• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.479-485
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• 2015

This study was conducted to study the factors inducing micro-cracking and determine proper practices to reduce its occurrence in 'Mansoo' pear fruits. Micro-cracking was observed on ripe fruits. Occurrence of micro-cracking was closely related to sun duration time in August. Micro-cracking occurred severely with shorter sun duration, but weakly with longer sun duration and continuous sunlight. Micro-cracking fruits occurred more frequently in trees with a pergola training system than in those with Y-trellis, but there was no difference between the irrigated and non-irrigated groups. While no micro-cracking was observed without fruit bagging, micro-cracking occurred in fruits with black and yellow outer paper bagging at rates of 62.2 and 17.3%, respectively. Our results suggest that the light condition was the most important cause of micro-cracking because the occurrence of micro-cracking in 'Mansoo' fruits was affected by factors including sun duration, trellis system and fruit bag color. We suggested that micro-cracking could be reduced in 'Mansoo' fruit by optimizing the light conditions with the proper trellis system, bagging color and summer pruning.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.87-89
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• 2003

벼의 생육과 수량에는 토양과 생물환경 못지 않게 기상환경도 중요하다. 기상환경 중에서도 기온과 일조시수의 영향은 매우 커서 이에 대한 연구가 많이 이루어 졌다. 따라서 본 시험에서는 여수지역에서의 10년간 기상조건과 벼의 수량성을 비교하였던바 생육 초기의 영양생장기에 비하여 생육후기의 생식 생장기에서의 높은 고온과 많은 일조시간(일사량)은 증수되는 경향이 었다.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.67 no.3
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• pp.189-197
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• 2022

This study investigated the antioxidant and yield properties of eight adzuki bean (Vigna angularis L.) cultivars grown under different mean temperatures and sunshine hours in 2020 and 2021. Compared to 2021, which had a normal mean temperature, 2020 showed a lower mean temperature during the pod-extension and grain-filling periods. In addition, due to frequent rainfall during the vegetative period in 2020, there were fewer hours of sunshine in 2020 than in 2021. The adzuki bean yield was approximately 13% lower in 2020 than in 2021 due to the decreased number of pods per plant and 100-seeds weight. 'Hongda' and 'Hongjin' cultivars showed more stable yields than the 'Arari' variety, which is the most commonly cultivated variety in Korea. Moreover, the 'Hongda' and 'Hongjin' cultivars had higher yields than the 'Arari' variety in both years. Compared to 2021, in 2020, when the weather conditions were unfavorable, both antioxidant levels and activity were higher. 'Hongda' had higher antioxidant levels and activity than the other cultivars over the 2 years. These results suggest that the antioxidant levels and activity were good in 2020, with an approximately 13% decrease in yield compared to 2021, which was a normal year with respect to mean temperature and sunshine hours.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.233-241
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• 2016

Experiments were carried out to quantify the topographic effects on attenuation of sunshine in complex terrain and the results are expected to help convert the coarse resolution sunshine duration information provided by the Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA) into a detailed map reflecting the terrain characteristics of mountainous watershed. Hourly shaded relief images for one year, each pixel consisting of 0 to 255 brightness value, were constructed by applying techniques of shadow modeling and skyline analysis to the 3m resolution digital elevation model for an experimental watershed on the southern slope of Mt. Jiri in Korea. By using a bimetal sunshine recorder, sunshine duration was measured at three points with different terrain conditions in the watershed from May 15, 2015 to May 14, 2016. The brightness values of the 3 corresponding pixel points on the shaded relief map were extracted and regressed to the measured sunshine duration, resulting in a brightness-sunshine duration response curve for a clear day. We devised a method to calibrate this curve equation according to sky condition categorized by cloud amount and used it to derive an empirical model for estimating sunshine duration over a complex terrain. When the performance of this model was compared with a conventional scheme for estimating sunshine duration over a horizontal plane, the estimation bias was improved remarkably and the root mean square error for daily sunshine hour was 1.7hr, which is a reduction by 37% from the conventional method. In order to apply this model to a given area, the clear-sky sunshine duration of each pixel should be produced on hourly intervals first, by driving the curve equation with the hourly shaded relief image of the area. Next, the cloud effect is corrected by 3-hourly 'sky condition' of the KMA digital forecast products. Finally, daily sunshine hour can be obtained by accumulating the hourly sunshine duration. A detailed sunshine duration distribution of 3m horizontal resolution was obtained by applying this procedure to the experimental watershed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry, and Cartography Conference
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• 2006.04a
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• pp.327-332
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• 2006

본 연구의 목적은 GIS 공간분석을 이용하여 음영에 따른 노면결빙예상구간을 정량적으로 평가하는데 있다 산악지역의 도로는 절토 및 터널구간이 많아서 겨울철에는 결빙구간이 발생될 우려가 있으며, 이는 교통 안전사고를 크게 야기시킬 수 있다. 따라서 도로의 기본설계에서부터 각 구간에서의 일조 환경 및 노면결빙예상구간을 정량적으로 정확하게 예측할 수 있는 분석이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 동해고속도로 중 약 29km구간에 대하여 3차원 모델링, 일조 시뮬레이션, 지오데이터베이스 구축, GIS 중첩 기능에 의한 공간분석을 통해 노면결빙 예상구간을 추출할 수 있었다. 연구결과, GIS를 이용할 경우 기상조건 별로 도로의 일조영향에 따른 노면결빙 예상구간을 정량적으로 추출할 수 있었으며, 연구대상지역 중 상당한 구간이 결빙의 위험에 노출되어 있음을 알 수 있었다. 또한 GIS를 이용한 렌더링 기법이 기존의 음영기복 방법보다 정확하며, 3차원 상에서 그림자의 변화를 시각적으로 판단할 수 있음을 알 수 있었다. 향후 본 논문이 도로관련 법제도상의 노면결빙구간에 대한 규정을 제정하는데 크게 이바지할 수 있을 것으로 생각되며, 도로 설치 구조물의 배치 및 도로포장의 종류 등을 고려한 추가적인 음영구간추출 연구가 필요하다고 판단된다.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.269-276
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• 2011

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 3 environment- friendly farming materials on the growth of pepper and tomato seedlings under low level of solar radiation. The pepper and tomato seedlings were separately grown on commercial substrate and non-fertilizer substrate under 30% shading condition, respectively. The microbe-, enzyme-, and amino acid-supplements were used for the foliar application to the seedlings. The application of enzyme- and amino acid-supplements significantly enhanced the growth of tomato and pepper seedlings grown on non-fertilizer substrate, while there was no significant effect on the seedlings grown on commercial substrate. The foliar application of enzyme- and amino acid-supplements reduced the days to flowering by 3 to 4 days and lowered the node order of fruit set in tomato plants grown on non-fertilizer substrate. The results showed that the enzyme- and amino acid-supplements could enhance the seedling growth and lower the node order of fruit set under limited nutritional conditions.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management
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• autumn
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• pp.17-22
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• 2001

"대가지급"은 시공자(계약상대자)가 계약의 이행을 통해 얻고자 하는 궁극적인 목적이므로 "대가지급"과 관련된 계약조건은 발주자와 시공자 모두에게 공정하고 합리적인 내용이 되어야 할 것인데 우리나라 건설계약에 적용되고 있는 "공사계약일반조건(회계예규 2200.04-104-9, 2001.2.10)"에 규정된 "대가지급" 관련 조항의 내용은 그러한 합리성이 결여되어 있는 문제점이 있다. 대표적인 문제점으로 발주자가 대가지급을 하지 못하거나 지연시키는 경우 지급지연에 따른 이자에 대한 보상규정만을 두고 있을 뿐인데 이는 국제건설계약에 적용되고 있는 계약조건에 규정된 시공자의 권리와는 너무도 큰 차이가 있다 할 것이다. 그러므로 본 고에서는 세계건설시장에서 공정성과 합리성을 인정받고 있는 FIDIC 계약조건에 규정된 "대가지급" 관련 조항의 내용들을 구체적으로 알아보고 이를 통해 우리나라 건설계약에 적용되고 있는 계약조건의 문제점을 파악함으로써 건설제도의 선진화에 일조 하고자 한다.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.751-759
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• 2014

Currently, due to global warming, occurrences of extreme climate phenomena such as heat wave, heavy snow, heavy rain, super typhoon are continuously increasing all over the world. Due to these extreme climate phenomena, concrete structures and infrastructures are exposed to serious deterioration and damage. However, researches on construction technologies and standards to confront the climate change generated problems are needed presently. In order to better handle these problems, the validity of the present concrete mixture proportions are evaluated considering wind speed and sunlight exposure time based on climate change record in Seoul, Korea. The specimens cured at various wind speed and sunlight exposure time conditions were tested to obtain their compressive and split tensile strengths at various curing ages. Moreover, performance based evaluation (PBE) method was used to analyze the target strength satisfaction percentage of the concrete cured for the curing conditions. From the probabilistic method of performance evaluation of concrete performance, feasibility and usability of current concrete mix design practice for climate change conditions can be evaluated.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.12
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• pp.7393-7402
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• 2014

This study focused on improving the Biotope Area Ratio, which has existing availability as a legal and institutional method for the architectural and urban fields to respond rapidly to recently growing demands for urban agriculture. The existing Biotope Area Ratio indicators only considers the depth and permeability of soil among a range of conditions for plant growth; they can be used for landscaping plants management but have difficulties in dealing with plants that are the major factors in urban agriculture. This study aimed to verify this hypothesis and suggest a direction of improvement in the Biotope Area Ratio. The study discovered that the management of plant growth only using the Biotope Area Ratio indicators has limitations.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.10-17
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• 2003

The year of 2002 was very unusual in climatic condition. Warm winter weather, high temperature and drought in March and April, little precipitation in June and early and mid-July and, nearly continuous rain-falls from late July to whole period of August accompanied with low temperature and insufficient sunshine in 2002 resulted in unfavorable conditions for plant growth in one way or another, In relation to the unusual weather, in general, diseases associated with low temperature, poor radiation and much rainfall occurred severely in this year, In rice, incidence of bacterial grain rot, and false smut increased sharply, whereas other major diseases including blast occurred mildly due mainly to the reduced application of nitrogen fertilizer, In vegetables, potato and sweet potato, and fruit trees, incidence of diseases was largely dependent on climatic condition of growth period in particular crops. However, diseases favored low temperature and much rainfall, such as Phytophthora disease increased markedly compared to those of normal years, while anthracnose and soft rot tended to decrease significantly.