• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2004.07b
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• pp.639-643
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• 2004

[ $Ta_2O_5$ ]가 첨가된 $Ba(Zn_{1/3}Ta_{2/3})O_3$[BZT] 세라믹은 1:2 규칙화 정도가 증가하고 $Ba_3Ta_5O_{15}의 이차상이 새롭게 형성된다. $1580^{\circ}C$ 보다 높은 온도에서 소결된 BZT 세라믹은 $Ta_2O_5$를 첨가하면 입자의 성장이 일어나고 액상이 형성된다. 품질계수(Q) 값은 $1580^{\circ}C$ 보다 높은 온도에서 소결할 경우 미량의 $Ta_2O_5$ 첨가만으로도 상당히 증가한다. 상대밀도는 $Ta_2O_5$ 첨가량에 따라 감소하기 때문에 Q값의 증가는 상대밀도와는 무관하다. 반면에, $Ta_2O_5$의 첨가량에 따라 입자의 성장은 증가하였기 때문에 Q값의 향상은 입자크기와 관계가 있음을 알 수 있다. 많은 양의 $Ta_2O_5$ 첨가시 비록 입자 크기가 증가했음에도 불구하고 Q값이 매우 낮은 것을 볼 때, Q값의 감소는 $Ba_3Ta_5O_{15}$ 상의 영향과 낮은 밀도 값에 기인한 것이다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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• 2017.05a
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• pp.791-796
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• 2017

In this study, the combustion characteristics of paraffin blended fuel on aluminum particle size were investigated. The combustion experiments were carried out using aluminum particles with an average particle size of 100 nm and $8{\mu}m$ and microcrystalline paraffin wax (Sasol 0907). A series of comparison was conducted on the regression rate, the pressure curve and the characteristic velocity of pure paraffin and paraffin blended fuels with aluminum particles. It was found that the micro-sized particles enhance the regression rate as the oxidizer mass flux increased. However, the nano-sized particles decrease the regression rate as the oxidizer mass flux is increased.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.278-283
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• 2016

In this study, we have for the first time applied fractional precipitation with hydrophilic polymer in order to decrease the particle size of the anticancer agent paclitaxel from plant cell cultures. When compared with the case where no hydrophilic polymer was employed, the addition of hydrophilic polymer in fractional precipitation resulted in a decrease in the size of the paclitaxel precipitate. Among the polymers used, HPMC 2910 was the most effective for inhibition of precipitate growth. A polymer concentration of 0.2% (w/v) obtained the smallest particle size. The particle size was reduced by ~35% compared to control. In addition, the precipitate size was inversely correlated with the absolute value of the zeta potential.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.318-318
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• 2012

최근 고급스러운 표면을 가지는 제품의 수요가 증가함에 따라 pore를 통하여 rough한 표면을 구현하고 광택을 줄인 사틴 도금이 각광받고 있다. 사틴 효과를 구현하기 위하여 도금 용액에 첨가되는 첨가제의 종류 중 에멀젼 타입의 사틴 첨가제는 시간이 경과함에 따라 첨가제 입자들의 뭉침 현상이 발생하기 때문에 건욕 후 2시간이 경과하면 사틴 효과가 감소하게 되고 연속 공정이 불가능하다. 이에 본 연구에서는 크기가 증가한 첨가제 입자들만을 제거한 후 첨가제를 소량씩 재첨가하여 사틴 니켈의 연속 공정이 가능하도록 필터링 및 첨가제 보충이 가능한 필터링 시스템을 도입하였다. 필터링 시스템에 의하여 2시간 경과 후 발생되는 뭉쳐진 첨가제가 선택적으로 제거 되어 pore의 크기를 제어할 수 있었으며 제거된 첨가제는 재첨가로 인해 보충되어 pore의 크기와 개수도 유지 할 수 있었다.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.163-167
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• 2006

Ultrasonic irradiation in a solution during the chemical reaction may accelerate the rate of the reaction and the crystallization at low temperature. We have synthesized nanometer sized magnetite particles using coprecipitation method, sonochemical method without surfactant, and sonochemical method with surfactant, in order to investigate the effect of ultrasonic irradiation and surfactant on the coprecipitates of metal ions. The size of the magnetite nanoparticles prepared by coprecipitation method, and sonochemical method without surfactant showed broad distributions. But we got uniform nanoparticles using a sonochemical method with oleic acid. The average size of the particles can be controlled by the ratio $R=[H_2O]/[surfactant]$. The size of the magnetite nanoparticles prepared by this method showed narrow distributions. We have characterized the nanoparticles using an X-ray diffraction (XRD), a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID), and atomic force microscope (AFM). The size and distribution of the magnetite nanoparticles were measured by dynamic light scattering (DLS) method.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.7
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• pp.204-210
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• 2016

This paper presents an experimental analysis of the growth and oxidation processes of soot particles generated in an isooctane diffusive laminar flame due to incomplete combustion. The effects of iron-based diagnostics were employed to measure the elastic scattering light from soot particles in a flame at different flame heights, and the differential scattering coefficients were calculated through a calibration process. The growth and oxidation of soot particles in flame was investigated by comparing differential scattering coefficients, and the soot volume fraction was seen to decrease in the soot oxidation process. In the same manner, the differential scattering coefficients were calculated for iron-based fuel-additive seeded flame, and these coefficients were revealed to be smaller than those obtained in the fuel-additive unseeded flame. In addition, transmission through the radial direction of the flame was measured, and transmission in the soot oxidation regime was approximately 5% higher for the seeded flame. The propensity of the data coincided well with the differential scattering coefficients, and it can be concluded that the iron component of the fuel additive plays a crucial role as a catalyst, which eventually enhanced soot particle oxidation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.8
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• pp.1359-1366
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• 2004

Ultra high temperature treated (UHT) skim milk and colloidal calcium phosphate-free skim milk were treated with microbial transglutaminase (TGase), ultracentrifuged at various rates, lyophilized, and observed for morphological properties with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). UHT skim milk showed small holes of associated micelles at lower centrifugal rates, and became thick and irregular, and fine particles were associated regularly at higher centrifugal rates. When UHT skim milk with TGase was incubated for 1 hour, casein micelles aggregated and broadened as centrifugation rate increased. When UHT skim milk with TGase was incubated for 8 hours, casein micelles were associated irregularly to large aggregates and widened. Colloidal calcium phosphate-free skim milk with TGase incubated for 1 hour and separated by two-step centrifugation showed aggregated lump, while the milk incubated for 8 hours with TGase was associated with broadened, compact, and regular layers as the centrifugation rate increased. Such phenomena were caused by heat treatment, protein crosslinking reaction catalyzed by TGase and conformational changes of casein molecules, and could be dependent on reaction time, temperature and ultracentrifugation rate.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.71-82
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• 2012

Common bulking agents in composting system include woody materials such as sawdust and woodchips. These bulking agents are mainly used for the purpose of the proper control of C/N ratio and moisture content in the composting. The topic for the effect on air permeability of bulking agents has far received relatively little attention in the composting field. This study investigated the effect of bulk density, moisture content, air-filled porosity, particle size and air flow rate on air permeability of several mixture ratios of sawdust and woodchip bulking agent. Increasing the moisture contents, the air-filled porosity was decreased and the particle size was increased for all kinds of bulking agent mixtures. Especially, with the increasing of mixing ratio of woodchip, these effects were sharply magnified. The air permeability respond to air-filled porosity was very similar to that for moisture content which was anticipated the linear relationship between air-filled porosity and moisture content. Above the region of moisture content 0.25 or 0.43(d.b.)(20 or 30% w.b.), the pressure drop decreased even though air-filled pore spaces were filling with water. Especially, to the particle size of 5 mm the pressure drop was decreased exponentially, so the air permeability was dramatically improved. By the water had the role of binding of the small particles, the macropores less resistances to air flow were created in the matrix. The effect of particle size on air permeability was much stronger than that of air-filled porosity or moisture content. And it is needed the preparing of initial particle size above 5 mm for efficient composting.

• The Korean Journal of Rheology
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.131-136
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• 1998

아역청탄을 이용하여 제조된 CWM(Coal-Water Mixture)연료의 유변학적 특성을 측 정함으로써 음이온 계면활성제 Temol-N, 안정제 Xanthan 및 전해질 등의 첨가제에 대한 성능을 평가하고 최적첨가조성을 결정하였다. 계면확성제의 흡착으로 인해 석탄입자는 음전 하를 띠게 되었고 표면에 전기이중층이 생성되었다. 전기 이중층의 전기적 반발력이 입자의 응집을 막았고 CWA 슬러리의 점도를 감소시켰다. 또한 Xanthan과 NaOH의 첨가로 인해 분산안정성 및 침강안정성이 향상되는 것을 관찰하였다. CWM에서 석탄입자가 차지하는 부 피비를 무게비로 전환하여 표현하고 분산계에서 입자의 부피비에 따른 점도변화를 예측하는 실험식인 Krieger-Dougherty 식과 Frankel-Acrivos 식에 적용하였다. 점도 실험값을 가지 고 식의 변수들을 결정해 본결과 CWM이 나타내는 점도의 석탄함량에 따른 변화를 위 식 들이 비교적 정확시 나타내 주는 것을 확인하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.413-419
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• 2002

Particulate composites of $Al_2O_3$/TiC/SiC, $Al_2O_3$/TiC and $Al_2O_3$/SiC have been fabricated by hot pressing and their R-curve behaviors and mechanical properties were investigated. $Al_2O_3$ containing 30 vol% TiC particles showed higher toughness by 8% than that for monolithic alumina and its fracture strength was increased significantly by approximately 30%. On the other hand, the addition of 30 vol% SiC of $3{\mu}m$ in $Al_2O_3$ decreased the fracture strength slightly but induced a rising R-curve behavior owing to the strong crack bridging of SiC particles. In case of $Al_2O_3$/TiC/SiC, arising R-curve behavior was also observed and the fracture toughness reached 6.6 MPa${\cdot}\sqrt{m}$ at the crack length of $1000{\mu}m$, which was lower than that of $Al_2O_3$/SiC, however, while the fracture strength was higher by about 20%. The fracture toughness seemed to be decreased as smaller TiC particles roughened the SiC interface and pullout of the SiC particles for crack bridging became less active.