• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2004.05b
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• pp.203-207
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• 2004

This treatise presents that a possibility of non-musician's composition. In fart, as a development of music composition program(used by IAVA) helps to compose music easily, but non-musician still feels hard to compose some musics and perform some musics even though the band-in-a-box is already existed(which is an auto accompaniment program). This treatise shows non-musicians' special music composition way. Select a cord and put the cord to special program which ratted ‘the cord composition program’, and then the cord composition program creates the rest cords. After this progress, non-musicians overwrite their own melodies in accordance with created cords. Finally, they can perform their own musics with the sound of master-keyboard and other sound sources using by the band-in-a-box program.

• Journal of KIISE
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.204-211
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• 2016

In this paper, we propose an automatic melody composition system that can generate a sophisticated melody by adding non-harmony tone in the given chord progression. An overall procedure consists of two steps, which are the rhythm generation and melody generation parts. In the rhythm generation part, we designed new fitness functions for rhythm that can be controlled by a user setting parameters. In the melody generation part, we designed new fitness functions for melody based on harmony theory. We also designed evolutionary operators that are conducted by considering a musical context to improve computational efficiency. In the experiments, we compared four metaheuristics to optimize the rhythm fitness functions: Simple Genetic Algorithm (SGA), Elitism Genetic Algorithm (EGA), Differential Evolution (DE), and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). Furthermore, we compared proposed genetic algorithm for melody with the four algorithms for verifying performance. In addition, composition results are introduced and analyzed with respect to musical correctness.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.02a
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• pp.733-738
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• 2008

Serial Music, introduced by A. Sch nberg, is a one of the important composition techniques. This music style has features of pantonality and atonality, so it generates unique atmosphere of modern music. In this paper, we introduce an method of generating serial music using mathematical algorithm. This method generates music that satisfy the requirement that the number of pitches belonged to each pitch class are exactly same, though the requirement is less strict than Sch nberg's definition. To do this, our method uses space-filling curves traversing the twelve tone matrix, which is constructed by the serial series, its inversion and its transpose. Using these curves, we can generate a music that has all notes in the matrix exactly once and adequate repeatness because of the curve's locality. Result music, therefore, can be more suitable for people that are not familiar with modern music, while maintaining the features of pantonality and atonality. This paper also introduces a method of generating extended serial music that uses serialism of duration and dynamic of notes, using multi-dimensional space-filling curves.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.02a
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• pp.618-622
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• 2008

In this paper, we suggest new music composition algorithm based on fractal theory. User can define and control fractal shape by setting an initial state and production rules in L-System. We generate an asymmetric fractal tree based on L-System and probability. Then a music is generated by the fractal tree image using sonification techniques. We introduce two composition algorithm using the fractal tree. First, monophonic music can be generated by mapping x and y axis to velocity and pitch, respectively Second, harmonic music also can be generated by mapping x and y axis to time and pitch, respectively Using our composition algorithm, user can easily generate a music which has repeated pattern created by recursive feature of fractal, and a music which has structure similar to fractal tree image.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.445-451
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• 2016

This paper introduces a postprocessing method, an iteration method for melody, and an average neural network method for learning a large number of songs in order to improve musically insufficient parts in automatic composition using existing artificial neural network. The melody of songs composed by artificial neural networks is produced according to the melodies of trained songs, so it can not be a specific tonality and it is difficult to have a repetitive composition. In order to solve these problems, we propose a postprocessing method that converts the melody composed by artificial neural networks into a melody having a specific tonality according to music theory and an iteration method for melody by iteratively composing measure divisions of artificial neural networks. In addition, the existing training method of many songs has some disadvantages. To solve this problem, we adopt an average neural network that is made by averaging the weights of artificial neural networks trained each song. From some experiments, it was confirmed that the proposed method solves the existing problems.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.189-194
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• 2013

In this paper, chord progress pattern of popular music is analyzed, and based on this optimal chord pattern, bit matrix of melody information is used for the input vector of neural network. Experimental result showed that possibility of computer composition based on neural network is verified. With regard to some given melody, by making use of proposed method, it is also possible to reconstruct the various melody.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2009.10a
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• pp.1059-1062
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• 2009

As the electronic processing of music gradually is developed, there has been growing interest in automatical input of music. As a result, various researches which input music in the computer has been studied. However, previous studies have drawbacks that only the experts can do it. In other words, if beginners would like to use traditional production program of music scores than prior knowledge is required. To resolve this, we propose system painting music scores automatically using a bandwidth of soundsource, after extracting the voice sounds created by amateurs. The System provides amateurs with convenience so that they can compose. As well as, the System provides the ability to play music that produced by the computer. By using the system, amateurs can compose using voice and simple system handling. And, they can make a music that plays desired instruments.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.449-459
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• 2016

This paper proposes a new method to improve the three problems of existing automatic composition method using artificial neural networks. The first problem is that the existing beat post-processing to fit into music theories could not handle all the cases of occurring. The second one is that the pitch space generated by artificial neural networks is distorted because the rest is trained with the pitch on the same neural network with large values. The last problem is caused by the difference between the initial melody and beats given by user and those generated by an artificial neural network in the process of new composition. In order to treat these problems, we propose an enhanced post-processing of beats, initial melody processing, and adoption of artificial neural network for rest. It was found from experiments that the proposed methods totally resolved the three problems.

• Proceedings of the Korea Multimedia Society Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.435-440
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• 2001

컴퓨터에 의한 음악의 처리가 점차 중요한 비중을 차지하여 감에 따라 음악의 신속, 정확한 입력이 크게 요구되고 있다. 서양의 음악을 악보화, 악보의 자동 인식에 관한 연구는 1960년대 후반부터 시작하여 지금은 다양한 악보를 인식하고, 악보를 미디로 변환하는 등 여러 부분에서 활용하고 있다. 그러나 우리의 전통음악을 우리 나라 악보인 정간보로 출력하는 시스템은 아직 존재하지 않는다. 그래서 본 논문에서는 세종 때부터 사용되었던 우리 나라 악보인 정간보에 대해 이해하고 컴퓨터를 통해 정간보를 입력할 수 있는 시스템을 설계 및 구현한다. 또한 사용자가 보다 쉽게 입력할 수 있도록 그래픽 유저 인터페이스(Graphic User Interface)형태로 제공하였다. 제안하는 정간보 이력 에디터 시스템 구현으로 우리 음악을 정간보로 체계적으로 관리할 수 있고 정간보 데이터 베이스(Data Base)가 구축이 되면 국악의 신속한 정보 검색이 가능하다. 향후 정간보 시스템이 체계화되면 우리 음악을 서양의 악보화로, 악보를 미디로 등의 변환이 가능하며 음악 애호가들은 약간 기억나는 악절을 기준으로 곡을 작곡할 수 있을 것이다.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.26 no.7
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• pp.334-342
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• 2007

This paper presents an algorithm for the automatic detection of chord names, scales and tonalities from music file, expressed in MusicXML format which has enough information to determine harmonies vertically like 4-part choir. Chord names are absolute names which can be used and analysed independently of the tonality An algorithm selecting the best chord name is described, which can decide the most appropriate one from ambiguous situations. Candidate musical scales are extracted using the notes in a given time window. The tonalities of the music are determined using the chord names and candidate scales. The final output format of the process is also MusicXML file with chord names, marked non-harmonic notes, relative harmonic symbols and tonalities.