• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.344-353
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• 1998

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of Tc-99m labeled antigranulocyte antibody immunoscintigrapy in the diagnosis of osteomyelitis and compare with the results of triphasic bone scan. Materials and Methods: The study population was 39 patients (22 male, 17 female) who had uncertain diagnoses of osteomyelitis. Fifteen patients had history of orthopedic surgery, and 5 had previous fracture. One milligram of monoclonal antibody against NCA-95 was labeled with 370 MBq of Tc-99m, injected intravenously, and 4 hour images were obtained. Triphasic bone scan images were obtained in 30 patients. The final diagnosis was confirmed by bacteriologic culture, biopsy or long term clinical follow up. Results: Twenty one patients were confirmed to have osteomyelitis (1 acute, 20 chronic). Eighteen patients were without osteomyelitis. Antigranulocyte antibody immunoscintigraphy had a sensitivity of 71% (15/21), and a specificity of 89% (16/18), while the sensitivity and specificity of triphasic bone scan was 93% (13/14) and 38% (6/16), respectively. Antigranulocyte antibody scan showed higher specificity of 100% (11/11) in comparison with 33% (3/9) of triphasic bone scan in patients with history of orthopedic surgery or fracture. Conclusion: Antigranulocyte antibody immunoscintigraphy is more specific than that of triphasic bone scan and may be helpful in patients with history of surgery or fracture. However, sensitivity is lower than triphasic bone scan in the detection of chronic osteomyelitis.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.372-380
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of whole body F-18 FDG PET scan for detecting postoperative recurrence of cancer. One hundred four cancer patients after operation were enrolled(14 brain tumor, 15 head and neck cancer, 23 gynecologic cancer, 16 gastrointestinal cancer, 16 thyroid cancer, and 20 other cancers). Besides conventional images(CI) including CT and MRI, F-18 FDG PET scan was obtained on ECAT EXACT 47 scanner(Siemens-CTI), beginning 60 minutes after injection of 370MBq(10mCi) of F-18 FDG. Regional scan was also obtained with emission image. Transmission images using Ge-68 were carried out for attenuation correction in both whole body and regional images. Findings of PET, and CI were confirmed by pathology or clinical follow up. The sensitivity and specificity of PET for detecting recurrence were 94% and 92%, respectively. Contrarily, the sensitivity and specificity of CI were 78% and 68%. CI results were negative and PET results were positive in 11 cases. The biopsy or clinical follow-up of those cases confirmed recurrence of tumor. False negative cases of CI were frequent in patients with gynecologic cancers. Also we measured the serum concentration of tumor markers in patients with gynecologic cancer(CA125), thyroid cancer(thyroglobulin), and colorectal cancer(CEA). The sensitivity and specificity of tumor markers were 71% and 84%, respectively, We conclude that F-18 FDG PET can be used valuably in detecting recurrent foci of a wide variety of malignancy compared to conventional diagnostic methods.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.210-217
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• 2006

Purpose: Crohn disease (CD) in children is frequently complicated by malnutrition and growth retardation. Conventional treatment with corticosteroid may also affect the growth of children, which may be alleviated by nutritional therapy. Therefore, we performed this study to evaluate the role of nutritional therapy in the treatment of CD in children. Methods: The study cohort consisted of thirty children under the age of 17 years, admitted to the Asan Medical Center from 2001 to 2005. While 11 children received nutritional therapy (NT) with an elemental diet, 19 received conventional corticosteroid therapy (ST). Comparative analysis was performed for the rate of the induction of remission, recurrence, disease activity index of pre and post-treatment, and changes of the growth using mean standard deviation score for weight (zW) and height (zH). Results: Ten of 11 children with NT and 18 of 19 children with ST completed the therapy. Two of them were lost to follow-up during the treatment. All 10 children with NT and 15 of 18 children with ST achieved remission. While there was no recurrence in children with NT, 7 with ST showed recurrence within 1 year. Pre- and post treatment Pediatric Crohn disease Activity Index (PCDAI) did not show a difference between the two groups. There were no differences in zW and zH between the two groups after 1 year of follow-up. Conclusion: This study showed that nutritional therapy could be considered instead of steroid therapy for treatment of children with CD. However, a long-term study will be needed to determine the long-term efficacy.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.17-24
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• 2008

This study was performed to estimate non-$CO_2$ greenhouse gases (i.e., GHGs) emission from biomass burning at a local scale. Estimation of non-$CO_2$ GHGs emission was conducted using Landsat TM satellite imagery in order to assess the damage degree in burnt area and its effect on non-$CO_2$ GHGs emission. This approach of estimation was based on the protocol of the 2003 IPCC Guidelines. In this study, we used one of the most severe fire cases occurred Samcheock in April, 2004. Landsat TM satellite imageries of pre- and post-fire were used 1) to calculate delta normalized burn ratio (dNBR) for analyzing burnt area and burn severity of the Samcheok large-fire and 2) to quantify non-$CO_2$ GHGs emission from different size of the burnt area and the damage degree. The analysis of dNBR of the Samcheok large-fire indicated that the total burnt area was 16,200ha and the size of the burnt area differed with the burn severity: out of the total burnt area, the burn severities of Low (dNBR < 152), Moderate (dNBR = 153-190), and High (dNBR = 191-255) were 35%, 33%, and 32%, respectively. It was estimated that the burnt areas of coniferous forest, deciduous forest, and mixed forest were about 11,506ha (77%), 453ha (3%), and 2,978ha (20%), respectively. The magnitude of non-$CO_2$ GHGs emissions from the Samcheok large-fire differed significantly, showing 93% of CO (44.100Gg), 6.4% of CH4 (3.053Gg), 0.5% of $NO_x$ (0.238Gg), and 0.1% of $N_2O$ (0.038Gg). Although there were little changes in the total burnt area by the burn severity, there were differences in the emission of non-$CO_2$ GHGs with the degree of the burn severity. The maximum emission of non-$CO_2$ GHGs occurred in moderate burn severity, indicating 47% of the total emission.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.178-184
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• 1992

The changes in contents of chlorophyll and free proline in the seedling leaves of ten rice cultivars as affected by salt stress were checked in order to obtain the basic information on the judgement of the degrees of salt injury. The difference in salt injury among the cultivars was clearly observed about 25 days after 6% salt treatment. Chlorophyll content was decreased in both Gayabyeo and Taebaegbyeo for 14 days after different salt treatment as salt concentration was increased and the decreased tendency was much higher in Taebaegbyeo than in Gayabyeo over 0.4% salt concentration. Chlorophyll content in Gayabyeo after 0.6% salt treatment was decreased slowly, while in Taebaegbyeo, deminished very rapidly as time progressed, therefore it decreased by about 16% in Gayabyeo and 67% in Taebaebyeo compared to the control at 20 days, respectively. The relationship between chlorophyll content and the degrees of salt injury in ten rice cultivars showed significant negative correlation at 10 day after 0.6% salt treatment. Free proline content in Gayabyeo was increased gradually for 14 days after different salt treatment as salt became higher, while in Taebaebyeo, it was increased rapidly under 0.6% but rather decreased under 0.8% salt concentration. Particularly, it was much higher Taebaegbyeo than in Gayabyeo under salt concentration from 0.4 to 0.6%. Free proline content in Gayabyeo after 0.6% salt treatment was increased from 15 days, on the other hand in Taebaegbyeo, it was increased from 5 days, but rather decreased from 20 days, and it was 6 times higher in Taebaegbyeo than in Gayabyeo at 10 days. There was significant positive correlation between free proline content and the degrees of salt injury in ten rice cultivars at 10 days after 0.6% salt treatment. From the above results, chlorophyll and free proline content may be used as an indicative character of intensity of salt stress as well as varietal difference in resistance to salt stress in the seedling stage.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.9-13
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the factors influencing the rescue medication decisions for breakthrough cancer patients and evaluate treatments using the factors. Methods: Based on the results of an online survey conducted by the Korean Society of Hospice and Palliative Care from September 2014 through December 2014, we assessed the level of agreement on nine factors influencing rescue medication preference. The same factors were used to evaluate oral transmucosal fentanyl lozenge, oral oxycodone and intravenous morphine. Results: Agreed by 77 physicians, a rapid onset of action was the most important factor for their decision of rescue medication. Other important factors were easy administration, strong efficacy, predictable efficacy and less adverse effects. Participants agreed that intravenous morphine produced a rapid onset of action and strong and predictable efficacy and cited difficulty of administration and adverse effects as negative factors. Oral oxycodone was desirable in terms of easy administration and less adverse effects. However, its onset of action was slower than intravenous morphine. While many agreed to easy administration of oral transmucosal fentanyl lozenge, the level of agreement was low for strength and predictability of its efficacy, long-term durability and sleep improvement. Conclusion: Rapid onset of action is one of the important factors that influence physicians' selection of rescue medication. Physicians' assessment of rescue medication differed by medication.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.310-317
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the validity of reference points for edentulous patient by examining the correlation of teeth and face, and intraoral anatomic landmarks. Materials and methods: We examined a facial outline, length, bizygomatic width, nasion - gnathion length, glabella - nasion distance in 270 men and 280 women satisfied with inclusion criteria from Seoul National School of Dentistry. The shape of maxillary central incisor, mesiodistal crown width and length of maxillary 6 incisors, distance from incisive papilla to labial surface of maxillary central incisor, and perpendicular distance from incisive papilla to intercanine line were measured in the stone model. We analyzed the ratio and relevant relation statistically. Results: The probability on having the same shape of face and the relative same shape maxillary incisor was 55.56% and 46.43% for men and women. The facial length proved to be a more valuable measurement in women in the tooth selection. The ratio of bizygomatic width to mesiodistal width of maxillary central incisor, and the ratio of bizygomatic width to width of maxillary 6 incisors were 16.8 : 1 and 3.0 : 1 and were positively correlated with each other. The distance of the canines from the maxillary incisal papilla was $1.33{\pm}1.28mm$. The distance between the center of the incisal papilla and the labial surface of their maxillary central incisor was $9.23{\pm}1.20mm$. Conclusion: It was showed that anatomical reference points in tooth selection and arrangement for edentulous patient are useful and have validity in our limited study.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.481-488
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• 1999

Background: The routine application of the combined regimen of corticosteroid-antituberculosis therapy to the tuberculous pleurisy remains controversial. Steroid therapy to tuberculous pleurisy could be effective on the acceleration of absorption of pleural effusion and symptom improvement, but there has been debate about the effect of prednisolone on the prevention of pleural adhesion. So we studied the efficacy of combined regimen of prednisolone-antituberculosis therapy on the absorption of pleural effusion and prevention of pleural adhesion. Method: A prospective, randomized study was performed in 82 patients, 50 patients(non-steroid group) were treated with only antituberculosis regimen for 6 months and in 32 patients(steroid group) prednisolone(30mg/day) were administered in addition to antituberculosis regimen for one months and tapered for another month. The amount of pleural effusion was compared at the beginning of treatment, 2nd month, 6th month and final visit with chest X-ray findings which were graded from grade 0(complete absorption) to grade 6(near total haziness). Results: The amount of pleural effusion of steroid group at 2nd month, 6th month and final visit was lesser than that of non-steroid group(P<0.05). The incidence of the complete absorption of the pleural effusion was 3/32(9.4%) in steroid group, 1/50(2%) in non-steroid group at 2nd month after treatment; and 12/32(37.5%) in steroid group, 6/50(12%) in non-steroid group at 6th month after treatment(P<0.05). At final observation, the incidence of residual pleural thickening was 15/32(47%) in steroid group and 37/50(74%) in non-steroid group(P<0.05). No serious side effects were noted during the treatment with prednisolone. Conclusion: The administration of prednisolone in conjunction with antituberculosis chemotherapy improved the absorption of pleural effusion and decreased the residual pleural thickening.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.863-870
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• 1996

The 46 patients were investigated with the congenital infant muscular torticollis referred Dept. of physical therapy in Dong San Medical Center from January in 1995 to January in 1996. 1. The ratio between males and females was scaled to 1.5 : 1.23 cases(50.0 %) were involved with left side and 22 cases(47.8 %) involved with right side, and one case was of bilaterality. 2. Sequence of birth, the first bone babys were the most distributed with 34cases(73.9 %), the second bone babys were followed with 11cases(23.9 %). 3. There were normal deliveries 60.8 %, Cearean section deliveries 23.9 %, difficulty deliveries .0 % and breech presentation was 2.2 %. 4. The case of cephalic asymmetry consisted 60.0 % of all congenital torticollis and most frequently found at the age of all $5\sim8$ weeks(45.7 %). In 26.1 % of all congenital torticollis cases, facial asymmetry was found and these cases were most frequently in the age of $5\sim8$ weeks(26.1 %), also in the age group of $9\sim12$ weeks and $17\sim20$ weeks consecutively(each 3 %).(P<0.05) 5. The duration of therapy required differently according to the severity of the torticollis, in mild cases, it took $1\sim2$ weeks cases(30.4 %) revealed high therapeutic effect in 54.3 % of the cases. In moderately involved cases(30.4 %), therapy required $3\sim4$ weeks in 13 % of the cases showed improvements. In the most severely involved cases, (7 %) it took more than $9\sim10$ weeks of therapy and showed improvement in 6.5 % only.(P<0.005) 6. The result of this study showed the best therapeutic effects were noticed in the mild cases of congenital torticollis(24 cases 45.6 %) and excellent improvement in moderately involved cases (28.1 %) and 13.1 % of the most severely involved cases(P<0.05).

• The Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Ultrasound Society
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.54-58
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• 2010

Purpose: In patients with chronic cervical pain, the facet joint is the source of the majority. Due to the difficulty of identifying the exact location of the joint that causes these symptoms, the possibility of complications and the placebo effect brings clinical application into question. In this study, we assessed the prevalence of patients with chronic cervical pain and report the diagnostic and therapeutic usefulness of ultrasonography - guided facet joint block therapy. Materials and Methods: Patients with nonspecific chronic cervical pain for more than 6 months were selected. Patients with disc herniation, sciatica-related pain were excluded from the study and 160 patients who failed in conservative treatment (physical therapy, chiropractic therapy, medication) were included in the study. Diagnostic Ultrasonography-guided facet joint block was performed with 1% lidocaine, and after two weeks, Bupivacaine 0.25% was used in patients who tested positive for lidocaine. Patients with more than 75% pain reduction during movement after facet joint block were considered positive. Results: Among the 160 patients with chronic cervical pain, 96 patients(60%) had a positive reaction after facet block using lidocaine. Among the 64 patients with a negative reaction to lidocaine, 48 patients(75%) had a positive reaction to bupivacaine. There were 48 false positive patients(50%) who showed a positive reaction to lidocaine but a negative reaction to bupivacaine. The mean VAS of the total 160 patients before blocks was 8.5, after 2 weeks follow up it decreased to 2.7 (p = 0.001) and after 4weeks 3.6 (p = 0.001). The 8 patients as an initial improvement of symptoms are not satisfied with the procedure and the 3 patients had been worsened during observation, were showed pain relief after additional ultrasonography-guided facet joint block at 4th week. Conclusion: A single ultrasonography-guided block to chronic cervical pain patients has relatively low diagnostic value since high false positive rate. The twice facet joint blocks is thought to be a useful method for interventional pain management of patients with chronic cervical pain.