• Title/Summary/Keyword: 일회용 기저귀

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A Study of the Development of Disposable Diapers for the Elderly in Need(II) (거동 부자유 노인을 위한 일회용 기저귀 개발에 관한 연구(II))

  • 조진숙;최진희;허은영
    • Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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    • v.38 no.12
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    • pp.73-84
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    • 2000
  • This article is a continuing report about a development of disposable diapers for the elderly in need. In previous report, the first prototypes of disposable diapers in two different categories have been developed. One was a panty type and the other was a pad type. These prototypes were results of property test and wear test of existing disposable diapers in each categories. Yet, in order to develop useable products, the second property and wear tests using the first prototype diapers were carried out. Considering the resets of the second tests, enhancements to the first prototypes were made to refine the second prototypes. The panty type diaper were altered to be longer to prevent evacuation from leaking and fit better. The pad type diapers were altered to reduce thickness for comfort and wearing appearance when get dressed. Ultimately a lot more disposable diapers will be required in future. Resulting suggestions are as follows. Anthropometric data around hip area of elderly in both sexes have to be collected to give meaningful information to diaper manufacturers, so that they can manufacture for different sizes and different sexes. Also we suggests that diapers for specific disease such as diabetics have to be designed accordingly.

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Studies on the Recovery of Useful Materials from Disposable Diaper Waste using Pilot Stock Preparation Units (파일럿 지료 조성설비를 이용한 폐 일회용 기저귀의 유용성분 회수에 관한 연구)

  • Lee, Tai Ju;Nam, Yoon Seok;Park, Jeong Eun;Jo, Jun Hyung;Ryu, Jeong Yong;Lee, Ho Sun
    • Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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    • v.47 no.4
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    • pp.66-75
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    • 2015
  • Disposable diaper waste is consisted of plastic, fiber, and SAP (Super Absorbent Polymer). They are valuable to be used as raw materials of other products including plastic blocks and pulp mold. Nevertheless, disposable diaper waste have been disposed by landfill and incineration without recycling. Due to strict environmental regulations it is necessary to develop fractionation technique to recycle the disposable diaper waste. In this study the fractionation technique using pilot-scale stock preparation units was investigated. Process for separation of plastic and fibers from disposable diaper waste was composed by the combination of pilot-scale pulper, drum screen, screen and cleaner. Recovery rate of plastics and fiber was checked according to the various operating conditions. In drum screen, recovery rate of plastic was high when the cut size of disposable diaper waste was $5cm{\times}5cm$. The highest recovery rate of fiber was achieved with 0.3 mm slot screen. It is important to control the neutral state of SAP for improvement of recovery rate of fiber since SAP can be swelled easily in water. Therefore SAP can be controlled efficiently by the addition of calcium chloride into the pulper. Consequently recovery rates of plastics and fibers were over 90 and 80% under the optimum pilot operating conditions.

A Study for the Development of Disposable Diaspers for the Elderly in Need (거동 부자유 노인을 위한 일회용 기저귀 개발에 관한 연구)

  • 조진숙;김소라;최진희
    • Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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    • v.37 no.7
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    • pp.29-43
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    • 1999
  • The purpose of this study was to develop disposable diapers for the elderly in need by experimenting with wearing disposable diapers and analyzing the properties of materials of these diapers. The diapers were of two different types: one was a panty type for the elderly who were bed ridden, and the other was a pad type for the elderly who had incontinence. The subjects for the wearing test of the panty type were forty who were bed ridden, and there were forty subjects for the wearing test of the pad type who had incontinence. The disposable diapers for these experiments were chosen from those already found in the market place. Four panty types and three pad types were selected. From these experiments for the disposable diapers, the first prototypes were developed, and the second prototypes were proposed by experimenting with the first prototypes. The first panty prototype was designed to improve absorbing power, and we added waist rubber bands to prevent evacuation from back leaking and a frontal tape to prevent waistline film from tearing. The first pad prototype was designed to improve absorbing power also, and we added side rubber bands to prevent the side leaking and an adhesive tape on the fore part of the bottom to prevent the diapers from moving, and made the outline of the back area curved and thin to help hide the diaper from detection thus making the wearer feel better. From these test cases and analyzing the properties of materials with the first prototypes, we gained some success, but several points on further improvements were proposed to refine the final prototypes. The second panty prototype we proposed was to make 1he length longer, especially in the crotch area to prevent excess leaking and to fit the body more snugly. Also, the second pad prototype was proposed to reduce the total thickness of the diaper, and to improve the feeling and appearance.

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Studies on the Pulping Conditions of Separating Useful Components from Disposable Diaper Waste (폐 일회용 기저귀의 유용 성분 회수를 위한 해리조건 연구)

  • Lee, Tai-Ju;Choi, Do-Chim;Nam, Yun-Seok;Jo, Jun-Hyung;Lee, Ho-Seon;Ryu, Jeong-Yong
    • Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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    • v.47 no.2
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    • pp.1-8
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    • 2015
  • Disposable diaper has been used in order to handle urine and feces conveniently. At present the amount of disposable diaper waste increases gradually. Incineration and landfill have been the only ways to dispose of disposable diapers. However, if they are disposed by landfill, decomposition will take more than one hundred years. In addition, another way of dispose incineration has caused air pollution. Therefore, it is necessary to study recycling process for disposable diaper since plastic and wood fibers of diaper are useful materials to recycle. In this study, pulping condition of disposable diaper waste was studied in order to effectively separate the components. Recovery rates of plastic and fibers were analyzed under different pulping conditions. It was found that optimum pulping consistency was 5%, time was 60 minutes, temperature was $50^{\circ}C$, and cut size is $21cm{\times}21cm$. The recovery rate of plastic and fibers can be achieved above 70% under the optimum pulping condition.

생쥐 초기 배아에서 Aquaporin 8과 9의 발현에 관한 연구

  • 신현상;계명찬;강수만;이성은;이지원;강한승;김문규
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Developmental Biology Conference
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    • 2003.10a
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    • pp.68-68
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    • 2003
  • Aquaporin은 막관통 통로 단백질(transmembrane channel protein)로서, 삼투압의 농도구배에 따라 세포막을 가로질러 물분자를 이동시키는 기능을 하고 있다. 포유류 초기배아에서 포배강 형성은 영양외배엽세포에서 $Na^+ / K^+$ATPase에 의한 이온 농도 구배가 형성되면 auqaporin에 의해 물이 포배강으로 유입되면서 이루어진다. 본 연구에서는 생쥐 초기배아에서 반정량적인 역전사 중합효소 연쇄반응 방법(semi-quantitative RT-PCR)과 실시간 역전사 중합효소 연쇄반응 방법(real-time RT-PCR)을 통하여 AQP8과 9의 mRNA발현을 조사하고 다중 면역형광현미경 방법(confocal immunofluorescence microscopy)을 통해 단백질 발현양상을 분석하였다. AQP8 mRNA는 상실기까지 발현되지 않다가 포배기에 이르러 발현되었고 AQP9 mRNA는 수정란에서부터 발현되어 포배기에는 유의할 정도로 증가하였다. 따라서 AQP8 mRNA는 배아유전자가 활성화되어 나타나는 것이고 AQP9 mRNA는 모계유전자 기원임을 알 수 있었다. AQP8 단백질은 상실배 단계까지 발현되지 않다가 포배시기에 영양외배엽세포사이의 접합면에 발현되었고 AQP9 단백질은 상실배 시기에 할구 사이의 인접 부위에서 강하게 발현되었다가 포배시기에는 세포간의 접합면에 약하게 발현하는 경향을 나타내었다. 실시간 역전사 중합효소 연쇄반응 방법으로 조사한 결과 포배에서 물과 글리세롤을 통과시키는 AQP9는 mRNA의 발현양이 AQP8보다 약 4배 정도 많았다. 또한 포배기에 이르러서야 물만을 통과시키는 AQP8의 발현이 나타나는 것을 보아 포배강 형성시 외부에서 영양외배엽을 통해 포배강으로 유입되는 물의 이동(trans- trophectodermal water movements)에 AQP9보다 AQP8이 더 중요하게 관여할 것으로 사료된다., K, Pb, Cd, Cr, Co, Cu, Ni)을 측정하였다. 실험 조건1의 결과로서 각 국의 유아용 일회용 기저귀의 중금속 함량은 거의 유사한 경향을 나타내었으며 Cr, Zn, Pb, Ni, Mn, Mg, Li, K는 detection limit(2 ppm) 이하였고, Cd, Fe, Co, Cu, Ca, Al, Sr는 검출되었지만 기준치 이하였다. 실험 조건2의 결과로서 측정 항목(Cr, Sb, Cd, Pb, Ni, Co, Cu)중 Cr, Cd, Ni, Cu는 detection limit(0.1 ppm) 이하였고, Sb, Pb, Co는 검출되었지만 기준치 이하였다.았다. 4%의 경우에는 8$0^{\circ}C$이하로 온도를 낮추는 것이 좋은 상태를 나타내었다. 이와 같은 결과는 일반적으로 화학적 레팅을 4%, 7%에서한 선행결과와 상당히 다른 결과이다.염 농도가 증가할수록 감소 현상을 보였다.X>, 75BG30은 8.6$\mu\textrm{m}$, 75BG40은 7.02$\mu\textrm{m}$로 나타났다. 따라서 경화제 양에 관계없이 10$\mu\textrm{m}$ 이하로 나타나, 경화제 10$m\ell$만으로 미세한 크기를 얻을 수 있음을 알 수 있다. 젤리 강도 변화에 따른 차이는 300BF는 78.09$\mu\textrm{m}$ 300BG는 56.32$\mu\textrm{m}$로, 75BF나 75BG에 비하여 현저히 증가하여, 젤라틴의 젤리 강도는 캡슐 제조 조건의 주요한 변수임을 알 수 있다.추출물 투여시 혈당강하 및 혈중콜레스테롤 강하가 나타났으며, 상엽복합추출물 투여와 운동을 병행시 이러한 감소 효과가 더 뚜렷하게 나타났다.교육의 적임자로 보는 시각이 비교적 높았고 약 1/2정도는 영양교육에 참여하겠다는 의지를 가지고 있을 뿐만 아니라 실제로 영양지도를

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