• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.173-178
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• 2007

Purpose: This study was conducted to analyze the clinical manifestation and natural course of benign transient hyperphosphatasemia (BTH) in children. Methods: A total of 17 children diagnosed with BTH between June 2006 and July 2007, were included in this study. Clinical records and laboratory tests were analyzed retrospectively for all children. Results: The mean age of the patients was $26.9{\pm}13.8$ months (range: 9 to 49 months). Nine of the 17 BTH cases (52.9%) occurred in patients that had previously suffered from infectious diseases. While the patients were suffering from BTH, the mean serum level of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was $2,500.2{\pm}1,165.1$ U/L, however, these elevated serum ALP levels normalized within 7 weeks of recovery in all cases. In addition, a seasonal peak in the onset of BTH was observed from September to December. Further, the measurement of ALP isoenzymes in 7 of the patients with BTH, revealed a marked elevation of bone fraction. Conclusion: It is important for pediatricians to understand the clinical manifestation and benign course of BTH to avoid unnecessary diagnostic evaluation in children showing a transient increase in ALP activities.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.45 no.8
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• pp.994-999
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• 2002

Purpose : There is a predilection for subacute necrotizing lymphadenitis(SNL) in young Asian women. Few pediatric cases have been reported. This study was performed to evaluate clinical features of children with SNL. Methods : We retrospectively analyzed clinical features of 23 cases of SNL under 15 years of age identified in Nowon Eulji Hospital from February 1995 to January 2002. Two cases were diagnosed by excisional biopsy and 21 cases by fine needle aspiration. Results : The ages ranged from 14 months to 14 years(mean $8.1{\pm}3.8$ years). The male to female ratio was 1 : 1.6. Ten cases(10/23) were diagnosed in 2000. The onset was more frequent in spring. The common presenting symptoms were neck mass(22/23), pain(12/20) and fever(8/18). Fever subsided within two weeks in seven out of eight and lymphadenopathy resolved within five months in 14 out of 15. The mean WBC count was $7,664{\pm}3,454/mm^3$. Elevated levels of ESR(10/ 12) and lactate dehydrogenase(5/6) and positive reaction for CRP(3/4) were frequent. Radiologically measured greatest diameter of the enlarged lymph nodes was less than 2 cm in 14 out of 15. One case occurred in a child with alopecia areata and one case with type 1 diabetes. Clinical outcomes were good in 23 cases. Conclusion : SNL should be considered in children with cervical lymphadenopathy regardless of fever or pain. SNL seems not rare in pediatric groups in Korea.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.51 no.11
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• pp.1217-1221
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• 2008

Purpose : An association between idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has been recognized for decades because thrombocytopenia is the first manifestation in some patients with SLE. However, the risk of later development of SLE in childhood ITP is currently unknown. We retrospectively evaluated the incidence and clinical significance of the positive antinuclear antibody (ANA) in children with acute ITP. Methods : This study was retrospectively performed to review the clinical and laboratory characteristics in 77 children diagnosed to have acute ITP and admitted to the Pusan National University Hospital between January 2003 and December 2006. Patients tested positive for ANA were regularly followed-up for at least 12 months for symptoms indicative of SLE. Results : Seventy-seven children were included in the study; 38 males (49.4%) and 39 females (50.5%), the mean age was 4.5 years. Sixteen (20.8%) ITP patients had a positive ANA, with a median titer of 1:320. The mean age of the patients with positive ANA was 9.3 years, which is much older than 3.3 years for patients with negative ANA (P<0.05). The positive ANA group was predominantly female (81.3%) compared to the negative ANA group (P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in mean platelet counts between both groups. No statistically significant difference was found in ANA positivity and progression to chronic ITP or SLE. After the median follow-up of 32 months, SLE was diagnosed only in one ITP patient with positive ANA. Conclusion : Our data demonstrated that ANA positivity is often found in children with acute ITP. Large-scale studies should be considered to determine the significance of ANA positivity in childhood ITP for the later development of SLE.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.97-124
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• 2021

In medical institutions, there are radiation-related workers such as radiological technologists, physicians, dentists, and dental hygienists who handle diagnostic radiation generators. Also, there are work assistants, such as nurses and assistant nurses, who assist in radiation treatment or transfer patients to the radiation examination room. Radiation exposure management for radiation-related workers is carried out under the 「Medical Service Act」, but there is no legal basis for work assistants, etc. And the management of radiation exposure for diagnosis is regulated by the 「Medical Service Act」, and the management of radiation exposure by therapeutic radiation and nuclear medical examination is governed by the 「Nuclear Safety Act」. Thus, to improve the management of radiation exposure for diagnosis, the regulations on radiation exposure management for diagnosis under the 「Medical Service Act」 were compared and reviewed with those of the 「Nuclear Safety Act」. As a result, the main contents are as follows. First, it is necessary to legislate to include nurses, assistant nurses, and clinical practice students who are likely to be exposed to radiation besides radiationrelated workers as subjects of radiation exposure management for diagnosis. Second, when a radiation-related worker for diagnosis is confirmed to be pregnant, the exposure dose limit should be defined. Third, it is necessary to revise the regulations on the types of personal exposure dosimeters in the 「Rules on the Safety Management of Radiation Generators for Diagnostics」. Fourth, it seems that health examination items for radiation-related workers, radiation workers, and frequent visitors should be the same. Fifth, It is necessary to unify and regulate diagnostic radiation and all medical radiation, including therapeutic radiation and nuclear medicine, in one legal system.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.111-119
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• 2009

Purpose: Chronic abdominal pain is a common complaint encountered in pediatric clinics. This study aimed to investigate chronic functional abdominal pain in Korean children and adolescents by applying the Rome III criteria. Methods: A prospective study on chronic abdominal pain in 194 patients was conducted between July 2006 and August 2007. The parents of the subjects were asked to respond to a questionnaire based on the Rome III criteria. These responses were evaluated by pediatricians, and subsequently, the patients were clinically evaluated. Results: On the basis of the results of the medical evaluation, 167 of the 194 patients (86.1%) were diagnosed with functional gastrointestinal disorders, i.e., no organic causes of chronic abdominal pain were detected during the medical evaluation. Of these 167 patients, 89.8% of the patients satisfied one of the Rome III criteria, while 10.2% of the patients did not satisfy any of the Rome III criteria for chronic abdominal pain-related functional gastrointestinal disorders (functional dyspepsia, 29.3%; irritable bowel syndrome, 25.7%; abdominal migraine, 7.8%; childhood functional abdominal pain, 27.0%; and childhood functional abdominal pain syndrome, 12.6%). Compared to other symptom subtypes, children with childhood functional abdominal pain experienced an earlier onset and a shorter duration of symptoms. Conclusion: The Rome III criteria are more comprehensive; the use of these criteria will provide more accurate information and better diagnoses for children and adolescents with chronic abdominal pain.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.16-24
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the specificity, sensitivity, and diagnostic power of caries activity test using laser fluorescence. The subjects of this study were 50 children of $7\sim9$ years old. Fluorescence from initial carious lesion of teeth illuminated by an argon laser(480nm) was observed and photographed with barrier filter. Visual examination for the dDfFtT rate and Streptococcus mutans colony counting was done to evaluate correlation with caries activity test using laser fluorescence. Data analysis was accomplished by Axelsson's method. The results from the present study can be summarized as follows: 1. There was positive correlation $(\gamma=0.48)$ between laser fluorescence test and Streptococcus mutans count. And also positive correlation $(\gamma=0.39)$ exists between laser fluorescence test and dDfFtT rate (P<0.01). 2. Positive correlation $(\gamma=0.27)$ between Streptococcus mutans colony count and dDfFtT rate was found(P<0.05). 3. When dDfFtT rate was defined to standard testing method, the specificity, senstivity, and diagnostic power of laser fluorescence test were 44.4%, 85.7%, and 87.8%. 4. When dDfFtT rate was defined to standard testing method, the specificity, senstivity, and diagnostic power of S. mutans colony counting were 77.8%, 92.9%, 84.8%. 5. When S. mutans colony counting was defined to standard testing method, sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic power of laser fluorescence test were 40.0%, 84.8%, 95.1%. In regard to above results, laser fluorescence test considered to be accurate and reliable method for determining caries activity because of it's close relationship with caries susceptibility test and caries experience measurements. And it was also considered to be practical because it would be simple, inexpensive, and time saving method.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.81 no.2
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• pp.250-271
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• 2020

Assessment of myocardial ischemia in patients with stable angina is important in deciding whether to treat coronary artery disease and in predicting clinical outcome. The fractional flow reserve is a standard reference for the diagnosis of myocardial ischemia, but this procedure has limitations because of its invasiveness. Coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) is now an established tool in the anatomic diagnosis of coronary artery disease; however, there are limits to the diagnosis of hemodynamically important stenosis that causes myocardial ischemia. In order to address this problem, studies using quantification of coronary atherosclerotic plaques, myocardial perfusion, and noninvasive calculation of fractional flow reserve based on CCTA have been actively conducted and recognized for their diagnostic value. In this review, several imaging techniques of CCTA used to assess myocardial ischemia are described.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.79-94
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• 2022

Due to the highly contagious nature and severity of the respiratory diseases caused by COVID-19, economical and accurate tests are required to better monitor and prevent the spread of this contagion. As the structural and molecular properties of SARS-CoV-2 were being revealed during the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic, many manufacturers of COVID-19 diagnostic kits actively invested in the design, development, validation, verification, and implementation of diagnostic tests. Currently, diagnostic tests for SARS-CoV-2 are the most widely used and validated techniques for rapid antigen, and immuno-serological assays for specific IgG and IgM antibody tests and molecular diagnostic tests. Molecular diagnostic assays are the gold standard for direct detection of viral RNA in individuals suspected to be infected with SARS-CoV-2. Antibody-based serological tests are indirect tests applied to determine COVID-19 prevalence in the community and identify individuals who have obtained immunity. In the future, it is necessary to explore technical problems encountered in the early stages of global or regional outbreaks of pandemics and provide future directions for better diagnostic tests. This article evaluates the commercially available and FDA-approved molecular and immunological diagnostic assays and analyzes their performance characteristics.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.325-333
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• 1999

경북대학교병원에서 1985년에서 1994년까지 위암 때문에 위 절제수술을 받은 1,192명의 환자에 대한 자료를 이용하여 5년 생존율에 관해 분석하고자 한다. 일반적으로 위암 진단을 받은 환자가 수술을 받으려고 할 때 또는 수술을 직후에, 환자의 임상적 특성들을 이용하여 수술후 생존시간과 수술후 5년 생존 여부는 큰 의미가 있다. 그러나 많은 경우에 있어서 실제 임상자료는 연구가 진행 중에 있으므로 생존시간이 우측 중도절단된 형태로 관측되어 기존의 판별분석과 로짓분석을 적용할 수 없다. 본 논문에서는 Buckley와 James가 제안한 의사확률변수를 이용하여 수술전과 수술직후, 두 시점에서 중도절단된 자료를 보완하고, 판별분석과 로짓분석을 통하여 수술전과 수술직후에 환자들의 각 특성이 5년 생존여부에 미치는 영향을 분석을 한다.

• Journal of the Korean Orthopaedic Association
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.293-301
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• 2019

Soft tissue masses of the extremities and torso are a common problem encountered by orthopaedic surgeons. Although these soft tissue masses are often benign, orthopaedic surgeons need to recognize the key features differentiating benign and malignant masses. An understanding of the epidemiology and clinical presentation of soft tissue masses is needed to develop a practical approach for evaluation and surgical management. Size and depth are the two most important factors on which triage decisions should be based. In a differential diagnosis of a tumor, it is important to know the characteristics of the soft tissue mass through detailed history taking and physical examinations before the diagnostic procedures. A variety of imaging studies, such as simple radiography, ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography, computed tomography, bone scan, and angiography can be used to diagnose tumors. Know the ledge of advantages and disadvantages of each imaging study is essential for confirming the characteristics of the tumor that can be observed in the image. In particular, ultrasonography is convenient because it can be performed easily in an outpatient clinic and its cost is lower than other image studies. On the other hand, the accuracy of the test is affected by the skill of the examiner. A biopsy should be performed to confirm the tumor and be performed after all imaging studies have been done but before the final treatment of soft tissue tumors. When a biopsy is to be performed, careful attention to detail with respect to multidisciplinary coordination beforehand, cautious execution of the procedure to minimize complications, and expedient follow-up and referral to a musculoskeletal oncologist when appropriate, are essential.