• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.234-245
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• 2013

In order to examine the amount and rate of soil erosion on Ridge Traversing Trail in Jirisan National Park, a cross-sectional area of hiking trail were monitored at 16 sites in Nogodan - Samdobong section from November 2011 to April 2012. Although all sites demonstrates an enlarged cross-section of trail, the amount of soil erosion varies from site to site: 54.9 to $908.8cm^2$. It suggests that the erosional rate ranges from $0.1cm^2/day$ to $1.72cm^2/day$. The erosional amount is also varied with a trail type: $109.3cm^2$ for a shallow gully-like trail to $573.2cm^2$ for a unilateral trail. However, the cross-sectional change is larger on a sidewall than a tread irrespective of a trail type. The erosional amounts of November to April are smaller than that of May to October. In particular, the erosional amount of November 2011 to April 2012 is smaller than the depositional amount, implying a reduced cross-section of trail. Pipkrake action puts loose soil particles on a sidewall on March and April, and then rainwash due to a heavy rainfall takes them away after May. It seems to be the most predominant erosional process in Ridge Traversing Trail. A sidewall facing north shows a larger amount of erosion than a sidewall facing south. It also implies a difference in the development of a pipkrake according to an aspect. The small amount of erosion and cross-sectional decrease, which is usually observed on April, results from the combined effect of frost heaving, pipkrake action, a small rainfall and a temporary suspension of trampling. It is necessary to establish the monitoring system of trail erosion in terms of the management of hiking trail in a mountain national park.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.235-238
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• 2008

The Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) was initiated in August 1985 to develop new generation water erosion prediction technology for federal agencies involved in soil and water conservation and environmental planning and assessment. Developed by USDA-ARS as a replacement for empirical erosion prediction technologies, the WEPP model simulates many of the physical processes important in soil erosion, including infiltration, runoff, raindrop detachment, flow detachment, sediment transport, deposition, plant growth and residue decomposition. The WEPP included an extensive field experimental program conducted on cropland, rangeland, and disturbed forest sites to obtain data required to parameterize and test the model. A large team effort at numerous research locations, ARS laboratories, and cooperating land-grant universities was needed to develop this state-of-the-art simulation model. The WEPP model is used for hillslope applications or on small watersheds. Because it is physically based, the model has been successfully used in the evaluation of important natural resources issues throughout the United State and in several other countries. Recent model enhancements include a graphical Windows interface and integration of WEPP with GIS software. A combined wind and water erosion prediction system with easily accessible databases and a common interface is planned for the future.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.36-43
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• 2010

Changes in runoff and soil erosion at slightly hilly erosive plots with pear trees over a three-year period were monitored under two distinct types of weed treatment by herbides : (1) pre-emergence herbicide with glyphosate; (2) post-emergence herbicide with paraquat. The numbers of rainfall events from June to Nov for three years of experimental periods were approximately 50 times in the plots having 5.5%to 10.2%slope at an altitude of 125 m. The steady-state infiltration rate was generally increased in the bare plot from which all weeds were removed while it was decreased in the herbicide treated plots and control. The runoffs from the control plot during the experimental periods were always less than those from plots of the herbicide-treated and the bare. The runoff under the same rainfall intensity was decreased in the order of bare, glyphosate, paraquat, and control. This results indicated that the removal time of weed by the different types of herbicides might influenced the runoff rate. For the first two years of the experimental periods, loss of fine fraction was much greater than that of coarse fraction while soil loss was correlated neither with total rainfall nor amount of runoff. The soil erosion rate under the same rainfall intensity was increased in the order of control, glyphosate, paraquat, and bare plot. However, there were not much differences in the soil loss for all plots under a relatively lower rainfall intensity less than 30 mm $day^{-1}$, resulting in rainfall intensity was important factor on soil erosion.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.38 no.4 s.153
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• pp.313-321
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• 2005

The elimination and erosion of cohesive sediments in port and reservoir water can so far be processed only with mechanical evacuation methods under extreme energy expenditure. The so-called flushing jets do not serve the purpose because they cannot set the material spaciously in motion despite high shear stresses at the bed. Therefore this study aims to examine the resuspension of the deposited fine material($Al_{2}O_3$) under presence of gas bubbles in order to decreased cohesive sediments in multipurpose dam, port and lakes. In the case of laboratory trial important parameters considered are supplied amount of air and the consolidation time of the solid materials. With increasing gas content alumina remains in suspension at high pH values in the laboratory test, where the particles fall mote rapidly without air addition.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2017.05a
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• pp.308-308
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• 2017

국내 하천에 설치된 횡단구조물은 2009년을 기준으로 약 20,753개로 알려져 있으며 수위 유지, 하상고 유지 등의 목적을 가지고 설치된다. 그러나 낙차를 가진 빠른 유속의 흐름을 형성시켜, 하류 하상에서 국소 세굴을 발생시킨다. 이를 방지하기 위해 횡단구조물 하류에 굴요성 구조(flexible structure)인 돌망태, 블록공, 사석 등으로 이루어진 바닥보호공(bed protection)이 설치되나 유실, 침하 등의 문제가 빈번히 발생되고 있어, 문제를 해결하기 위한 연구가 필요하다. 본 연구는 이러한 피복 대책에서 일어날 수 있는 파괴 기구인 전단파괴, 흡출 파괴, 경계 파괴, 하상 형태 변화에 따른 하부 침식 중 흡출 파괴(winnowing failure)를 유발하는 흐름을 검토하기 위한 수치모의를 수행하였다. 이때 흡출 파괴는 바닥보호공의 공극으로 미세한 하상 재료가 난류와 침투류의 작용에 의해 침식되어 바닥보호공이 침하되는 것을 말한다. 수치모의는 전산유체동역학(Computational Fluid Dynamics, CFD) 모형인 FLOW-3D 모형을 이용하였으며, 난류 모형으로 LES 모형을 적용하고 조밀한 격자를 부여하여 바닥보호공의 공극에서 발생되는 비교적 작은 척도의 와(vortex)를 해상할 수 있도록 하였다. 수치모의에 적용된 횡단구조물은 보, 물받이공, 바닥보호공으로 구성하였으며 특히, 바닥보호공의 형상은 구체(sphere)로 가정하여 다층으로 배치하였다. 바닥보호공의 공극 또는 구체 사이에서 발생되는 유속, 압력 등의 흐름특성을 분석한 결과, 바닥보호공 두께가 두꺼울수록 흡출 파괴에 대해 안정적인 것으로 나타났다. 이는 바닥보호공 설계를 위한 기초자료로 활용될 수 있으며, 향후 입자영상유속계(Particle Image Velocimeter, PIV)와 같이 공극에서 흐름을 측정할 수 있는 방법과 병행한 연구를 수행할 수 있을 것이다.

• Journal of Korean Society of societal Security
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• v.1 no.4
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• pp.65-71
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• 2008

This paper presents the characteristics of internal erosion of embankment slopes due to the localized heavy rain. In this study, the existing analysis methods of filter performance in embankment materials were reviewed. Based on the theoretical concept of filter conditions to prevent particles from being carried in from the adjacent embankment materials, new analysis method was suggested. According to the new analysis method for filter performance, experimental programs were carried out to investigate the filter performance for controlling and sealing any leak which develops through the embankment materials as a result of internal erosion. Three sets of small scale laboratory tests were carried out with changing the main influence factors such as rainfall intensity, gradient of slope, embankment material condition. It was found that the new analysis method for filter performance to prevent particles from being carried in from the adjacent embankment materials was more capable approach to design the filter materials in embankment slopes. The new criterion or method for satisfactory filter performance, therefore, was recommended.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.277-288
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• 1995

Prediction of turbidity due to fine-grained bed material load under wave action is critical to any assessment of anthropogenic impart on the coastal or lacustrine environment Waves tend to loosen mud deposits and generate steep suspension concentration gradients, such that the sediment load near the bottom is typically orders of magnitude higher than that near the surface. In a physically realistic but simplified manner, a simple mass conservation principle has been used to simulate the evolution of fine sediment concentration profiles and corresponding erodible bed depths under progressive, nonbreaking wave action over mud deposits. Prior field observations support the simulated trends. which reveal the genesis of a near-bed. high concentration fluidized mud layer coupled with very low surficial sediment concentrations. It is concluded that estimation of the depth of bottom erosion requires an understanding of mud dynamics and competent in situ sediment concentration profiling. Measurement of sediment concentration at the surface alone, without regard to the near-bed zone, can lead to gross underestimation of the erodible bed depth.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2019.05a
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• pp.50-50
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• 2019

최근 국지성 호우 및 하천 제방의 노후화로 인한 제방 붕괴 피해가 빈번히 발생하면서 제방의 안정성 및 표면 보강을 위한 다양한 연구가 시도되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 제방 붕괴에 따른 피해 최소화 및 대책을 수립하기 위한 방법으로 시멘트와 같은 지구온난화를 야기시키는 물질이 아닌 친환경 신소재 바이오폴리머를 흙과 혼합한 재료를 활용하여 제방의 내구성을 강화하기 위한 연구가 수행되고 있다. 이에 안동하천실증연구센터에서는 현장토를 사용하여 높이 1 m, 폭 3 m, 사면경사 1 : 2, 총 길이 5 m 의 중규모 제방모형을 제작하였으며, 공동연구기관인 카이스트에서 개발된 바이오폴리머와 흙을 적정 비율로 혼합한 바이오-소일을 제방 전면에 일정 두께로 피복하여 월류 발생에 따른 제방 안정성 평가 실험을 수행하였다. 1차 실험은 흙 제방 조건이며, 2 3차 실험은 제방 표면에 5 cm 두께로 신소재가 피복된 조건으로 안정된 결과 도출을 위해 반복 실험을 수행하였다. 제방 천단면 및 사면에서의 유속분포를 측정하기 위해 드론 및 비디오카메라를 활용한 LSPIV 기법을 적용하여 실험조건에 따른 표면유속과 월류 흐름이 제방 붕괴에 미치는 영향에 대해 비교분석하였다. 또한 그래픽 소프트웨어를 이용한 픽셀기반 영상분석 기법을 적용하여 시간에 따른 제방사면의 붕괴면적을 산정하여 신소재 피복에 따른 붕괴 지연효과 분석을 통한 신소재 활용 제방의 현장 적용가능성 및 안정성을 평가하였다. 본 연구결과, 흙 제방의 경우 월류 흐름 발생 직후 침식현상이 전개되어 유속분포가 집중되고 있었으며, 이후 발생하는 강한 수직흐름으로 인해 입자추적을 통한 분석이 더 이상 불가능하였다. 신소재 제방의 경우 월류 흐름 발생 직후 침식은 발생하지 않았으며 일정시간동안 유속분포가 유지되었다. 지속적인 월류 흐름으로 인해 제방 끝단에서 침식이 발생하였으며 이때 최대 유속은 3.3 m/s 로 나타났다. 또한 픽셀기반 분석을 통해 30초 단위로 표면손실률을 산정한 결과, 신소재 활용 제방(2, 3차)의 경우 같은 실험조건에도 불구하고 최종 붕괴시간은 약 3배의 차이를 보였으며, 양생 과정에서의 크랙 발생을 최소화한다면 월류 발생 시 상당한 붕괴지연효과가 있는 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.32 no.7
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• pp.25-34
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• 2016

Recently, in Korea, problems related with unstability of slope or sinkhole in urban area due to erosion of compacted granite soil which was used as a backfill or embankment material have been treated as important issues. Small hole might develop inside of backfill area due to erosion of not only weathered granite soil but also clay, silt, fine sand size particles when underground water flows. Once erosion starts in a soil mass, erosion rate increases gradually to cause rapid destruction. In this study, a rotating cylinder test (RCT) was performed to evaluate the hydraulic resistance characteristics of compacted weathered granite soil under various relative densities and preconsolidation pressures. Meanwhile, an image analysis method was introduced to analyze radius of irregularly eroded sample. It was found that image analysis is an effective means of minimizing the error in calculating a critical shear stress and threshold shear stress on the irregularly eroded sample. Furthermore, in general, hydraulic resistance capacity increases with the increase of relative density and preconsolidation pressure.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.25-33
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• 2018

Piping is one of the most frequently occurring collapse type of a levee, and is often caused by roofing (backward erosion piping) at the ground-structure interface. Roofing is generally evaluated using creep ratio. However, creep ratio does not take into account the characteristics of the ground-structure interface. In this study, the roofing risk was investigated by using model test and numerical analysis considering the ground-structure interface characteristics. In the model test, it was confirmed that the piping potential decreased as the interface roughness increased, and this was applied to the numerical analysis. Existing numerical methods can not adequately simulate the particle behavior at the ground-structure interface because only the water level difference is considered. In this paper, particle behavior at the interface was investigated by performing seepage analysis and then, carrying out particle analysis technique simulating the boundary condition of the ground-structure interface. Analysis results have shown that the roofing resistance decreases as the ground-structure interface roughness decreases.