• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.137-140
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• 1987

In brachytherapy of uterine conical cancer using a high dose rate remote afterloading system, it is of prime importance to deliver a accurate dose in each fractionated treatment by minimizing the difference between the pre-treatment planned and post-treatment calculated doses. The post-treatment calculated point A dose was not much different from the pretreatment planned dose (500 cGy). The $average{\pm}standard$ deviation was $500\pm18cGy$ and 84 percent of 82 intracavitary radiotherapy was within the range of $500\pm25cGy$.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.199-206
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• 2003

Purpose: This study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of postoperative radiotherapy, and to investigate the prognostic factors for FIGO stages IB-IIB cervical cancer patients who were treated with simple hysterectomy, or who had high-risk factors following radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymph node dissection. Materials and Methods: Between March 1986 and December 1998, 58 patients, with FIGO stages IB-IIB cervical cancer were included in this study. The indications for postoperative radiation therapy were based on the pathological findings, including lymph node metastasis, positive surgical margin, parametrial extension, lymphovascular invasion, invasion of more than half the cervical stroma, uterine extension and the incidental finding of cervix cancer fellowing simple hysterectomy. All patients received external pelvic radiotherapy, and 5 patients, received an additional intracavitary radiation therapy. The radiation dose from the external beam to the whole pelvis was $40\~50$ Gy. Vagina cuff Irradiation was peformed, after completion of the external beam irradiation, at a low-dose rate of Cs-137, with the total dose of $4488\~4932$ chy (median: 4500 chy) at 5 mm depth from the vagina surface. The median follow-up period was 44 months ($15\~108$ months). Results: The 5-yr actuarial local control rate, distant free survival and disease-free survival rate were $98\%,\;95\%\;and\;94\%$, respectively. A univariate analysis of the clinical and pathological parameters revealed that the clinical stage (p=0.0145), status of vaginal resection margin (p=0.0002) and parametrial extension (p=0.0001) affected the disease-free survival. From a multivariate analysis, only a parametrial extension independently influenced the disease-free survival. Five patients ($9\%$) experienced Grade 2 late treatment-related complications, such as radiation proctitis (1 patient), cystitis (3 patients) and lymphedema of the leg (1 patient). No patient had grade 3 or 4 complications. Conclusion: Our results indicate that postoperative radiation therapy can achieve good local control and survival rates for patients with stages IB-IIB cervical cancer, treated with a simple hysterectomy, as well as for those treated with a radical hysterectomy, and with unfavorable pathological findings. The prognostic factor for disease-free survival was invasion of the parametrium. The prognosic factor identified in this study for treatment failure can be used as a selection criterion for the combined treatment of radiation and che motherapy.

• 대한생식의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1999.11a
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• pp.88.2-89
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• 1999

• The Science & Technology
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• no.9 s.412
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• pp.9-11
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• 2003

은하계도 '약육강식' 장면 촬영 성공/ 아기들의 요람사 원인은 자궁으로 되돌아가는 꿈 때문/ 스트레스, 암세포 전이 촉진/ 녹차 항암효과, 생각보다 탁월/ 과학 · 의학 전공자가 예술 · 법학 전공자보다 장수/ "집안에서는 무조건 금연해야"/ 레이저 대신 태양광선으로 수술/ 넥타이 죄어 매면 녹내장 위험 증가/ 생각만으로 움직이는 휠체어 개발/ 크고 선명할수록 보기 어렵다/ 운동중 수분 과음하면 사망 위험

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.310-314
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• 2013

A 12-year-old, female mixed breed dog presented with a vaginal mass protruding outside the vulva. The patient was non-gravid, with normal defecation and urination. Serum chemistry revealed azotemia and increased alkaline phosphatase. Hematology findings were normal. Blood electrolytes showed mild hypernatremia. Ultrasonography demonstrated severely enlarged uterine horns, a uterine body with anechoic to hypoechoic fluids, and a focal hypoechoic area within the mass of the right uterine tube. On computed tomography, metastasis was not confirmed. Other computed tomography findings suggested a right ovarian cyst, an enlarged, fluid-filled uterus, and an enlarged vagina with a mass. Ovariohysterectomy, episiotomy, and vaginectomy were performed. The case was diagnosed as uterine tube adenocarcinoma, vaginal fibroma, and pyometra. This case is the first reported concurrent occurrence in dogs.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.191-198
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• 2010

Uterine myomas are heterogeneous tumors in composition, size, location, and number; variation in any of these factors could possibly alter the effect on a woman's fertility status. The effect of myomas on fertility has been the subject of many studies. However, a definitive answer is still missing. The location and size of the myomas are the two parameters that influence the success of a future pregnancy. Subserosal myomas seem to have little effect on reproductive outcome. Myomas that compress the uterine cavity with an intramural portion and submucosal myomas significantly reduce pregnancy rates, and should be removed before assisted reproductive techniques are performed. Patients with intramural myomas also may have a poorer reproductive outcome, but the lacks of quality evaluations make this conclusion tenuous at best. Removal of myomas with an intra-cavitary component seems to be of benefit. However there are as yet no data to support myomectomy in the treatment of intramural myomas to improve fertility outcomes. Treatment modality for myomas located at intramural sites should be determined according to clinical status of the patient and doctor's experience.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.84 no.3
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• pp.698-704
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• 2023

According to the 2020 World Health Organization classification, mesonephric-like adenocarcinoma (MLA) is newly categorized as a subtype of endometrial carcinoma and remains a relatively unknown disease owing to its rarity. To the best of our knowledge, radiological findings of MLA have not been reported in the English literature. The uterine MLAs show a worse clinical prognosis and a more aggressive biological behavior than the usual endometrial carcinoma. Herein, we present the imaging findings of a 65-year-old female with a MLA in the uterine corpus. The tumor was a solid endometrial mass with deep myometrial invasion, poor contrast enhancement, and moderate diffusion restriction.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.149-156
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• 1999

Steroid hormone is known to cause the dynamic changes of mammalian uterus during reproductive cycle, which are modulated via hypothalamus-pituitary -gonad reproductive endocrine axis. Although there were so many studies about estrogenic regulation of uterine growth and differentiation. There is little information about the effect of estrogen on the expression of various transcription factors involved in gene expression. Thus the present study was designed to demonstrate E induced expression of c-fos, c-jun, hsp25 mRNA in rat uterus. Employing Northern blot analysis, we studied the temporal expressions of c-fos, c-jun, and hsp25 messenger RNAs (mRNAs) elicited by a single 17beta-estradiol (E) treatment in the uteri of bilaterally ovariectomized adult rats. c-fos, c-jun, and hsp25 mRNA levels were increased and peaked at 3h after E administration, and then c-fos and c-jun mRNA levels were rapidly decreased to basal control level while, increased hsp25 mRNA levels were sustained till 12h post E treatment. To test the estrogenic effect on the increase of c-fos, c-jun, and hsp25 mRNA levels, we also examined the effects of antiestrogen (tamoxifen). Pretreatment with tamoxifen effectively blocked the E-induced increase of c-fos, c-jun, and hsp25 mRNA levels at 3h post E treatment. Present results suggest that transient increase of c-fos and c-jun protooncogene mRNA at the early time and simultaneous expression of hsp25 mRNA contribute to the response of uterine tissues to E in adult female rats.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.113-119
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• 1998

Purpose : Because adenocarcinomas of the uterine cervix have lower 5-year survival rate than squamous cell carcinomas due to early lymph node metastasis and local extension, scrutiny of lymph node metastasis and local extension by radiologic examination is necessary in case of clinically diagnosed or suspected adenocarcinomas. The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether there are specific findings of these tumors, compared with squamous cell carcinomas, through the analysis of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging findings. Materials and Methods : Of 21 pathologically proven cervical adenocarcinomas, MR imaging findings of 18 tumors (histologic staging : two Ib, four IIa, two IIb, one IIIa, and one IIIb) were retrospectively analyzed and compared with those of 40 wquamous cell carcinoma in consecutive patients as a control group. T1-wetighted and fast spin echo T2-weighted images were obtained on the axial and sagittal planes, using a 1.5-T MR scanner. The largest diameter, location, signal intensity and degree of contrast enhancement contour, shape and longitudinal extent of the tumor and associated findings on MR image were analyzed. Results : The largest diameters of cervical adenocarcinomas ranged from 0.8 to 4.1 cm(mean, 2.2 cm). Of 18 adenocarcinomas, nine were of endocervical type. All adenocarcinomas were isointense to surrounding cervical stroma on T1-weighted images and hyperintense(homogeneous in ten, inhomogeneous in eight) on fast spin echo T2-weighted images. Adenocarcinomas enhanced on contrast study in all patients (homogeneous in six, inhomogeneous in 12 with hyperintese enhnacing rim in two). Eight adenocarcinomas had smooth contours and ten had irregular ones. The shape of adenocarcinoma was irregular in eight patients, barrel shape in six, papillary/polypod in three, and nodular in one. All adenocarcinomas involved lower half of the uterine cervix and six tumors extended up to the upper half. Pelvic lymph nodes of more than 1.5cm in diameter in two adenocarcinomas pateints and no detectable small pelvic lymph nodes on MR imaging in one patient were pathologically positive. Hydrometra was associated in two adenocarcinomas patients, and hematometra in one patient. Compared with squamous cell carcinomas, more frequent MR findings of endocervical type and barrel shape in cervical adenocarcinomas were statistically significant. Conclusion : Cervical adenocarcinomas had more frequent MR findings of endocervical type and barrel shape, compared with wquamous cell carcinomas. Adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix may be suspected on MR imaging, when a cervical carcinoma is of barrel shape along the endocervical canal and tends to involve lymth nodes in earlier stages.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.166-171
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• 2013

This study was conducted to evaluate the clinical relevance and effectiveness of ovariectomy (OVE) and ovariohysterectomy (OVH) in terms of postoperative pain behavior and surgical stress. Thirteen healthy intact mongrel purpose-bred female dogs were used in this study. OVE was performed in six dogs whereas OVH was performed in seven dogs. Prior to, 1, 2, 4, 6, 12, and 24 h after surgery, pain assessment was performed by using the Short form of Composite Measure Pain Scale (CMPS-SF) and blood analysis for the determination of glucose, creatine kinase (CK), and cortisol were done. Also, surgical time, duration of anesthesia, and incision length were compared between two groups. As a result, OVH group as opposed to OVE group showed significantly longer in surgical time, duration of anesthesia, and incision length. Also, based on the two-way ANOVA test, the CMPS-SF had significant differences (p < 0.05) between two groups, with the OVE dogs having lower values at 1, 2, 4, and 6 h postoperatively. In addition, in terms of CK, the value at 1, 2, 4, 6, and 12 h were significantly (p < 0.05) increased from the baseline value for the OVH group. However, as for CK in OVE group, the values at 4, 6, and 12 h were significantly increased from the baseline value. As for blood glucose, a significant (p < 0.05) increase from the baseline was shown at 1 h postoperatively in OVH group and no significant increase was shown in OVE group. In terms of serum cortisol level, the values at the 1 and 2 h were significantly (p < 0.05) increased from the baseline value for both groups. In conclusion, our study has shown that OVE can be considered as a superior choice in terms of sterilization technique in female dogs, considering shorter incision length, surgical time, duration of anesthesia along with lower pain and surgical stress response than OVH.