• Title/Summary/Keyword: 잎 해부

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Leaf Injury Induced by Temperature Drop Shock in Gesneriaceae and Acanthaceae Plants (Gesneriaceae와 Acnathaceae과 식물에서 급격한 엽온저하에 의해 발생하는 엽상해)

  • Yun, Jae Gill;Yang, Soo Jung;Hayashi, Takahiro;Yazawa, Susumu
    • Horticultural Science & Technology
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    • v.19 no.2
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    • pp.153-158
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    • 2001
  • Leaf spots in Saintpaulia leaves are caused by temperature drop shock (TDS). This TDS-mediated leaf injury has not been reported in other plants besides Saintpaulia. To investigate how many and what kinds of plants are susceptible to temperature drop shock, Gesneriaceae and Acanthaceae plants were treated with TDS (from $30^{\circ}C$ to $15^{\circ}C$ or $5^{\circ}C$). Yellow or brown spots were found in 26 species or cultivars of 10 genuses of Gesneriaceae plants and in 8 species or cultivars of 7 genuses of Acanthaceae plants. Morphologically and anatomically no similarity was observed among the plants susceptible to TDS. Some plants have very thin and hard leaves, whereas other plants have thick and soft leaves. In spite of this non-similarity, the injury was restricted only to palisade cells as those of Saintpaulia leaves. Also the rapid and irreversible reduction of chlorophyll fluorescence was observed soon after TDS treatment in those plants. These results indicate that leaf injury induced by TDS is a more widespread leaf injury than has previously been thought.

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Plant Growth and Anatomical Characteristics of Korean Mistel(Viscum album var. coloratum(kom.)Ohwi) (한국산 겨우살이의 생장과 조직해부학적 특성)

  • Park, Chung-Heon;Park, Chun-Geun;Bang, Kyong-Hwan;Park, Hee-Woon;Seong, Nak-Sul
    • Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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    • v.11 no.2
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    • pp.122-126
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    • 2003
  • This study was conducted to investigate plant growth characteristics and anatomical studies of Korean mistel (Viscum album var. coloratum (Kom.) Ohwi). Parasite position was upper part that has a plenty of sunshine area 5 to 10m apart from the ground, regardless host tree. Stem developed two branch stems from the each basal stem, leaf was grown from the end stems as opposite. Fruit has a light yellow color and berry size was 7 to 8 mm long diameter and it contains seed. Floral bud differentiation initiated with forming rounded dome and arch-shaped floral apex at the beginning stage, and produced heart-shaped sepal following the differentiation of leaf primordia. Floral bud formation processed centeral part first and following bilateral sides were developed in order. Leaf was thick and stoma and guard cell were observed from the two or three inner layers from the epidermis. Mistletoe penetrated cork cambium of host plant and was growing by rooting on xylem. Korean mistel connected to host plant through parasitic organ, haustorium structurally and physiologically.

Morphological Characteristics of Growth of Rice and Barnyardgrass under Various Cropping Patterns - IV. Difference in Morphological and Anatomical Response to Butachlor (재배양식(栽培樣式)에 따른 벼와 피의 생장(生長) 및 해부형태학적(解剖形態學的) 차이(差異) - IV. 재배양식(栽培樣式)에 따른 제초제(除草劑) Butachlor에 대(對)한 벼와 피간(間)의 해부형태학적(解剖形態學的) 반응(反應) 차이(差異))

  • Chon, S.U.;Guh, J.O.;Kim, Y.J.
    • Korean Journal of Weed Science
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    • v.14 no.3
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    • pp.199-211
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    • 1994
  • Butachlor applied pre-emergence at 3.6kg ai/ha inhibited the growth and developments of shoot of barnyardgrass under dry condition, whereas rice was unaffected. Growth of rice and barnyardgrass under water condition was severely inhibited by treatment of butachlor but that of transplanted rice was not affected. The inhibition rate was higher under water condition, in broadcast rice and direct seeded rice than under dry condition, drilled rice and transplanted rice, respectively. The major anatomical response of stem of barnyardgrass seedling to butachlor under dry condition were partial reduction in thickness and collapse of leaf sheath, while not in rice. Broadcast rice on soil under water condition appeared reduction and constriction of leaf primordia thickness, and barnyardgrass formed tubular-like leaves and showed inhibited elongation of apical meristem. On the other hand, transplanted rice did not show these responses.

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A Study on the Domatia Structure of Broad-leaved Trees in Korea (한국산 활엽수종의 도마티아 구조에 대한 연구)

  • Kim, Gab-Tae;Choo, Gab-Cheul;Kim, Hoi-Jin
    • Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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    • v.24 no.3
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    • pp.258-263
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    • 2010
  • To study on the typical domatia structure, the leaves of six broad-leaved tree species were examined. Domatia of the leaves of the broad-leaved trees is the defense strategies against hervivory of many broad-leaved tree species. We observed four type domatia; Pouch type, Tuft type, Pocket type, and Pocket + tuft type. This result suggests that broad-leaved trees have develope leaf domatia structures for mutualism with predatory mites.

Leaf epidermal structure of the Allium L. and its taxonomic significance (부추속(Allium L.) 잎 표피의 구조와 이의 분류학적 중요성)

  • Choi, Hyeok-Jae;Jang, Chang-Gee;Ko, Sung-Chul;Oh, Byoung-Un
    • Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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    • v.34 no.2
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    • pp.97-118
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    • 2004
  • A comparative anatomical and ultrastructural study was undertaken to investigare on the leaf epidermis by light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). On the basis of results from this study, it was grasped major characters of taxa and variation range of each character on the level of species, section and subgenus respectively. The shape of leaf epidermal cell was oblong to linear, which was varied by each taxon. Epidermal cell of taxa in sects. Microscordum, Anguinum, and Rhizirideum, which had wide leaf blade, oblong instead of linear shape in others examined taxa in this study. The leaf of taxa in sect. Anguinum was hypostomatic, while the rest of taxa had amphistomatic leaf. This was also one of characters which could discriminate taxa of sect. Anguinum from others. The guard cell in investigated taxa had not so much variation in the respect of its size. The number of stomata per unit area reduced by increasing size of epidermal cell, the fewest number of stomata per unit area was found in the taxa of sect. Anguinum. The type of stomatal apparatus of observed all taxa was anomocytic. It was found to know ultrastructural variation in the epidermal cell, like as patterns of sculpture on the cell wall, and features of deposition of wax by SEM. There were no depositions of wax in the taxa of sect. Microscordum and Anguinum, but fine thread-like structures which were parallel or cross to axis was found on the surface of epidermal cell respectively. The patterns of sculpture on the cell were prominent straight in sects. Recticulato-bulbosa and Rhizirideum, discontinuous line in the sect. Oreiprason. The epicuticular wax had been deposited on the surface of its epidermal cell in all taxa except sects. Microscordum and Anguinum.

Anatomy and Artificial Seed Propagation in Anti -cancer Plant Orostachys japonicus A. Berger (항암식물 와송의 해부 형태적 관찰과 대량 증식에 의한 인공재배연구)

  • 신동영;이영만;김학진
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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    • v.39 no.2
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    • pp.146-157
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    • 1994
  • Wasong(Orostachys japonicus A. Berger) has been used as anti-cancer medicinal plants from ancient time. This experiment was conducted to obtain some fundamental informations concerning anatomical study, germination test, soil analysis of indigenious districks, adaptaion of soil for wasong. The leaf of wasong was xerotype with spine, mesophyl chloroplast is dense surrounded vascular bundle, with a many large water storage tissue without chloroplast, and was bifacial stomata leaf type. The stem of wasong was amphicribral vascular bundle, central cylinder was cylinder type and protostele. Root was polarch type, potoxylem of it's was arranged in ring shape of annulation and metaxylem. The structure of flower was cymose, was caylyx of 5 sepals, corolla of 5 petals, roecium of 10 stames, ovules of five, placentation parietal, ovary superior, axile placenta. The optimum temperature for seed germination was $25^{\circ}C$ under light and germination percentage was 22.5%. Dormancy breaking was effective for 6-8 days at 5$^{\circ}C$ and at 100 ppm level of $GA_3$ The soil analysis of wasong local districks, content of available $P_2O_5$, Ca were higer than optimal level of upland and C.E.C., exchangeable k was not significantly different of that, but exchangeable magnesium was very low. The growth of wasong was affected draining regardless soil combination treatment.

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Effects of Diniconazole Application on Anatomical and Biochemical Characteristics Related to Stress Tolerance in Lilum davuricum (날개하늘나리에 있어서 디니코나졸 처리가 스트레스 내성과 관련된 해부학적 및 생화학적 특성에 미치는 영향)

  • Eum, Sun-Jung;Park, Kyeung-Il;Choi, Young-June;Oh, Wook;Kim, Kiu-Weon
    • Horticultural Science & Technology
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    • v.30 no.3
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    • pp.229-235
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    • 2012
  • This study was carried out to examine the effects of foliar-sprayed diniconazole on the morphological characteristics and the contents of polyamines (PA) and proline, and to investigate their relationship with stress tolerance in Lilium davuricum native to Korea. Plants with 5 cm mean height were sprayed with $50mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ diniconazole or distilled water (control) and grown in a greenhouse maintained at 23/$18^{\circ}C$ (day/night) for 30 days. Diniconazole decreased plant height, leaf length, diameter and length of the pith and cortical cell of the stem, while it increased the thickness and epicuticular wax of leaves measured at 30 days after treatment. In polyamines contents, diniconazole increased spermidine content at 5-10 days after treatment and spermine content after the 10th day of treatment as compared with the control. Diniconazole decreased proline content after the 10th day of treatment as compared with the control. From these results, it was concluded that foliar-sprayed diniconazole might morphologically and biochemically improve the stress tolerance of this plant species.

Cross-sectional Cell Anatomy and Physiological Growth Responses of Cells in Root Growth Zones of Two Tall Fescue Genotypes at Two Nitrogen Levels (톨페스큐 뿌리생장부위의 횡적 해부구조 및 세포생장의 생리적 반응에 대한 질소효과)

  • Beom Heon, Song;Curtis J, Nelson
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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    • v.40 no.3
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    • pp.297-307
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    • 1995
  • Anatomical and physiological studies of sink tissues are required for better understanding the biological plant growth system and energy metabolism Anatomy of root growth zones of two genotypes of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) receiving 50 or 200 ppm N were determined, Cross-sectional anatomy and cells responses of root growth zones were observed and examined. Rapid radial root expansion occurred within the first 1.0 mm from root apex, and then increased gradually for both genotypes and N levels. Another increase in diameter occurred at high N after cell elongation slowed near 3.0 mm. Area of the central cylinder cell increased rapidly near the root apex. However, it then decreased again about 1.0 to 1.5 mm from the apex, perhaps because of pressure from the rapid increase of root diameter due largely to an increasing proportion of cortex and epidermis or hypodermis in the distal portion of the root growth zone. Root area from the apical initial to 6.0 mm distal consisted of 10 to 18% epidermis or exodermis, 67 to 79% cortex, and 10 to 22% vascular cylinder cells containing cambium cells (6 to 20%) and xylem cells (0.8 to 2.5%). These data indicate that N application affects root growth radially by increasing mainly cortex cell area, with less effect on epidermis and central cylinder cells.

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Germinability, Morphological Development during Germination and Anatomical Observation Gentiana scabra Bunge var. buergeri Max. (자생 용담의 발아성 및 발아과정 중의 형태 형성과 조직의 해부학적 관찰)

  • Son, Byung-Gu;Choi, Young-Hwan;An, Jong-Gil;Cho, Dong;Kang, Jum-Soon;Jung, Yong-Mo;Kwon, Oh-Chang
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.9 no.2
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    • pp.127-135
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    • 1999
  • Gentiana scabra Bunge var buergeri Max, can be widely used such as cut-flower, ornamental and medicinal plant among the native plants. Microscopic and Scanning electron microscopic observation plant were carried out to estimates the characteristics correlated with germinability and germination process, and the results were as follows. The seeds were germinated just after harvest, and it means that there is no or little dormancy of the seeds. Matured seeds showed higher germinability than those of immatured. As the storage period was longer, immatured seeds showed shorter longevity than those of matured. The average longevity was about 190 days. According to the observation results of morphological changes during the germination, seed coat was expanded with water absorption immediately after seeding, and radicals were observed 2 days after seeding. Root hairs were formed behind the growing tip of the root on 4 days after seeding and cotyledon were unfolded on 6 days after seeding. In the microscopic observation of leaf tissues, it could be easily distinguished between midrib, and leaf blade, and also observed upper epidermis, palisade parenchyma and spongy parenchyma consisted as a sing1e layer. Palisade parenchyma was consisted of a single layer of cell. Stomata were restricted lower surface, arranged as anamocytic type, and surrounded by guard cells. In the microscopic anatomy of stem were consisted of cortical layer, forming a single layer of epidermis and parenchyma, and vascular bundle which was consisted of continuous cylinder of vascular tissues.

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Physiological and Structural Damages in Acorus calamus var. angustatus as Native Aquatic Plants to Cadmium (카드뮴에 의한 수생식물 창포의 생리적·구조적 장해)

  • Lee, Sung-Chun;Kim, Wan-Soon
    • Horticultural Science & Technology
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    • v.30 no.4
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    • pp.371-377
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    • 2012
  • This study was conducted to investigate the physiological and structural damages to cadmium (Cd) in Acorus calamus var. angustatus as a native aquatic species in Korea. In addition to the physiological responses such as plant growth, photosynthesis, and root activity, the structural damages in leaf and root tissues were observed through light and scanning electronic microscopy. The five-leaf plants were treated with different Cd concentrations 0, 10, 25, and 50 ${\mu}M$ for 15 days. The plant damages to Cd were significant at 10-25 ${\mu}M$ Cd physiologically and at 25-50 ${\mu}M$ Cd structurally. The physiological damages in the shoot part (photosynthesis) started at 10 ${\mu}M$ Cd whereas those in root part (root activity) were serious above 25 ${\mu}M$ Cd. On the other hand, the structural damages began at 25 ${\mu}M$ Cd in the leaf and root tissues similarly, but the plant tissue destruction was more serious in the roots than in leaves. Based on the plant physiological and structural damages, 10 ${\mu}M$ was assumed to be the limited concentration for sustainable growth and landscaping ability in Acorus calamus var. angustatus to Cd.