• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.10 no.11
• /
• pp.197-202
• /
• 2012

Block Train Services(BTS) are actively studied in many countries for higher productivity and eco-friendly systems of inland freight distribution. However it is difficult for an ordinary student or researcher to approach for understanding and studying BTS because rail transport is operated monopolistically by Korea government and most freight information in each company belongs to its business secret due to the industrial characteristics. For such reasons, the study aimed to develop a BTS simulation model that it supports understanding and strategic decision required for BT operation. To build the result, expert depth-interviews were conducted with analysis of relative references through the domestic representative BT operating company K. The simulator refers to the Busan NewPort-Uiwang section and functionally, it supports scenario generation and analysis on BT operation. It makes a contribution to study a new type's technological application for learning and strategic analysis of BTS.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
• /
• v.21 no.2
• /
• pp.3-54
• /
• 1999

1997년의 경제위기는 근본적으로 많은 차입금에도 불구하고 장기간에 걸쳐 낮은 수익성을 보인 기업들이 불황에 직면하여 도산위험이 급증함으로써 발생한 것으로 판단된다. 그러면, 기업들의 수익성은 왜 이렇게 낮은 것일까? 본 연구는 지배대주주와 소액주주간의 갈등이 기업의 수익성을 저하시킨 한 원인으로 작용했다는 가설을 실증적으로 규명하고자 한다. 우리나라 기업들, 특히 기업집단의 경우 지배대주주의 개인소유지분은 높지 않지만 기업경영에 대한 통제력은 매우 강하다. 기업경영에 대한 감시와 책임경영이 확립되지 않는 경제에서 지배대주주가 기업자산을 개인적 이익에 따라 운영하는 경우 편익은 독점하지만 이에 따른 수익성 하락 등의 비용은 다른 주주와 소유 지분율에 따라 공유하게 되므로 사적이익을 추구할 유인이 크다. 본 연구는 1992년부터 1997년까지의 공기업 및 금융기관을 제외한 외부감사대상기업의 재무자료를 기초로 영업이익률, 경상이익률, 그리고 순이익률이 주주간의 이해상충에 의해 어떻게 영향을 받았는가를 분석하였다. 수익성 분석에 있어 상장여부, 자산운영(관계회사 및 비관계회사에 대한 투자), 재벌소속 여부, 기업규모, 재무구조 그리고 산업적 특성 및 기업의 경영 및 사업 전략적 특성을 제어하였다. 다른 조건이 동일하다고 가정하면 상장된 기업의 수익성은 비상장기업보다 낮다. 상장기업의 경우는 대주주의 소유지분이 낮은 반면에 외부주주의 비중이 높기 때문에 대주주가 개인의 이익을 추구하고자 하는 유인이 강하게 작용한 결과로 판단된다. 또한 재벌에 소독된 기업의 수익성은 독립기업들의 수익성보다 낮을 뿐만 아니라 계열회사의 유가증권 및 대여금 등에 대한 투자가 증가할수록 기업의 경상이익률 및 순이익률이 낮아진다. 반면에 비관계회사에 대한 투자자산은 경상이익률 및 순이익률을 높이는 것으로 나타났다. 재벌에 소속된 상장회사가 관계회사에 투자하는 경우는 투자기업의 수익성이 더욱 낮아지는 것으로 나타났다. 관계회사에 대한 투자는 수익성에 기초한 투자가 아니며 대주주의 지분이 낮은 상장기업에서 소액주주의 이익에 반하여 계열사에 대한 투자형태로 자원이 이전되고 있음을 시사한다. 본 논문의 분석 결과는 외부주주와 내부주주간의 이해상충이 기업의 수익성을 저하시킨다는 가설과 일관된다. 따라서 대주주가 개인적 이익을 추구하고자 하는 유인을 견제하고 소액주주의 권리를 강화하도록 지배구조를 확립해야 할 것이다.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
• /
• v.28 no.4
• /
• pp.165-174
• /
• 2023

Due to the Fourth Industrial Revolution, the influence applied to all areas of our society is continuing to develop at a rapid pace as the days go by. Recently, in the field of legal services, artificial intelligence technology has been introduced mainly in the United States, an advanced country, leading innovation in the legal market. As such, artificial intelligence is expected to rapidly grow as a means of replacing people, leaving the auxiliary role of people at a rapid pace, and the purpose of this study is to examine necessary measures for Korean professional legal professionals to survive in this legal market. After analyzing it based on prior research by domestic researchers and various data in Korea, the law was revised to prohibit non-lawyers from handling legal affairs, active state intervention in public information cases, and ways for the state and the private sector to check each other. Therefore, the above research is expected to throw a lot of discussion points in terms of legal services using artificial intelligence in the future.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
• /
• v.15 no.4
• /
• pp.673-692
• /
• 2006

In order to test for the dynamic optimality condition for the use of nonrenewable resource, it is necessary to estimate the shadow value of the resource in situ. In the previous literatures, a time series for in situ price has been derived either as the difference between marginal revenue and marginal cost or by differentiating with respect to the quantity of ore extracted the restricted cost function in which the quantity of ore is quasi-fixed. However, not only inconsistent estimates are likely to be generated due to the nonmalleability of capital, but the estimate of marginal revenue will be affected by market power. Since firms will likely fail to minimize the cost of the reproducible inputs subject to market prices under realistic circumstances where imperfect factor markets, strikes, or government regulations are present, the shadow in situ values obtained by estimating the restricted cost function can be biased. This paper provides a valid methodology for checking the dynamic optimality condition for a nonrenewable resource by using the input distance function. Our methodology has some advantages over previous ones: only data on quantities of inputs and outputs are required; nor is the maintained hypothesis of cost minimization required; adoption of linear programming enables us to circumvent autocorrelated errors problem caused by use of time series or panel data. The dynamic optimality condition for domestic coal mining does not hold for constant discount rates ranging from 2 to 20 percent over the period 1970~1993. The dynamic optimality condition also does not hold for variable rates ranging from fourth to four times the real interest rate.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
• /
• no.41
• /
• pp.211-247
• /
• 2010

The purpose of this article is to consider the status and the value of a different book of Chunghyangjeon that Professor Park Sunho possesses. Chunghyangjeon that Professor Park Sunho possesses has the text in Chinese and in Korean. Compared with Chullidaebon, Chunghyangjeon that Professor Park Sunho possesses includes deletion, contraction and addition. Chullidaebon has many mistakes while Parkbon in Chinese shows that the mistakes were corrected. According to the standard, Parkbon in Chinese is similar to Mansongbon and Donambon rather than Chullidaebon and it is more similar to Mansongbon than Donambon. In Parkbon in Chinese, hypocrisy of Yangnyeongdaegun is weakened while his negative personality is magnified. And psychological description of Yangyeongdaegun is weakened and Chunghyang's beauty is magnified. Parkbon in Korean shows deletion, contraction, addition, and change. It doesn't show consciousness of lineage and deletes hypocrisy and negative personality of Yangnyeongdaegun. Also, the phrases are being deleted and contracted, which are difficult for those who do not master Chinese literature or Chinese poems. The professor Park Sunho's copy is more significant than other novels circulated at that times, for it is bound along with a copy in Korean. Compared with other editions of Chunghyangjeon and other classical novels circulated, that kind of edition, which included Korean copy, is very peculiar. The Korean-including edition shows that the Chinese literate tried to share the novel with persons who are Korean literate but cannot read Chinese characters.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
• /
• v.53
• /
• pp.31-49
• /
• 2003

Neo-liberalism, the most influential ideology in the current world, argues for the commercialization of social security programs and for the dissolution of the interventionist welfare state. From the neo-liberal viewpoint, social services become more efficient and more advantageous for recipients, when provided by the market, not by the state. It is also argued that the welfare of all social members is best secured when the market freely operates without any interference from the state. From the neo-liberal point of view, an argument was raised to commercialize the state-administered Workers' Compensation program of Korea in the mid-1990s. This argument was faced with strong resistances from labor unions and social welfare circles, and has disappeared since the economic breakdown and the restructuring of Korean society during the late 1990s. Butr, such an argument can emerge anytime as the nee-liberal ideology become more powerful. This article aims to examine the neo-liberal argument that the privatization of social security programs, through an increases in efficiency, improves the interests of the recipients as well as the whole society. For this, this article attempts to analyze the Workers' Compensation programs of the USA, which, from state to state, are administered by the state government or by private insurance companies. This study can serve as an effective critique for the neo-liberal argument, if it finds that state-administered Workers' Compensation programs are more efficient than those managed by insurance companies. This article's another aim is to assess the controversies over the privatization of the Workers' Compensation program of Korea during the mid to late 1990s. The controversies were more about which viewpoint is right and, in most cases, lacked empirical evidence. This study shall empirically criticize the argument for the privatization of the Workers' Compensation program.

• International Commerce and Information Review
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.129-148
• /
• 2000

지적재산권은 기술개발의욕 자극을 위해 새로이 물건이나 사상 등의 창작자에게 일종의 배타적 독점권을 부여한 것으로서 1980년대 이후 국제적 관심이 고조되기 시작하였는데, 두 차례의 석유파동 이후 기술이 국제 경쟁력의 주요 결정요인으로 등장하던 시기에 한국을 비롯한 개도국들이 선진국의 기술을 모방하여 첨단기술제품 분야에서 경쟁적 우위를 확보하자 자신들의 경쟁력 확보를 위해 선진국들이 자신들의 통상교섭력을 바탕으로 GATT/UR 등 국제적 협상을 통해 지적재산권 보호문제를 통상문제로 확대시킨 것이다. 이러한 지적재산권에 대한 통상문제와 관련하여 가장 문제가 되는 국가는 역시 미국인데, 미국은 통상법 301조 중 지적재산권 보호에 적용되는 Special 301조를 이용하여 지적재산권 보호에 대한 실효성을 확보하였으며, 당초 제품수입상의 불공정거래행위에 적용하던 관세법 337조를 지적재산권을 침해하는 수입 판매행위에도 적용할 수 있도록 개정함으로써 그 보호수단을 더욱 강화하였는데, 이에 따라 우리도 적절한 대응방안의 모색이 요구되고 있다. 우선 정부의 입장에서는 대내적으로 원천기술 및 개량기술 개발을 통한 기술의 해외의존도 축소, 인센티브 도입 등 직무발명제도 활성화, 해외특허권 취득확대를 위한 중소기업의 해외출원비용 지원, 심사관의 전문화롤 통한 심사의 처리속도 및 질 향상, 특허기술정보 이용체제 개선을 위한 특허청의 정보전산화 및 산업기술정보원 톡허정보센타와의 유기적인 협조체제 구축, 기업의 특허분쟁대응능력 향상을 위한 전담부서 마련 및 국제특허분쟁 전문변리사 양성 등의 대안을 마련할 필요가 있으며, 대외적으로는 PLT협약 등 차후에 있을 국제협약에의 적극적인 참여를 통한 우리나라의 이익도모, 남북 가교역할의 강화 및 한 미 양국간의 법제적 차이에 대한 오해불식, 해당 산업에 영향을 줄 수 있는 로비 활동의 활성화 등의 대안이 필요하다. 또한 기업의 입장에서는 사전적으로 과감한 연구개발투자를 통한 산업재산권 확보, 기술 법률 언어능력을 고루 갖춘 특허전문가의 확보, 국제특허분쟁에 대한 대응체계 구축, 특허권 분쟁발생 방지를 위한 책임소재의 명확화 등의 근본적인 대책과 국제특허분쟁 차단을 위한 철저한 선행기술 조사, 해외기술의 개량 및 이용 촉진을 위한 크로스-라이센스의 활성화, 부실특허권에 대한 적극적인 무효심판청구, 제소정보에 대한 조기 입수, 설계변경이나 특허무효자료조사 등 침해회피 방법의 준비, 위험특허에 대한 철저한 예비조사 등의 부수적인 대책을 마련할 필요가 있으며, 일단 특허분쟁이 발생한 경우에는 당해 분쟁의 자사 생산 제품과의 관련여부 검토, 사건에 필요한 광범위한 정보 수집을 위한 전담팀 구성, 제소인의 특허권에 대한 면밀한 법률적 검토, 제소자에 대한 정확한 정보파악 및 최종 대응방안에 대한 신속한 결정, 자사의 특허를 이용한 제소자에 대한 역제소 등의 대응방안을 강구할 필요가 있는 것이다.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.81-100
• /
• 2008

This paper reviewed the main characteristics of Web 2.0 and discussed the possible applications related to National Geographic Information Systems. In general, Web 2.0 refers to a next generation World Wide Web environment that let people participate and share information and data. The recent examples using Web 2.0 with geo-spatial information are convincing us apply Web 2.0 into National Geographic Information Systems. In order to imply Web 2.0 into National Geographic Information Systems, we should consider not only technological advancements related to providing the services but also shifting the relationship between information provider(government agencies) and end-users. In other words, new platform should be provided to users so that users can easily create, share, and mash-up data, which was previously managed and owned only by government agencies. Successful integration Web 2.0 platform into National Geographic Information Systems require some important points such that; 1) the consideration for the data should be changed from closed and agency owned data to opened and shared data. 2) data standards should be established to integrate all data from different sources. 3) real change need to be happened rather than different naming on the same system.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
• /
• v.11 no.7
• /
• pp.259-272
• /
• 2020

In fostering dynamic, innovative SMEs, hidden champion companies can be an appropriate model for SMEs to learn the success factors. On the other hand, the need for intellectual property management is becoming important as the value of a company is changing from a financial asset to an intellectual property. Therefore, in this study, the patent portfolio analysis of the hidden champion companies mentioned in Herman Simmon's book "Hidden Champion" was performed. As a result of the analysis, it was confirmed that patents are not possessed or patent activities are actively carried out and a differentiated intellectual property management strategy is implemented to improve patent quality depending on the characteristics of the technology possessed. The results of these studies can be used as basic data to prepare an intellectual property management strategy for companies that want to create opportunities to acquire monopoly rights and reduce patent maintenance and management costs. In addition, in this study, the patent IPC analysis verified that Herman Simmon's claim that "Hidden champions have the ability to focus on core competencies and focus on one technology" is valid.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
• /
• v.16 no.3
• /
• pp.59-67
• /
• 2015

Overseas expansion of domestic construction over the past 10 years has been fast growing. But as a result of simple construction business practices and a focus on EPC, sales margins was reduced. Domestic construction companies have been trying to redirect business to high-value-added-areas but have faced difficulty because there areas are current monopolized by global leading companies in the field of PMC. They have recently carried out 16 PMC related project in order to expand their experience and increase their competitiveness. Most of these construction companies that do PMC overseas have been focusing on the civil engineering sector. analyzing the important and performance result 50 separate PMC tasks in detail using IPA, it became clear that domestic construction companies should also focus on tasks and were analyzed in order to advance to overseas architecture PMC sector overseas. There are large gaps in the importance and performance result of both the planning and pre-construction phase. Importance compared to the current performance levels in the planning phase gap is largest, pre-construction phase has been analyzed in the following order. In particular, one should strengthen detailed tasks in the planing phase. This study is expected to be used as a basic to determine the performance level and tasks items. It is expected strengthen the capacities of domestic companies in the PMC field, for especially in the high value-aded-areas as indicated in the results of the analysis from this study.