• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.318-328
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• 2017

In order to provide basic data for the ecological management of forest vegetation in Southern Naeyeon Mountains, A total of 149 sample plots were selected and vegetation survey was carried out by the phytosociological method of the ZM school to classify vegetation types and to grasp ecological characteristics. The forest vegetation was divided into 10 types in terms of species composition, and had a unit hierarchy of 2 community groups, 4 communities, 6 sub-communities and 6 variants. A total of 19 types of physiognomic vegetation were identified based on uppermost dominant species, of which 18 were natural vegetation and 1 was artificial vegetation. As a result of the analysis of the importance values of constituent species, Quercus mongolica, a potentially natural vegetation element, was found to be relatively more important in most stands than other species, and excluding the artificial interference, most of the areas except for some sites would be changed to Q. mongolica forest. In order to understand the spatial distribution of forest vegetation, 1/5,000 large-scale physiognomic vegetation map was created by the uppermost dominant species. As a result, natural vegetation accounted for 98.2%, the number of vegetation patches was 733 and the average area per patch 3.93ha.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.395-403
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• 2011

This study was conducted to investigate the habitat positional environment and vegetation properties of Mankyua chejuense. The habitats were classified into two types depending on the depth of the habitat, the ratio of rock exposure, the dominant species and the surrounding vegetation, which affected the vegetation of the habitats. The habitats with a high ratio of rock exposure showed a distinctive geographical boundary to the adjacent region and most of them were composed of trees that grow in humid environment. On the contrary, in the soil-rich habitats, the depth was shallow, soil layer was well developed, and the trees were introduced from the adjacent areas. However, the dominant species in the herbaceous layer were aquatic plants, which indicated that the habitats had the properties of wetland. Therefore, it was found that thes habitats of Mankyua chejuense have the properties similar to those of marshland. For the preservation of Mankyua chejuense, it is very important to make the habitats maintain such properties of wetland.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.218-225
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• 2016

Various strategies and management plans have been established in order to conserve water quality as well as ecosystem, prevent deterioration of scenic area, and more importantly, retain drinking water securely. However, due to the introduction of numerous small-scale development projects on the waterside area outside protection area of source water and reparian area, river water quality and landscape are severely deteriorated. In this study, We analyzed the expected environmental impacts on the ecosystem, topograph, geology, landscape, water quality according to development type, and assigned different environmental points to each development type depend on environmental impacts, which is able to divide small-scale development project into three categories such as projects with rigorous review, projects with general review and projects with simple review. Finally, we suggested the appraisal basement is to avoid or minimize the expected environment impacts of the small-scale development projects in riparian areas so that make them sustainable development by reasonable restriction.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.389-406
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• 2023

The research area, located in the northern coastal region of South Korea's West Sea, involves three bird habitats. Among these are two newly established habitats in Songdo International Business District, created by filling and developing tidal flats that were previously utilized as stopover sites for migratory birds. One of these areas showed decrease (Residual tidal flats, site.1) while the other showed increase (Artificial lake, site.2) in bird influx. The third habitat (Namdong reservoir, site.3) is a pre-existing stable habitat which has been maintained as a stable habitat. This study conducts an assessment of habitats based on avian population clusters and environmental surveys and proposes habitat management measures. A survey of bird populations and habitat environments was conducted for a total of 39 occasions from January to December 2022. The observed bird species totaled 14 families and 48 species with 20,760 individuals. Compared to the existing habitats, the newly established habitats showed relatively lower influx of bird species and individuals. During the habitat assessment, the newly established habitats were rated as I to II grade, while the existing habitat was rated as relatively high III grade on the grading assessment of the tidal flat. An analysis of habitat types revealed that the existing habitat, in which diverse strategies for habitat type diversity and mitigating anthropogenic interference were demonstrated, attracted a diverse range of bird species. Through this research, it was deduced that the diversity of habitat types plays a significant role in attracting various bird species. Upon evaluation of habitat types concerning the habitat characteristics of the bird species selected for habitat management, as habitat management measures, it is deemed that the creation of shielded green areas (referred to as 'buffer green') to minimize interference from the surroundings, the establishment of reed fields (site.1, 2) positively correlated with reservoirs, and the improvement of sandbanks (site.1) positively associated with tidal flats, the two relations which we drew from correlation analysis between occurrence species and habitat types, would contribute to the future restoration and maintenance of stable habitats. The results of this study can be applied not only to the study area but also to other development zones, such as coastal reclamation sites, which share similar geographical and environmental characteristics, including arrival sites for migratory birds.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.131-152
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• 2005

The purpose of this paper is to find out the spatial characteristics of the relationships between urban large retailer and agro-food suppliers. For this purpose, Dong-A department store which is one of the most famous local distribution company was selected as a case study firm. The case study company has its own systematic food supply chain in the process of food procurement, selection, delivery, and marketing. It mainly does businesses in Daegu and Gyeongbuk province, but also procures and delivers products all around the country. Customers' recent concerns over the freshness and the period of circulation made the company use the local physical distribution system that it purchases products in nearby areas and perform procurement and delivery in nationwide areas. It is identified that trading types are significantly different by locations of suppliers in that more thin 40$\%$ of suppliers in Daegu are food manufacturers, whereas suppliers in Gyeongbuk mainly belong to the ones in fresh food production areas. In terms of durability of the retailer-supplier relation, the case study firm has relatively long-term relationship with suppliers, maintaining the relationship fer over 5 years in more than 70$\%$ of suppliers.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.391-404
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• 2005

This paper attempts to show the status and network characteristic of regional innovation support agencies(company support agencies and R&D institutes, RISA) which play an important role in the regional system of innovation in Daegu City, using questionnaire data. Most of these agencies were established in 1990s and tend to locate in Buk-Gu and Dalsu-Gu, being major local universities which retain a large number of R&D and industry support agencies. The business areas of the agencies are largely associated with business training and applied research. Their major role is to provide the information that local firms need to acquire. It shows that they have relationships with 1 to 5 agencies, primarily in the form of informal network, for the purpose of sharing information and knowledge about science/technology and market trend. There are not many spin-offs from RISA. But most of spin-offs from RISA are located in Daegu City and maintain cooperative relationships with their parent organization primarily in the form of formal network. The main purpose of cooperative relationships with RISA is to interchange knowledges about technology.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.20-32
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• 2013

This study is aimed at identifying the relationship of transit accessibility types to its related travel frequency in the Seoul metropolitan area. A multi-level poisson regression model is employed after categorizing transit accessibility into 18 types based on locations of residential and work workplace. Analysis results offer three policy implications in improving transit use in the Seoul metropolitan area. First, increase in transit ridership can be more effectively attained when policies concerning both competitive and complementary relationships between bus and rail transit are incorporated. Second, transfer system needs to be focused on such two modal perspectives as one travels from Seoul to suburban area and residential areas given the fact that walking accessibility to bus transit is good but that to rail transit is poor. Third, it is more effective to emphasize rail transit priority rather than bus transit, especially for the travel from suburban area to the city of Seoul in order to increase transit ridership.

• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.83-96
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• 2012

The origins of beaches at Byeonsan Peninsular, as a pocket type, are classified to a sand barrier type and wave-cut type. The beaches had developed by the deposition of the silt and clay layers on the 10m height from sea level in the inner bay during climax era of postglacial transgression. At that time, some sands had blown toward the inland hills to form aeolian deposits. After postglacial sea-level stabilization, sometimes, there has been the negative budget of beach materials. Recently, beaches have been transformed by human impact such as construction of Saemangeum sea-wall, especially in the Byeonsan and Gosapo beaches being close to the sea-wall. So the speed of tidal currents become slower and comparatively depositoinal activity stronger. And the level of chemical weathering has been higher. In Byeonsan beach, the ratio of coarse sand decreased with higher ratio of finer materials and by beach erosion dissected runnels developed, running parallel to the coastline. In Gosapo beach, supply of suspended materials are increased through the Garyeok drainage gate, the sands tend to be finer.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.34-46
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• 2009

and to provide (case example-focused) guidelines for environment-friendly oriented plans. Key findings of this study are as follows : first, a total of 2,465 development projects covering $173km^2$ were undertaken in Gyeonggi province in last three years. Second, based on the analysis of 16 development projects in four types, about 20 alternative environment-friendly location were suggested. Thirdly, 56 environment-friendly criteria were suggested for the environmental assessment items by setting at least three alternatives. Going forward, if discussion case examples by project type, environment-friendly location criteria by project type, and environment friendly review criteria by assessment item suggested in this study are fully utilized when initiating or approving various development projects in the future, environment-friendliness will be enhanced in development projects.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.41-60
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• 2002

It has been ten years since Daily Living Information Newspapers are first circulated as an useful local information source for everyday life in Korea. The circulation region is formed by the population size according to each type and sometimes, everyday life space across the boundaries of metropolitan area or province. The Daily Living Information Newspapers published in the area where corporations are located are distinguished from the others by region-attached advertisements. And their circulation regions of them are more detailed.