• The Korean Journal of Coaching Psychology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.91-116
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• 2023

This study aims to investigate the differences in burnout, emotional labor strategies, affect intensity, and emotional clarity based on combinations of level of mindfulness and compassion. To achieve this, a total of 137 mental health professionals participated in this study, and they were classified into four groups based on their level of mindfulness and compassion using cluster analysis. Then, the differences among the groups were compared. The results of the multivariate analysis of covariance(MANCOVA) or multivariate analysis of variance(MANOVA) controlling for career experience, showed that the group with high levels of both mindfulness and compassion had the highest levels of positive affect intensity, emotional clarity for self and others, and genuine expression, while having the lowest levels of negative affect intensity, surface acting, and burnout. In comparison to the group with high levels of both mindfulness and compassion, the group with high or low level of either mindfulness or compassion had both positive and negative affect intensity at higher or lower levels. Additionally, they showed lower emotional clarity for self and others, and genuine expression. Conversely, they showed higher levels of surface acting and burnout. The group with low levels of both mindfulness and compassion experienced low levels of positive affect intensity and high levels of negative affect intensity. They also had the lowest levels of emotional clarity for self and others and genuine expression. In addition, they showed that the highest levels of surface acting, and burnout. Based on the results, the study discussed the balanced development of mindfulness and compassion to prevent burnout of professionals in the human service field, including mental health professionals. The implications and limitations of this study were further analyzed in the discussion section, including the direction for future research.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.89-105
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• 2014

This study investigated the effects of a brief Loving-Kindness and Compassion Meditation(20 minutes) on compassionate love and altruism of undergraduate students. Among the 187 students who were completed the KIIP-SC, 35 of high scored students in Interpersonal Problem Scale were randomly assigned to one of two different groups: Loving-Kindness and Compassion Meditation group(LCM, n=19) and Imagery Trainning group(IT, n=16). During the 20 minutes of practice, LCM group was asked to practice loving-kindness and compassion meditation and IT group was asked to investigate personal characteristics of the imagined people who were same as LCM. Compassionate love, four immeasurebles, two kind of altruistic behaviors, and mood states were measured pre- and post-treatment. LCM group showed significantly higher incremental scores for compassionate love, donation for strange person, and helping behaviors for friends, for close person, and for stranger than IT group. Negative and positive mood states were improved for each of the groups, but there was no significant differences between groups. The results suggested that the comparatively short practice of loving-kindness and compassion meditation could increase altruistic attitudes and intentions toward other persons. And, these effects could not be attributed to mood effects. Limitations of this study and the directions of further research were discussed.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.145-154
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• 2017

This paper aims to regard paternalistic leadership as research object, introduces organizational identification as intermediary variable to find out the impact on organizational commitment, using a sample of 406 employees from enterprises. Results showed that first, authoritarianism had no impact on organizational commitment, while benevolence and morality related positively to organizational commitment. Second, paternalistic leadership had positive effect on organizational identification. Third, organizational identification mediated the relationship between morality and organizational commitment, but did not mediate the relationship between benevolence and organizational commitment. Limitations of the study, and implications of the findings are discussed.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.9-15
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between empathy ability and attitude toward mental illness in nursing college students. The subjects of this study were collected in June, 2017 for the 4th grade students attending the nursing department in D city. The data were collected using the SPSS.19 program. The results showed that empathy ability of nursing college students had a significant effect on the attitude toward mentally ill patients. The explanatory power of empathy ability on each subscale was 18% for benevolence, 16% for authoritarianism, 9 % for social restrictiveness, and 4% for community mental health ideology. In conclusion, the empathy ability of nursing college students was found to affect the attitude toward the mentally ill. As the empathy increased, the authoritarianism of the mentally ill was lowered, the benevolence was increased, the social life support and community mental health ideology was positive, so the positive attitude toward mental illness was increased overall. Therefore, it is necessary to systematically train and education nursing college students to develop empathy needed for the therapeutic relationship. These efforts will contribute to the improvement of the awareness of the mentally ill.

• 한국벤처창업학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2023.11a
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• pp.157-161
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• 2023

현대 사회가 급변하면서 가족 구조와 형태가 다양해지고, 여성의 경제 활동과 맞벌이 부부가 증가함에 따라 영유아 대상 돌봄에 대한 요구는 다양하게 변화하고 있다. 그러나 보육기관 증설 및 운영 시간 연장 등으로 보육의 공공성을 강화해 나가는 것에 반해, 유아 교육기관의 질과 영유아 상호작용에 큰 영향을 미치는 유치원 교사의 근무 여건 개선은 아직 미흡한 실정이다. 유치원 교사는 영유아의 성장과 발달에 결정적이고, 무조건적인 영향을 미치기 때문에 교육의 질을 결정하는 가장 중요한 요인이라 할 수 있다. 그럼에도 긴 근무 시간, 저임금, 학부모의 지나친 요구, 부진한 복지제도 등의 열악한 근무환경에서 직무스트레스와 그에 따른 심리적 소진을 경험하고 있다 본 연구에서는 유치원 교사가 지각하는 직무스트레스와 심리적 소진의 관계에서 자기자비와 마음챙김의 조절 효과를 규명하여 유치원 교사들이 흔히 겪을 수 있는 일반적인 어려움을 예상해보고 그 요인을 찾아 분석함으로서 유치원 교사의 스트레스를 예방하거나 감소시키기 위한 지원 방안 및 유치원 교사를 위한 교육프로그램 개발의 기초 자료로 활용되는 데 그 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 경기도 내 유치원에 근무하는 교사 200명을 대상으로 직무스트레스척도(MTOSFQ), 심치적 소진척도(MBI), 자기자비척도(K-SCS), 마음챙김척도(FFMQ)를 사용하여 설문을 실시한 후 SPSS v22, 독립표본 t검정, 일원배치 분산분석, 선형회귀분석과 매개효과 검증을 위해 위계적 회귀분석을 실시하고자 한다.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.131-157
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• 2017

Loving-kindness & compassion meditation (LCM) is one of the popular intervention on clinical setting to cultivate loving-kindness & compassion for self and other. Shame is known for unconscious and implicit emotion including negative self-concept. Some researchers suggest that people with high shame have difficulty in cultivating loving-kindness & compassion toward oneself because of shame including the negative self-critic. In this research, it is explored the influence of shame for the object of LCM. There are 2 experiments to find out the answer to this question. In experiment 1, participants (N = 108) are randomly assigned to two conditions. The one condition is loving-kindness meditation for self, and the other is loving-kindness meditation for positive others. Dislike and engagement from participants about loving-kindness meditation instruction are measured after meditation for 8 minutes. From the experiment 2, loving-kindness meditation is replaced with compassion meditation from the design of experiment 1. This experiment is conducted because of psychological differences between loving-kindness and compassion. Participants (N = 116) are randomly assigned to two conditions, compassion meditation for self and positive others, respectively. The results of experiment 1 show that dislike of loving-kindness meditation for self seems to high when people have high shame, but shame does not have an influence on engagement. For loving-kindness meditation for positive others, shame seems to not affect on dislike and engagement about loving-kindness meditation instruction. The results of experiment 2 show that dislike is higher for self than for positive others about compassion meditation for people with high shame, but shame does not affect on engagement. For discussion, it is suggested that shame has special features of emotion. For the future, we discuss the therapeutic strategy for people with negative self-concept.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.312-318
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• 2016

This study examined the influence of a Mindfulness Based Compassion Meditation Program on the brain activation and stress of elderly women who experienced loss of spouse using 2 channel EEG (Electroencephalography). The total number of subjects was 60, consisting of elderly women aged from 65~75years of in Y county; 30 in the experimental group and 30 in the control group who were checked by EEG before and after the study. The study was conducted from August to November, 2015. The Mindfulness Based Compassion Meditation Program was designed for the convergence of body and mind integration with compassion meditation for the purpose of developing love, sympathy, and compassion. The treatment was conducted once a week, for 60 minutes at a time, over a period of 16 weeks. The results in the experimental group showed an increase in the Activity Quotient (ATQ) Rt(82.51/85.83, p<.013) and AntiStress Quotient (ASQ) Lt (74.711/71.17, p<.050). The Activity Quotient shows the mental function and behavior tendency in the brain, while the AntiStress Quotient shows the state of physical and mental relaxation. The Mindfulness Based Compassion Meditation Program was shown to influence the brain activation and stress of the elderly women using the practical application of neuroscience.

• Journal of the Daesoon Academy of Sciences
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• v.23
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• pp.37-105
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• 2014

'공사(公事)'는 『전경』이 담고 있는 매우 중요한 종교 문화적 현상이다. 그리고 그 속에는 매우 깊은 사상적 의미가 내포되어 있다. 대순진리회 공사개념의 연원은 중국 고대의 경전과 문헌에서 그 단서를 찾아볼 수 있으나, 그것은 결코 단순히 중국의 것을 답습한 것이 아니다. 강성상제와 도주 조정산께서는 '묵은 하늘'의 음양 혼란 시대에 공사를 행하였기 때문에, 도수를 바로잡는 공사는 근본부터 바로잡는다는 의미가 있으며, 새로운 시대를 의미하는 '개벽'도 이에 포함된다. 중도, 화평, 공정은 질서가 바로 잡힌 사회의 시작을 의미하며, 이는 새로운 생활을 창조하는 데 있어 중요한 현실적 의의를 지닌다. 전체적으로 볼 때 대순진리회의 공사는 사회의 변화와 사회적 요구에 응답하여 생겨난 종교문화 활동이다. 이러한 종교문화 활동은 일종의 기호로서, 상징성을 갖춘 의식을 거행하는 것이다. 공사는 명부의 한을 해결하는 것으로부터 시작되는데, 이는 근본을 중시한다는 의미이며, 태초로 거슬러 올라가 사회를 다스리는 커다란 방향을 전개한다는 것이다. '역도(逆度)'를 조정하는 공사에서는 사회적 관점에서 보자면, 역사가 남긴 문제에 대해 고민하고 해결하려는 태도를 뜻한다. 이는 민생문제를 매우 중시하였음과 인간의 도에 대해 경외심과 존중을 표현하고 있음이 나타내며, 결국 '보세(普世)'의 의미를 지닌다고 볼 수 있다. 공사를 실천하는 방법은 '신생활법'이며, 이는 인(仁)과 인류와 동물에 대한 자비심을 강조하며 '삼계개벽'의 개혁정신과 창조적 사고를 나타낸다. 이로써 '통달(通達)'과 '대도(大道)'의 정신을 나타내었다. 이로 볼 때, 인간의 삶을 인도하며, 궁극적으로는 지상천국을 건설하고자 하는 정신이 공사의 개념 속에 분명하게 드러나 있음을 알 수 있다.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.13-32
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• 1974

본 연구는 한국의 학사과정에 등록한 간호학생의 정신질환에 대한 태도를 조사 연구하는데 주목적이 있고, 연구 결과에 의한 학생들의 태도와 학생들의 종교, 지역사회의 크기, 장래에 정신과 간호를 그들의 근무영역으로 삼을 것인가에 대한 관련도를 조사하는데 두번째의 목적이 있고, 세번째의 목적은 미국에서 발표된 정신질환에 대한 태도 연구와 본 연구의 결과에서 나타나는 한국 학생들과의 태도를 비교해 보는 데에 있겠다. 본 연구의 대상은 서울대학교 의과대학 간호학과 4학년생(1972년도) 이었으며, 미국과외 비교 연구를 위해서 Morris의 간호학생 태도 연구를 사용했다. 본 연구에 사용된 도구는 Cohen과 Straining이 발달시킨 51항으로 구성된 Opinions About Mental Illness (O.M.I) Scale이며, 학생들로부터 개인적인 자료를 얻기 위 해 4항이 더 첨 가되었다. 연구 결과를 보면 간호학생들의 정신질환에 대한 부정적인 태도가 보여졌다. 즉, 높은 권위의식 (요소, A)과 사회적 제한성 (요소, D)을 표현했고, 자비심 (요소, B)은 낮게 표현되었으니. 이는 정신질환에 대한 부정적인 태도를 보여주었다. 또한 본 연구에서 학생들의 종교와 졸업 후 정신과 간호 영역에서 근무할 취향이 O.M.I.에서 보여지는 태도면에 영향을 줌이 밝혀졌다. 즉 기독교인과 졸업 후 정신과간호원 지망생이 비 기독교인과 비 정신과간호원 지망생보다 정신질환에 대한 태도에 보다 긍정적인 반응을 보였다. 학생들이 살고있는 지역 사회의 크기와 O,M,I. 척도에서 보여지는 태도 면에 통계학적인 유의의 차이는 없었다. 본 연구의 결과로 보여진 정신질환에 대한 간호학생들의 부정적 인 태도는 간호교육의 단면적인 평가도 되겠지만 정신과 간호교육과정이나 다른 교육과정의 내용 면의 재 고려와 아울러 긍정적인 방향으로의 태도변화를 위해 보다 많은 연구가 필요하겠다.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.88-98
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was designed to assess the relationship between spirituality and state hope of medical social workers in Korea and their correlation was studied to provide data in developing effective spiritual and hope intervention for medial social workers. Methods: The study surveyed 102 medical social workers in Korea from September 1, 2011 to September 30, 2011. The study employed the Korean version of the State Hope Scale (SHS) and Spirituality Scales (SS). For data analysis, descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation and simple regression were performed using the SPSS WIN ver. 17.0. Results: Spirituality scores showed a significant difference according to religion. The mean score of spirituality was 3.80/5.00 and the mean score of state hope was 6.36/8.00. Spirituality scoresand state hope scoresshowed a significant positive association (P<0.001). Conclusion: This study showed a significant positive association between medical social workers' spirituality and their state hope of. Future studies would be needed to further explorespirituality and state hope.