• Title/Summary/Keyword: 잎의 극성

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Regulation of Leaf Polarity during Leaf Development (잎의 발생과정에 있어서의 극성제어)

  • Cho, Kiu-Hyung;Jun, Sang-Eun;Tsukaya , Hirokazu;Kim, Gyung-Tae
    • Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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    • v.38 no.1
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    • pp.51-61
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    • 2008
  • Leaves are indeterminate organs and possess a lot of genes which is involved in establishing leaf polarities. These polarities are regulated relatively early during leaf development and defined relative to the factors intrinsic to the primordia and interactions with the shoot apical meristem (SAM). Recently, several genes that control the polarity of lateral organs have been identified. Our genetic study of deformed root and leaf1 (drl1) mutant, which produces narrow, filament‐like leaves and defective meristems, revealed that DRL1 is involved in the regulation of SAM activity and leaf polarity. The DRL1 gene was found to encode a novel protein showing homology to Elongator‐associate protein (EAP) of yeast KTI12. The amino acid sequence of DRL1 is universally conserved in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. DRL1 and the plant DRL1 homologs clearly formed a monophyletic clade, suggesting the evolutionary conservation of DRL1 homologs was maintained in the genomes of all land plants.

Effects of Cations on Adventitious Bud Formation on the Midvein of Leaf Segment in Poplar (포플라 잎절편의 중늑에서 부정아 형성에 미치는 양이온의 영향)

  • 김수진
    • Journal of Plant Biology
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    • v.34 no.1
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    • pp.25-30
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    • 1991
  • This study was designed to investigate the relationships of cations to the polar regeneration of adventitious buds on midvein segments of poplar leaves. Basal regeneration was disturbed by adding $Ca^{2+}$. When higher concentration of exogeneous $Ca^{2+}$ was added to the WPM (Woody Plant Medium), the more adventitious buds were formed on midvein segments, and polar regeneration was inhibited. Added $Ca^{2+}$ from 0 to 9.70 mM with 0.5 mM of EGT A to WPM decreased the calcium effect. The treatment of $La^{3+$ with 7.05 mM of $Ca^{2+}$ ovecame the effect of $Ca^{2+}$. The cations $Mg^{2+}\;and\;K^{+}$ also caused regeneration on both basal and distal site. However, polar regeneration was maintained in the medium containing $Ca^{2+}$ without $Mg^{2+}$. The above result suggests that exogenous $Ca^{2+}$ or cations inhibit polar regeneration of poplar.poplar.

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Physiological and Antibacterial Activity of Bamboo (Sasa coreana Nakai) Leaves (대나무(신의대)잎의 생리활성 및 항균성 효과)

  • 김미정;변명우;장명숙
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.25 no.1
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    • pp.135-142
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    • 1996
  • 대나무잎(신의대)을 70% ethanol로 $80\pm2^{\circ}C에서$ 추출하고 극성이 다른 4가기 용매로 확분하여 생리활성 및 항균성을 검토하였다. 70% ethanol extract는 높은 항산화력을 나타내었고, 70% ethanol extract로부터 얻어진 각 용매별 추출 획분이 지질과 산화물 생성 억제와 malonaldehyde 생성 억제 효과는 ethyl acetate 획분 $\geq$ diethyl ether 획분 $\geqpetroleum$ ether 획분 > n-butanol 획분 > 수용성 획분의 순이었다. 전자공여능, 아질산염 제거능 및 항보체 활성은 n-butanol 획분이 다른 획분에 비하여 가장 높은 효과를 보였고 70% ethanol extract의 경우에도 전자고영능, 아질산염 제거능 및 항보체 활성이 높게 나타났다. 미생물인 Vib-rio parahaemoluticus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhimurium, Enterobacter aerogenes, Staphylococcus aureus 등에서 항균력을 나타내었다.

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Antioxidant Activities of Extracts from Artemisia capillaris $T_{HUNB}$. and Artemisia iwayomogi $K_{ITAM}$. used as Injin (인진(茵蔯)으로 쓰이는 사철쑥과 더위지기 추출물의 항산화 활성)

  • Seo, Kyoung-Sun;Yun, Kyeong-Won
    • Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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    • v.21 no.4
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    • pp.292-298
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    • 2008
  • The antioxidant activities of Artemisia capillaris and Artemisia iwayomogi used as Injin (Korean herbal name) were investigated. The DPPH radical scavenging activity of the ethylacetate fractions obtained from the Artemisia capillaris and Artemisia iwayomogi was higher than other fractions. No DPPH radical scavenging activity was observed in hexane frcations. The nitrite scavenging activity was the highest at pH 1.2, and the peroxide value for linoleic acid was increased during the incubation.

Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of Various Solvent Extract from Different Parts of Loquat (Eriobotrya japonica, Lindl.) (비파 부위별 용매추출물의 항균 및 항산화 활성)

  • 심기환;배영일;정영철
    • Food Science and Preservation
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    • v.9 no.1
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    • pp.97-101
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    • 2002
  • Antimicrobial and antioxidative activities of various solvent extracts from different parts of the loquat were investigated to process it as the functional food. The extraction yield showed higher in butanol fraction of 4.95% in peel and 4.42% in seed than others, but water fraction showed high extraction yield of 3.89% in leafs 23.6% in the seedless fruit and 21.1% in fresh, In the antimicrobial activity test, ethyl acetate fraction that leaf and fruit excluded seed inhibited higher 19, 15 mm and 16, 15 m in clear zone far Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli in each. Ethyl acetate fraction that extracted from a series of polar and nonpolar solvent fractionation of methanol extracts showed better results in the hydrogen donating activity of 82% in leaf, 74% in seedless fruit, 68% in seed, 52% in peel and 30% in fresh.

Selective Adsorption of Flavonoids Compounds from the Leaf of Ginkgo biloba L. (은행(Ginkgo biloba L)의 잎으로부터의 Flavonoids 화합물의 선택적 흡착)

  • 윤성용;최원재박종문
    • KSBB Journal
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    • v.11 no.6
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    • pp.726-732
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    • 1996
  • Selective adsorption of plant metabolites from a polar dilute solution onto a polycarboxyl ester sorbent (XAD-7) was investigated. Experimental results demonstrated that neutral resins could selectively concentrate specific flavonoids from dilute aqueous mixtures. Adsorption was dependent on the pH of medium, dosage of the resins and medium composition. Especially the medium composition was a key factor for the selective adsorption and it was found that the selective adsorption was dependent on specific sorbent-sorbate-medium characteristics. Under the optimum condition, selectivity increased up to 85% and the yield of recovery was approached to 98%. It was also found that XAD-7 adsorbed flavonoids in the order of hydrophobicity.

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Effect of varying ethanol concentrations on the extraction properties and physiological activity of Artemisia annua L. (에탄올 농도 조건이 개똥쑥 추출 및 생리활성에 미치는 영향)

  • Kim, Kyeoung Cheol;Kim, Ju-Sung
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.52 no.2
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    • pp.130-137
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    • 2020
  • The present study was undertaken to compare the effects exerted by different extraction solvents on the extraction of active components, such as polyphenols and flavonoids, from the dried leaves of Artemisia annua L. Different extracts were prepared using a heating mantle. The extraction solvents used were distilled water, and 20, 40, 60, 80, and 99.5% ethanol solution. It was observed that the 40% ethanol solution yielded the most significant results in the extraction of various phytochemicals with phenol concentration of 154.8±0.28 mg of gallic acid equivalent/g and flavonoid content of 25.28±0.01 mg quercetin equivalent/g. However, based on the extraction solvent used, varying trends were observed in the antioxidant, enzyme inhibition, and bacterial inhibition analyses. It was concluded that the extraction solvent should be selected based on the purpose of use of the dried leaves of A. annua L.

Flavor Components of the Fruit Peel and Leaf Oil from Zanthoxylum piperitum DC (초피(Zanthoxylum piperitum DC)의 과피와 잎의 방향성분)

  • Kim, Jung-Han;Lee, Kyung-Seok;Oh, Won-Taek;Kim, Kyoung-Rae
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.21 no.4
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    • pp.562-568
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    • 1989
  • The essential oils from ripe fruit peel and leaf of Zanthoxylum piperitum DC were extracted by gas co-distillation method and analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/ MS) and retention index matching. The experimental results revealed the presence of over 100 volatile components. Major components were 1,8-cineol (25.47%), limonene (11.91%), geranyl acetate (9.01%), myrcene (6.15%) in fruit peel and citronellal (23.11%), 1,8-cineol (18.38%), citronellol (6.04%) in leaf. Among the components identified were the following; in fruit peel, ${\alpha}-pinene$ and 13 hydrocarbons, linalool and 8 alcohols, citronellal and 3 aldehydes, carvone and 2 kotones, methyl salicylate and 7 esters, and 1,8-cineol and oxides, and in leaf, ${\alpha}-pinene$ and 7 hydrocarbons, linalool and 7 alcohols, citronellyl acetate and 5 esters, citronellal and 1 aldehyde, carvone, and 1,8-cineol and 1 oxide.

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Antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of solvent fractions from black bamboo leaves (오죽 잎 용매분획물의 항산화 및 항균 활성)

  • Bae, Hyun-Kyung;Chung, Shin-Kyo
    • Food Science and Preservation
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    • v.21 no.4
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    • pp.560-564
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    • 2014
  • To investigate the natural antioxidant and antimicrobial phytochemicals from black bamboo (Phyllostachys nigra MUNRO) leaves, the solvent fractions from crude methanol extract were made with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and butanol, and their antioxidant and antimicrobial activities were determined. The antioxidant activities were examined by 1,1-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method and ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) method, and the antimicrobial activities against Staphylococcus aureus were tested by paper disc agar diffusion method. Total phenolic contents and total flavonoid contents of the solvent fractions were also determined. The ethyl acetate fraction with the highest total phenolic contents among all fractions showed the strong antioxidant activities by DPPH method and FRAP method, and antimicrobial activities against S. aureus at all test concentrations. Caffeic acid, ferulic acid, quercetin, and kaempferol were analyzed by HPLC in the ethyl acetate fraction from black bamboo leaves by the comparison with the standard chemicals. It is supposed that the ethyl acetate fraction from black bamboo leaves could be used as natural preservatives in the food industry.

Nitrite-scavenging and Antimutagenic Effects of Various Solvent Extract from Different Parts of Loquat (Eriobotrya japonica, Lindl.) (비파 부위별 용매추출물의 아질산염 소거 및 항돌연변이 효과)

  • 심기환;배영일;정창호
    • Food Science and Preservation
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    • v.9 no.1
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    • pp.92-96
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    • 2002
  • The nitrite-scavenging and antimutagenic effects of various solvent extracts from different parts of the loquat. were investigated to develope as source of functional food. The nitrite-scavenging and antimutagenic effects of fractions obtained from methanol extract were most highest in ethyl acetate fraction. Ethyl acetate fraction showed better results in the nitrite scavenging activity of 80% in leaf, 81% in seedless fruit, 73% in peel and 63% in seed. The antimutagenic effect showed strong ethyl acetate fraction of 53.1%, 48.3% in leaf and seedless fruit. The antimutagenic effect increased with increasing concentration of ethyl acetate fraction against mutagenicity induced by direct mutagen of IQ in Salmonella typhimurium TA 100. Addition of 2.5 mg and 5 mg of ethyl acetate fraction showed inhibitory effect of 65.5%, 71.2% in leaf and 63.4%, 69.2% in seedless fruit, respectively.