• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.1-9
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• 2002

There is the high possibility of crack initiation from mechanical joints, which are widely used in aircraft fuselages, due to the development of stress concentration and contact pressure. In this paper, the mixed-mode stress intensity factors at the surface and deepest points of an inclined quarter elliptical corner crack in mechanical joints are analyzed by the weight function method. The coefficients included in the weight function are obtained by finite element analyses for reference loadings. Critical angle at which mode I stress intensity factor becomes maximum is determined by analyzing the variation of stress intensity factors along incline angle of crack and the effects of the amount of clearance and crack depth on the critical angle are investigated.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.24 no.9 s.180
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• pp.2344-2352
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• 2000

Mechanical joints such as bolted or riveted joints are widely used in mechanical components. The reliable determination of the stress intensity factors for cracks in bolted joints is needed to evaluate the safety and fatigue life of them. The weight function method is an efficient technique to calculate the stress intensity factors for various loading conditions because only the stress analysis of an uncracked model is required. In this paper the mixed-mode stress intensity factors for cracks in bolted joints are obtained by weight function method, in which the coefficients of weight function are determined by finite element analyses for reference loadings. Critical inclined angle that mode I stress intensity factor becomes maximum is determined and the effects of crack length and the magnitude of clearance on critical inclined angle are investigated.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2019.05a
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• pp.204-204
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• 2019

국지성 호우의 증가로 인해 도시 지역의 내수침수피해가 빈번하게 발생하고 있다. 특히 배수의 흐름이 집중되는 저지대 지역과 노후화된 하수관거가 설치된 지역에서 특히 피해가 집중되고 있으며, 이는 도로 측면에 설치된 빗물받이와 같은 하수시설에서 원활하게 배수가 되지 않기 때문에 강우 발생시 도로표면에 노면수가 정체되어 피해가 발생하고 있다. 과거 도로 노면의 형상과 강우의 임계 지속시간을 고려한 적정 우수 유출량 산정에 관한 연구가 진행된 바 있으나, 현재 발생하는 국지성 호우의 형태나 강우강도의 변화에 따른 유출량의 변화가 발생하였으며, 도달시간 산정식에 따른 매개변수의 차이와 새로운 도달시간 산정식의 개발로 도달시간의 결과가 크게 차이가 날 수 있다. 따라서 도로의 침수피해를 막고 교통 안정을 유지하기 위해서는 도로 조건을 고려한 도로 입구 및 하수관의 적절한 설계 등 다양한 연구가 주기적으로 이루어져야 한다. 본 연구에서는 강우 유출 모델인 SWMM 모형과 계산식을 이용하여 도로 표면의 폭과 길이, 도로 종횡단의 변화량, 재 산정한 강우강도에 따른 유출량을 계산하였다. 도로 표면의 폭과 길이, 경사를 다양하게 입력하였으며, 또한 각 Case에 따라 최대 유출량을 생성하는 임계지속기간을 결정하고 다양한 도달시간 산정식의 결과와 비교하여 상관관계를 분석하였다. 분석결과 도달시간은 산정식의 매개변수에 따라 차이가 발생하였으며, 도로표면의 길이와 횡단경사에 크게 영향을 받는 것으로 분석되었으며, 횡단경사보다 종단경사가 클 경우 도달시간이 길어져 유량의 집중을 막는 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• Proceedings of the Acoustical Society of Korea Conference
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• autumn
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• pp.303-306
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• 2000

복잡한 형상을 지닌 터빈 블래이드의 결함을 검사하기 위해 현재 $35^\circ,\; 38^\circ,\; 40^\circ$의 횡파 굴절각을 지닌 탐촉자를 사용하고 있다. 이와 같은 굴절각은 초음파 빔의 경로를 Snell의 법칙에 의해 설정하고 있다. 그러나 터빈 블래이드 검사용 초음파 탐촉자를 제작하는 과정에서 $35^\circ$의 횡파 굴절각을 갖는 경사각 탐촉자는 제작이 어려움을 알았다. 이러한 원인은 철강재료의 종파임계각이 $33.2^\circ$의 횡과굴절각에 대응되며, 종파임계각 근처에서는 전반사 현상 때문에 에너지 투과율이 매우 작아 실제 시험대상체에 입사되는 에너지가 거의 없으며 또한 횡파굴절각이 약 $37.5^\circ$ 일때에 휭파의 에너지 투과율이 최대가 되어 wedge를 $37.5^\circ$ 이하의 횡파굴절각을 갖도록 설계하더라도 측정을 하면 $37.5^\circ$ 근처의 횡파굴 절각을 갖게된다. 즉, 종파임계각 근처에서는 전반사 현상에 의해 경계면에서의 에너지 투과가 매우 작아 횡파 굴절각은 Snell의 법칙이 아닌 초음파 에너지의 투과 정도를 나타내는 echo transmittance의 크기에 의해 결정된다.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.7-12
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• 2008

An experimental study has been conducted to investigate the effect of tunnel slope on critical velocity by using the model funnel of the 1/20 reduced-scale applying the Floods scaling law. the square liquid pool burners were used for methanol, acetone and n-heptane fires. tunnel. Tunnel slopes varied as five different degrees $0^{\circ}$, $2^{\circ}$, $4^{\circ}$, $6^{\circ}$ and $8^{\circ}$. The mass loss rate and the temperatures are measured by a load celt and K-type thermocouples for tunnel slope. Present study results in bigger the critical velocity than the research of Atikinson and Wu using the propane burner. Therefore, when estimating the critical velocity in slope tunnel, the variations of the heat release rate is an important factor. The reason is the ventilation velocity directly affects variation of heat release rate when slope tunnel fire occurred.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.307-311
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• 2006

일반적으로 도달시간은 지표면 유출의 흐름상태에 의존하며, 대개 중력흐름으로 가정하여 도달시간을 산정하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 흐름상태를 중력흐름과 표면장력흐름으로 구분하고 각 흐름을 판단할 수 있는 임계치를 추정하였다. 도달시간 산정을 위해 유역경사와 지표면조고의 영향을 고려할 수 있는 무차원수를 도입하였으며, 이 임계치의 범위에 따라 중력흐름과 표면장력흐름을 구분하고 두 조건의 흐름상태에 따른 도달시간 산정식을 각각 개발하였다. 중력흐름에 의한 도달시간 산정식과 표면장력흐름에 의한 도달시간 산정식을 개발하고 검증하기 위하여 기존 외국에서 실험한 자료를 비교 분석하였다. 분석결과를 통하여 이러한 흐름특성을 고려한 도달시간 산정식을 모형에 적용할 경우 유출모형을 통한 유출량산정의 정확도 향상에 기여할 것으로 판단된다.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.332-341
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• 2012

We studied the effects of induction of natural convection instability flow (NCIF) according to the gravitational orientation (inclined angle) of the membrane cell on the reduction of membrane fouling in the constant-flow ultrafiltration (UF) of colloidal silica solutions. Five colloidal silica solutions with different silica size (average size = 7, 12, 22, 50 nm and 78 nm) were used as UF test solutions. The silica particles in colloidal solutions form cakes on the membrane surface thereby causing severe membrane fouling. The constant-flow UF performance according to the gravitational orientation of the membrane cell (from $0^{\circ}$ to $180^{\circ}$ inclined angle), was examined in an unstirred dead-end cell. We evaluate the effects of NCIF on the suppression of fouling formation by measuring the variation of transmembrane pressure (TMP) and the increase of critical flux by using the flux-stepping method. In the constant-flow dead-end UF for the smaller size (7, 12 nm and 22 nm) silica colloidal solutions, changing the gravitational orientation (inclined angle) of the membrane cell above the $30^{\circ}$ angle induces NCIF in the membrane module. This induced NCIF enhances back transport of the deposited silica solutes away from the membrane surface, therefore gives for the reduction of TMP. But in the constant-flow UF for the more larger size (50 nm and 78 nm) silica colloidal solutions, NCIF effects are not appearing. The critical flux is increased as increasing the module angle and decreasing the silica size. Those results show that the intesity of NCIF occurrence in membrane module is more higher as increasing the module angle and decreasing the silica size.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.47-59
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• 2013

Ultimate load factors of PPWS(Prefabricated Parallel Wire Strand) sockets in main cables of suspension bridges are studied with respect to the tapered angles of the inner surface of sockets. After briefly reviewing the current design method, 15 numbers of finite element models of sockets are prepared by varying the number of wires in a strand and the tapered angles. The finite element models are updated by comparing experimental and numerical results, so that the models can reflect the real behavior of sockets. The stress distributions at the first yielding and ultimate states are analyzed by performing the incremental load analysis using ABAQUS. It is concluded that the optimized tapered angle of sockets should be determined at the specific angle between the results of verification equations of the required bonding length and stress resistance length.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.299-304
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• 2015

Slope stability analysis of unsaturated soil slopes due to rainfall infiltration is an important issue in evaluating landslide analysis and stability assessment. The purpose of this study is to establish the critical depth considering weathered soil of parent rock and rainfall intensity at main scarp in national landslide. Based on the analytical results, it is found that as rainfall duration and Slope angle increased, the critical depth of gneiss-weathered soil increased from 3.00 m to 3.77 m, the critical depth of granite weathered-soil increased from 1.75 m to 2.40 m, and the critical depth of mudstone-weathered soil increased from 3.00 m to 4.15 m, respectively. The critical depth of granite-weathered soil with low cohesion and high internal friction angle is much lower than those of other soils. It is interestingly shown that a decrease in the safety factor is highly significant, much affected by the slope increase rather than the rainfall intensity.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.237-244
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• 2011

An experimental study was carried out to investigate the effect of the inclination angle on the nucleate pool boiling of saturated water at atmospheric pressure. We considered an annulus with a gap of 5 mm and a bottom opening. The inner tube of the annulus was heated, and the outer diameter and the length of the tube were 25.4 mm and 500 mm, respectively. The inclination angle was varied from horizontal to vertical. The results were compared to those for an annulus with a larger gap and a single tube. In the small-gap annulus, the effect of the inclination angle on the heat transfer was not significant. However, an early onset of the critical heat flux was observed at 80 kW/$m^2$ when the annulus was horizontal. Liquid agitation and bubble coalescence were considered to be the major heat-transfer mechanisms.