 우리에게 미치는 영향, 그리고 우리 기업의 대응전략과 자세 등에 대해 고찰하고 있

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2004.04a
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• pp.135-140
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• 2004

In this paper, we study the posture control of an underwater vehicle with nonholonomic constraint. Generally, systems with nonholnomic constraints cannot be stabilized to an equilibrium points by smooth state feedback control. Therefore, we proposed a control strategy for posture control of the underwater vehicle using backstepping control. The proposed control scheme is applied to the posture control of an underwater vehicle and verified the effectiveness of control strategy by numerical simulation.

• 한국체육학회지인문사회과학편
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• v.58 no.6
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• pp.449-459
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to identify how postural mechanics affects postural control on balance and stability by using frequency analysis technique from the kinematic data acquired during the one leg standing posture. For this purpose, the experimental group consisted of two groups, the normal group (n=6) and the national Gymnastics group (n=6). Displacement data of CoP were analyzed by frequency analysis of rambling (RM) and trembling (TR) by FFT signal processing. As a results, there was a significant difference in evaluating the stabilization index between the two groups with the eyes open and closed one leg stnading (p <.05). The cause of the difference was found to be the output of the maximum amplitude of RM (f1) and TR (f2) (p <.05). In particular, in the low frequency RM of 8-9 Hz, which is a natural frequency of signal wave involved in postural feedback feedback, the main frequency appeared to be performs the exercise mechanism of stable brain posture control. And in the high frequency TM of 120-135 Hz, it is considered that the adaptation of the reflective muscle response is minimized to minimize posture shaking. In conclusion, this study provides evidence for the intrinsic main frequencies according to the postural control ability which affects the CNS in one leg standing.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.79-84
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• 2014

The precision aerial application of agricultural unmanned helicopters has become a new paradigm for small farms with orchards, paddy, and upland fields. The needs of agricultural applications require easy and affordable control systems. Recent developments of MEMS technology based on inertial sensors and high speed DSP have enabled the fabrication of low-cost attitude system. Therefore, this study evaluates inertial MEMS sensors for estimating the attitude of an agricultural unmanned helicopter. The accuracies and errors of gyro and acceleration sensors were verified using a pendulum system. The true motion values were calculated using a theoretical estimation and absolute encoder measurement of the pendulum, and then the sensor output was compared with reference values. When comparing the sensor measurements and true values, the errors were determined to be 4.32~5.72%, 3.53~6.74%, and 3.91~4.16% for the gyro rate and x-, z- accelerations, respectively. Thus, the measurement results confirmed that the inertial sensors are effective for establishing an attitude and heading reference system (AHRES). The sensors would be constructed in gimbals for the estimating and proving attitude measurements in the following paper.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.19 no.8
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• pp.119-127
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• 2014

TIn this paper, Hemiplegic patients have gait characteristics different from normal persons. This paper presents a posture measuring and display system reflecting their characteristics. Patients wear 3 sensor modules on thigh, calf and foot. To enhance measuring precision of each sensor module, 3D accelerometer and 3D gyroscope are combined. Gait posture is displayed in 3D by modeling thigh, calf and foot as connected 3D objects based on data of the sensor modules. For convenience in inspecting unusual gait posture of hemiplegic patients, any view angle of the 3D display can be selected. In addition, the current gait phase of RLA(Rancho Los Amigos) gait cycle is determined and displayed in real-time by utilizing the posture information, The phase sequence and duration of each phase can be used in evaluating gait quality of patients.

• Journal of the Korea Computer Graphics Society
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.67-73
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• 2017

We propose several techniques which can be employed in a 3D fitness program for monitoring and correcting user's posture. To implement a 3D fitness program, improved reference motion generating techniques and visualizing techniques are necessary. First, in order to understand the difference between the user and the reference movement of a professional, a retargeting method between two different body shapes are studied. Second, the problem of self-occlusion, which occurs when using a low-cost depth sensor to represent complex motions, is solved by using a sample database and time consistency. The system proposed in this paper evaluates the user's posture considering the physical characteristics of the user, and then provides feedback to the user.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SC
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.23-35
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• 2012

This paper presents a 3-D pose (position and orientation) estimation method for an elliptic object in 3-D space. It is difficult to resolve the problem of determining 3-D pose parameters with respect to an elliptic feature in 3-D space by interpretation of its projected feature onto an image plane. As an alternative, we propose a two points-based pose estimation algorithm to seek the 3-D information of an elliptic feature. The proposed algorithm determines a homogeneous transformation uniquely for a given correspondence set of an ellipse and two coplanar points that are defined on model and image plane, respectively. For each plane, two triangular features are extracted from an ellipse and two points based on the polarity in 2-D projection space. A planar homography is first estimated by the triangular feature correspondences, then decomposed into 3-D pose parameters. The proposed method is evaluated through a series of experiments for analyzing the errors of 3-D pose estimation and the sensitivity with respect to point locations.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.101-108
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• 2005

Inertial Navigation System has been used extensively to determine the position, velocity and attitude of the body. An INS is very expensive, however, heavy, power intensive, requires long setting times and the accuracy of the system is degraded as time passed due to the accumulated error. Global Positioning System(GPS) receivers can compensate for the Inertial Navigation System with the ability to provide both absolute position and attitude. This study describes a method to improve both the accuracy of a body positioning and the precision of an attitude determination using GPS antenna array. Existing attitude determination methods using low-cost GPS receivers focused on the relative vectors between the master and the slave antennas. Then the positioning of the master antenna is determined in meter-level because the single point positioning with pseudorange measurements is used. To obtain a better positioning accuracy of the body in this research, a wireless internet is used as an alternative data link for the real-time differential corrections and dual-frequency GPS receivers which is expected to be inexpensive was used. The numerical results show that this system has the centimeter level accuracy in positioning and the degree level accuracy in attitude.