• Clean Technology
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.464-468
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• 2013

In this study, in order to increase solid content of coal water fuel (CWF), various experimental parameters (i.e., coal type, additive, particle size distribution, drying method) were evaluated. To investigate the drying method, specimen is compared to using flash dry, fluidized bed dry and oil deposit stabilized coal. Difference of the solid content between low rank coal and high rank coal in this case indicate that high rank coal exhibits more higher than 20% of the solid cotent. And specimen for dispersibility was prepared by using dispersing agent of 4 types. As a result, using the dispersing agent was shown 5% higher in sold content than the case of not using the dispersing agent. Efficiency of CWF was improved by using fine coal of 80% in the particle size distribution of coal. Result of CWF using drying methods of 3 types, oil deposit stabilized (ODS) coal dried and stabilized was effective 12% higher in sold content than raw coal.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.706-712
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• 1999

PSD (particle size distribution) for 2,000 mg/$\ell$ natural loess in seawater showed normal distribution cure at 0 minute settling time, accompanying with very large particle distribution range with its mean particle diameter of 31.6 $\mu$m and coencient of variance of $72.6\%$, With elapsed time it showed that the PSD was rapidly changed from normal distribution cure to abnormal distribution curve, steepened the right-hand side of it and its coefficient of variance was getting increased because of rapid settling of large size particles, Cumulative weight distribution showed that 2,000 mg/$\ell$ natural loess in seawater was almost $100\%$ constituted of particles bigger than 20 $\mu$m in diameter. Ratio of $V_s/(D_{bm})^{1/2}$ for loess particles in seawater was increased with increase of particle size in geometrical progression. Almost all loess particles in seawater had Stokes settling velocity not less than 2,255 times of Brownian diffusion coefficient, There was almost to EDL (about 0.4 nm) around natural loess particles in seawater, Thus, there was always LVDW attractive force between loess particles approaching each other in seawater, and almost no EDL repulsive force. Loess particles were not always in the condition of easy floe formation. Concentration of natural loess in seawater increasing from 400 mg/$\ell$ to 10,000 mg/$\ell$, characteristics of the settling was changed from Type I settling (discrete settling) to Type II settling (flocculation settling). PVD (particle volume distribution) showed that natural loess particles in seawater were largely constituted of two types of particles, such as rapidly settling particles and suspended and dispersed particles for a long time. Amount of the latter was much less than that of the former.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.51 no.6
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• pp.509-516
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• 2019

In this study, the general components, particle size, starch content, hydrolysis index (HI), and estimated glycemic index (eGI) of 'Ilpum', a medium-amylose rice cultivar, were compared with those of 'Dodamssal', a high-amylose rice cultivar containing resistant starch. The volume weighted mean was significantly smaller in 'Dodamssal' than in 'Ilpum'. The resistant starch content of 'Dodamssal' was about 13% and there were no differences in terms of particle size. The HI and eGI were found to be significantly higher in 'Ilpum', and there were no statistical differences in 'Dodamssal' except for samples with an average particle size of less than 50 ㎛. Therefore, 'Dodamssal' was concluded to be valuable as a health-food material since it is easily ground evenly when processed into rice flour, contains resistant starch, and has a low glycemic index. These results could be used as basic data for developing processed 'Dodamssal' rice-based products.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.414-419
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• 2005

Newly harvested milled rice and stored milled rice for 2 years were steeped at the elevated temperatures of 40, 50, and 60℃ for 2hr, and physicochemical properties of the wet-milled rice flour were investigated. The lightness of rice flour was slightly higher in the newly harvested milled-rice, while yellowness was higher in the stored milled rice. For both newly harvested and stored milled rice, WAI, WSI, and gel consistency increased as steeping temperature increased. The amylograph pasting properties indicated that increasing steeping temperature increased peak viscosity. The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results of the rice flour showed that increasing steeping temperature increased onset and peak temperatures, with reduced gelatinization enthalphy, suggesting partial annealing occured. Particle size of rice flour from newly harvested milled rice was larger than that from stored milled rice.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2020.06a
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• pp.221-221
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• 2020

최근 기후 변화에 따라 국내 하천은 급격한 유량 증가로 인해 하상의 변화에 많은 영향을 미치고 있다. 특히, 홍수시 하상의 변화에 영향을 미치는 유량 및 유속, 하상재료의 종류 및 대표입경, 입자의 특성 등이 있으며, 이런 요인들은 하상재료의 유실에 영향력을 미치고 있다. 또한, 하상재료의 유실에 영향을 미치는 하상재료의 단위중량, 대표입경, 재료의 특성과 관련이 있으나, 현재 까지 다양한 연구가 진행되고 있지만, 하상재료의 한계조건에 영향을 미치는 관련된 연구는 국내에서 미비한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 하상의 재료의 종류, 입자의 특성, 입자의 크기에 따라 재료가 가지는 한계 유속과 한계 소류력의 영향력을 파악하고자 진행하였다. 본 연구에서 사용된 실험 수로는 인제대학교에서 개발한 무경사형 고속수로(Jung. 2019)는 수조 제원 가로 1.5 m, 세로 0.95 m, 높이 2.4 m, 수로는 개수로의 형태로 총 길이 10 m, 폭과 높이는 각각 0.3 m인 무경사 고속수로에서 진행되었으며, 사용된 재료는 일반 하천에서 사용되고 있는 모래, 황토를 이용하여 적정 비율을 섞어 시료를 제작하였다. 제작된 시료는 하천설계기준에 제시되어 있는 재료에 대한 등급을 비교했을시, 2-3등급 사이의 재료로 판단되며, 모래와 황토의 비율이 50:50 일때 입도 분포가 가장 좋은 재료로 나타났으며, 제작된 시료를 수로에 삽입하여 유하 전후를 수위센서를 통해 세굴율을 측정하였다. 세굴 측정시 모래 100%로 제작된 시료가 가장 많은 세굴이 일어났으며, 모래 25%, 황토 75%로 이루어진 시료가 가장 적은 세굴이 일어났다. 바이오폴리머의 강도 증진을 보기 위해 세굴이 가장 심하거나, 세굴이 적은 재료에 바이오 폴리머를 섞어 추가 실험을 진행 하였다. 본 연구를 통해 친환경적인 하상재료의 한계유속, 한계소류력에 대한 안정성평가를 진행하여 재료의 안전성에 대해 평가하고 기초자료로 기여하고자 한다.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.67-81
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• 2012

The physical, chemical, and biological properties of clogging materials formed within groundwater wells in the Mt. Geumjeong area, Busan, Korea, were characterized. The particle size distribution (PSD) of clogging materials was measured by a laser analyzer. XRD, SEM, and TEM analyses were performed to obtain mineralogical information on the clogging materials, with an emphasis on identifying and characterizing the mineral species. In most cases, PSD data exhibited an near log-normal distribution; however, variations in frequency distribution were found in some intervals (bi-or trimodal distributions), raising the possibility that particles originated from several sources or were formed at different times. XRD data revealed that the clogging materials were mainly amorphous ironhydroxides such as goethite, ferrihydrite, and lapidocrocite, with lesser amounts of Fe, Mn, and Zn metals and silicates such as quartz, feldspar, micas, and smectite. Reddish brown material was amorphous hydrous ferriciron (HFO), and dark red and dark black materials were Fe, Mn-hydroxides. Greyish white and pale brown materials consisted of silicates. SEM observations indicated that the clogging materials were mainly HFO associated with iron bacteria such as Gallionella and Leptothrix, with small amounts of rock fragments. In TEM analysis, disseminated iron particles were commonly observed in the cell and sheath of iron bacteria, indicating that iron was precipitated in close association with the metabolism of bacterial activity. Rock-forming minerals such as quartz, feldspar, and micas were primarily derived from soils or granite aquifers, which are widely distributed in the study area. The results indicate the importance of elucidating the formation mechanisms of clogging materials to ensure sustainable well capacity.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.589-609
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• 2017

This study carried out the density and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and particle size analysis which are the physical characteristics of coal dust by collecting samples of coal dust in the five domestic mines to control the coal dust through ventilation in the workplace for coal mining in the country. This will contribute to a more comfortable working environment by understanding the physical characteristics of the coal dust which is derived from any hard coal produced domestically. In particular, the result of PSA analysis showed that the size of coal dust sample for this study ranged from $0.007{\sim}88.614{\mu}m$ were the particles less than $3.5{\mu}m$, the size range responsible for pneumoconiosis. To observe the flow of coal dust collected on the wind speed, the fallout of coal dust produced by the wind tunnel for the wind was measured and the particle size analysis of coal dust fallout was carried out. In addition, airborne dust is measured according to the mine velocity by using a multi-stage Anderson sampler in the mine where fine dust is generated in a large amount and the wind speed is found out to control the coal dust below $3.5{\mu}m$. In addition, natural ventilation pressure of A mine was calculated to prevent over design of the main fan.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.123-129
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• 1993

Because the existing scour prediction formulas for plunge pools of pipe culverts and spillways give a wide range of predicted scour depths, it is difficult to estimate actual scour depths. A review of literature showed that wide range of predicted values was caused mostly by lack of thorough analysis of the scour mechanism. In this study, the effects of the parameters govering scour were examined, and the scour potentials were measured. The major variables govering scour were the velocity and size of jet impinging into the plunge pool, the submerged weight of bed material, the ratio of jet size to bed material size, the tail watr depth of the plunge pool, and the angle of jet impact on water surface. The ratio of jet size to bed material size to bed material size was found to be another significant parameter affecting scour for larger bed materials. A densimetric Froude nember of the bed material in incipient motion was formulated. This number represented the scour potential of the jet at the point where the bed material was tested.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society for Energy Engineering kosee Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.219-224
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• 2001

BaTiO$_3$분말을 barium hydroxide, meta titan acid를 이용하여 광화제 첨가 없이 열수처리에 의한 탈수(dehysration) 및 재경정화(recrystallization)과정으로 수열합성법에 의해 제조하였다. Autoclave 반응기를 이용한 실험의 경우, BaTiO$_3$분말을 생성하기 위한 최적 온도 및 반응시간은 각각 18$0^{\circ}C$, 4시간으로 확인되었으며, 이 때 생성된 BaTiO$_3$분말의 크기는 0.1~0.2$\mu\textrm{m}$로 입도분포가 양호하였다. 그리고, 광하제의 영향을 살펴보면 광화제를 사용하지 않았을 경우가 1.0MK KOH를 첨가하였을 때보다 결정성이 우수하게 나타났다. 이와같은 결과로부터 수열합성조건에서 Ba와 Ti의 출발물질이 [-OH]기를 가지고 있는 경우, 원료의 용해도를 증가시키고 출발물질의 수산기(hydroxide)의 생성이 용이하여 광화제의 첨가 없이도 BaTiO$_3$분말을 합성할 수 있음에 따라 공정단순화를 통해ㅐ 에너지 절감 효과를 가져올 수 있었다.

• Explosives and Blasting
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.5-18
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• 2001

채석, 광물채광 등의 발파에서 생성된 파쇄 암석편들에 대한 정확한 파쇄도의 측정은 발파효율성 및 경제성을 평가하기 위한 수단으로 사용될 수 있다. 발파현장에서 파쇄도의 측정은 파쇄암석의 크기를 대상으로 이루어지며, 이러한 측정의 궁극적인 목표는 파쇄도에 대한 정확한 측정과 분석을 통하여 발파를 최적화시킴으로써 과파쇄에 의한 화약의 낭비, 과대한 암괴로 인한 운반경비의 증가, 분할을 위한 2차 발파나 추가파쇄를 위한 경비증가 등을 줄일 수 있다. 또한 선광 및 파쇄장비들의 과대한 마모방지와 품질의 균질성 확보를 위한 모니터링의 수단으로 사용될 수도 있다. 최근 파쇄도측정에 많이 사용되고 있는 기술중의 하나가 영상처리 시스템으로, 본 논문에서는 촬영조건 및 분석대상물 등의 변화에 따른 이 영상처리기법의 문제에 대한 언급보다는 영상처리기법에 대한 이해를 돕기 위해 이 기법에 대한 설명과 상용 소프트웨어를 이용한 모델시험 및 채석현장에서 실시된 발파후의 파쇄암석들에 대한 파쇄도 분석에서의 문제점들에 대하여 언급하고자 한다.