• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.160-166
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• 2007

Purpose: The current study assessed the factors affecting outcomes of primary repair procedures in tears of multiple rotator cuff tendons. Materials and Methods: Among the cases of rotator cuff tears involving two or more tendons receiving operations between 1997 and 2003, The clinical results of 19 cases with more than 2 years follow-up were evaluated by the UCLA score. We evaluated the correlation of trauma, active motion, acromiohumeral distance, tear size, and surface area with the UCLA score using Pearson's linear correlation coefficient (PLCC). Results: UCLA scores increased significantly in all cases, from 9 to 26.1 on average. However, the results were good in 53%, and poor in 47% according to Ellman's criteria. Trauma, active elevation, acromiohumeral distance, and tear size did not correlate with the UCLA score, but the tear surface area was inversely correlated with the score (PLCC=-0.696). Cases with degeneration of the infraspinatus muscle above Goutallier grade III on MRI showed worse results than cases with less degeneration. Conclusion: The clinical results of primary repair of rotator cuff tears involving multiple tendons were satisfactory in 53% of patients. Large tear surface area and severe degeneration of the infraspinatus were poor prognostic factors.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.202-209
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• 2019

The primary productivity and production rate of photosynthetic pigment of periphyton and phytoplankton were estimated using a $^{13}C$ stable labeling technique in May 2011, in the waterfront of Lake Paldang. Primary productivity of periphyton ($28.15mgC\;m^{-2}\;d^{-1}$) was higher than phytoplankton production ($0.14mgC\;m^{-2}\;d^{-1}$). The net production rates of photosynthetic pigments(Chl a and Fucoxanthin) of periphyton were $2.53ngC\;m^{-2}\;d^{-1}$ and $0.12ngC\;m^{-2}\;d^{-1}$, respectively. On the other hand, the net production rate of pigments on phytoplankton (Chl a : $0.023ngC\;m^{-2}\;d^{-1}$, Fucoxanthin: $0.002ngC\;m^{-2}\;d^{-1}$) was lower than that of periphyton. Specific production rates of individual pigments of phytoplankton to the total primary productivity indicate the predominance of diatom (Fucoxanthin) species in phytoplankton assemblage in Lake Paldang. The net individual production rate of pigments by $^{13}C$ tracer was a useful tool to estimate the contribution of each phytoplankton class for total primary productivity, and it is possible to calculate the seasonal contribution of each phytoplankton class to the total primary productivity in the aquatic ecosystems. This study is the first report on photosynthetic pigment production rates of periphyton and phytoplankton.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.99-105
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was conducted in order to investigate the diuretic effects of Erythritol (ET) salt on urinary electrolyte excretion in Sprague-Dawley Rats. Methods: Animals were divided into two groups: Salt group (n = 7) and Salt + ET fed group (n = 7). Animals were provided food and water ad libitum. Supplements were administered orally to animals for one week. Results: Body weights were not statistically different between groups either on Day 1 or Day 7. However, water consumption of the Salt + ET group was significantly higher than that of the Salt group on Day 1 and Day 7. Urine volume of the Salt + ET group was approximately 27% and 38% higher than that of the Salt group on Day 1 and Day 7. In addition, we found that the total amounts of urinary electrolytes, such as sodium and potassium, of the Salt + ET group were significantly higher than those of the Salt group on Day 7. We also found that serum electrolyte concentrations did not differ between two groups. These results demonstrated that salt intake with ET was effective in increasing urinary electrolyte excretion, which might be caused by higher water intake and diuretic effect inhibiting reabsorption of water, sodium, and potassium in renal tubules. Conclusion: The results suggest that short-term supplementation of ET salt can be a potential diuretic agent by inhibiting sodium and potassium reabsorption and inducing loss of water.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.303-313
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• 2011

Field observations and culture experiments have been carried out during the rainy season (on the 6th, 8th and 27th July 2009) to examine changes in the primary productivity and associated plant pigments in the estuary of the Seom-jin River. Primary productivity was determined at four sampling stations along the salinity gradient. On 6th July (before heavy rain) primary productivity ranged from 689~1,169 mgC $m^{-2}$ $d^{-1}$. On the 8th, just after more than 216.5 mm of precipitation, euphotic layers at all stations were reduced to very shallow water because of the high concentration of suspended solids in the water. This resulted in dramatically decreased primary productivity down to as low as 12~32 mg C $m^{-2}$ $d^{-1}$. However, after the rain, primary productivity on the 27th ranged from 266~999 mgC $m^{-2}$ $d^{-1}$, demonstrating a fast recovery in the upper stream water to similar productivity levels to those before the rainy season. Concentration of fucoxanthin in the water was highest on the 6th July. Before the rain, concentration of the zeaxanthin, increased as the salinity decreased. Immediately after the heavy rain, the Chl b (Chlorophytes) concentration was higher at all sites than before the rainy season. The concentration of fucoxanthin decreased after the heavy rain. At the downstream site, peridinin (Dinoflagellates) were found. During the rainy season, the diatoms contributed to the primary productivity at all sites. However, after the rainy season, Chl b (Chlorophytes) and Peridinin (Dinoflagellates) increased, demonstrating the enhanced contribution of those species in addition to diatoms.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.271-279
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• 2021

Sweet pumpkin is rich in minerals such as calcium, phosphorus and fiber, and also contains a large amount of β-carotene, which has antioxidant effects. In this study, Makgeolli containing steaming sweet pumpkin (SP) was manufactured to enhance the antioxidant activity. To prepare the Makgeolli, SP was added in amounts of 5, 10, 20, and 30% (w/w), and the chemical (pH, total acidity, alcohol), microbiological (lactic acid bacteria, yeast) properties, and antioxidant activities (DPPH, ABTS) were examined during fermentation and storage for 9 days. The pH of SP Makgeolli was 4.00-4.23 at day 1 of fermentation, and then the pH gradually decreased as fermentation progressed, showing the lowest results at day 9 (3.28-3.52). At day 1, the total acidity was significantly increased (P<0.05) as the amount of SP (0-30%; 0.09-0.55%) and the total acidity in SP Makgeolli (1.01-1.20) was also rapidly increased by 5 days of fermentation. Alcohol content was significantly increased (P<0.05) as the amount of SP (0-30%; 4.59-5.77%) increased at day 9. The counts of lactic acid bacteria and yeast in SP Makgeolli were 8.0-8.1 and 7.9-7.8.0 CFU/mL, respectively, which was higher than SP 0% at day 9. DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities were significantly increased (P<0.05) as the amount of SP (0-30%; 48.29-78.97% for DPPH, 62.12-86.68% for ABTS) increased at day 9. This study suggests that Makgeolli added with SP could be potentially and commercially developed due to its superior microbiological and chemical properties, including high antioxidant activities.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.325-331
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• 2009

The objective of this study was to describe the prevalence of the headache attributed to Temporomandibular disorder(TMD) symptoms and to investigate the relationships of headache and TMD. 66 patients seeking care for signs and symptoms of Temporomandibular disorders(TMD) and Orofacial pain in the department of oral medicine, Dental Hospital, Chosun University, from January, 2008 to June, 2008, were recruited. The obtained results were as follows : 1. A muscle and TMJ origin combined was the most common in study populations(54.55%), grouped as TMD classification. 2. Tension type headache was the most common in study population(89.39%), grouped as headache classification. 3. 36 patients out of 66(54.55%) had headaches which related to TMD. 4. Out of 36 patients who had suffered the headache which were attributed to TMD, 19 patients(52.78%) described that their headache related to TMD was different from their own primary headaches. In conclusion, headache attributed to TMD is relatively common in the patients who had headaches and TMD symptoms together. And the new headache patterns may related to headache and TMD chronification. Larger-scale studies and more specified and controlled comparison study is needed to confirm the relationship between the headache and TMD.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.75-79
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• 1989

The etiologic agents of mucormycosis are several nonpathogenic fungi of the order Mucorales and are ubiquitous. A total of 82 chickens were infected with the disease and developed anorexia, diarrhea, malnutrition, dyspnea, and paralysis in a chicken farm, Sokcho, Kwangwon. At necropsy there were multiple nodular lesions and hemorrhages in livers, spleens, kidneys, gastrointestinal track, and respiratory system. On histopathological examination it was found that the nodular lesions were consisted of granoulomatous inflammation accompanying characteristic hyphae ($4{\sim}24{\mu}$ wide) of the fungi.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.325-329
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• 2000

근막동통은 발통점과 중추흥분효과가 나타나는 국소적 근육성 동통이다. 발통점은 근육의 일부나 건 부착점에 나타나는 부위로서 단단한 띠로서 느껴지고 촉진시 통증을 유발한다. 통증은 관련된 발통점의 위치에 따라 연관된 부위에 나타난다. 이러한 근막 발통점에 따른 증상은 약한 기능이상부터 일상생활이 어렵게 되는 정도의 심한 통증까지 다양하다. 이의 발생에는 국소적 근육이상, 심부 동통, 심리적 스트레스의 증가, 수면장애와 전신적인 요인들도 관여한다. 일반적으로 치료는 보존적인 처치로써, fluoro-methane 같은 vapocoolant spray를 사용하는 사용하여 분사신장하는 방법이 있으며, 국소적인 주사, 마사지, 초음파, 온열요법등이 있다. 여러 환자에서 근막동통을 가지는 환자에 분사신장요법을 시행한 결과 대부분 환자에서 증상의 개선을 보였다. 근막동통의 치료시 분사신장요법은 매우 보존적인 처치로 임상가의 적용과 접근이 쉬우며, 환자로 하여금 치료에 따른 불안감을 줄이면서 만족을 느낄 수 있는 치료로 사료된다. 그러나 만성 환자의 경우 분사신장요법의 치료결과에 대한 만족도가 높지 않았다. 분사신장 용법은 근막동통을 가진 환자 모두에서 효과적이지는 않으나 치료의 도입으로, 근막동통을 진단시에 일차적으로 사용할 수 있는 안정한 보존적인 용법으로 사료된다.

• The Korean Journal of Quaternary Research
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 1994

한국서해 경기만 남부 반월조간대 퇴적층에서 망간과구리의 함량특성을 밝히기 위 하여 총 3개의 주상시료를 채취하여 퇴적물의 입자와 유기탄소(organic carbon)함량을 일차 적으로 분석하였고 이에 따른 중요 시료에 대하여 망간과 구리의 함량을 분석하였다. 이러 한 분석결과는 연구지역의 망간함량이 연근해역 퇴적물의 망간함량에 비해 낮고 구리함량은 상대적으로 높다. 연구지역 내에서도 환원환경인 중부와 하부조간대에서 망간함량이 낮고 구리의 함량이 높게 나타났다. 이와같이 반월조간대 퇴적물의 망간 함량이 낮은 이유는 환 원환경에 공급괸 망간 산화물이 수 mm 깊이의 퇴적층에서 용해되고 그결과 생성된 용존 망간이 퇴적층과 해수와의 경계면(interface)으로 이동 제거 되었기 때문이다. 그러나 구리- 유기물 결합체는 퇴적물내에서 분해되고 그결과 생성된 용존구리는 황화물로 재 침전 되기 때문에 높은 함량을 나타내는 것으로 해석된다, 이와같은 결과는 반월 조간대 퇴적층의 초 기속작용의 영향을 받는 것으로 사료된다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2011.08a
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• pp.356-356
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• 2011

탄소나노튜브(CNT)는 기계적, 전기적, 열적성질이 매우 우수하여 다양한 응용이 기대되고 있다. CNT를 금속기판에 직접 합성시킬 경우 CNT와 금속기판의 계면에서 높은 전도성 및 물리적 접착 강도를 기대할 수 있어서, 전계방출(field emission) 소자 또는 방열(heat dissipation) 소자 등과 같은 CNT의 높은 전도성과 일차원적 구조를 이용하고자 하는 분야로의 응용가능성을 높일 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 CNT의 합성촉매로 주로 사용되고 있는 니켈을 주요 성분으로 함유하고 있는 Inconel, Hastelloy, Invar 등을 합성기판으로 선정하여, CNT의 합성 거동을 조사하였다. CNT 합성은 CVD방법을 이용하였으며, 아세틸렌가스를 원료가스로 이용하였다. 합성 전 기판의산화 전처리가 CNT합성 효율에 영향을 미치는 것을 확인하였으며, 이를 체계적으로 조사하기 위하여, 다양한 온도(425~725$^{\circ}C$) 구간에서 산화 전처리를 실시한 후 CNT의 합성 거동을 조사하였다. 산화과정에 의한 표면구조의 변화 및 표면에서 금속성분의 재배열이 CNT합성 효율 변화의 원인으로 사료되고 있으며, 이를 분석하기 위해서, AFM, XRD, EDS, SEM, TEM 등을 이용하였다. 본 연구결과는 향후 전자방출소자, X-ray source 및 방열소자 등의 응용에 유용할 것으로 기대된다.