• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.509-546
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• 2010

Although coal has been utilized as major fuel, it is known as 'most climate unfriendly' fuel. Carbon tax or tradable permit policy has been discussed as major measure for reducing production and consumption of coal, but it might be more efficient to remove subsidy on coal production and consumption. This study examines economic and environmental effects of recycling revenue from reducing subsidy on the use of coal to foster climate friendly fuel (ligneous biomass) by price subsidy or increased public expenditure. A static CGE model was applied to analyze the welfare consequences and economic impacts of two policy measures. The result shows that price subsidy policy is more desirable than creation of public demand in terms of welfare as well as overall economic impacts.

• Proceedings of the Korea Technology Innovation Society Conference
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• 2014.10a
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• pp.535-555
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• 2014

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.245-274
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• 2003

This paper analyzes the economic and environmental impacts of domestic policy to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by focusing on carbon tax, domestic emissions trading and the mixture of these policies. By utilizing a dynamic CGE model, KORTEM, this study shows that the economic cost under carbon tax is projected to be higher than that under emission trading. It is because under carbon tax scheme each emitter in economy must meet its emission target regardless of the abatement cost. On the other hand, emission trading allows emitters to reduce the marginal cost of abatement through trading of emission permits. In designing policy portfolio to address the climate change problem in Korea, therefore, this paper proposes the introduction of domestic emission trading scheme as the main domestic policy Instrument.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.231-276
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• 2019

This paper analyzed the impact of the penetration of EV(electric vehicle) and FCEV(fuel cell electric vehicle) into the automobile industry, using a static CGE approach. There are contrasting view on the economic impact of EV/FCEV penetration: negative economic impact due to shrunken intermediate inputs versus positive impact because of input saving technical progress. Regarding environment, there is no clear consensus whether EV or FCEV will contribute to the reduction of $CO_2$ emissions in Korea. This study attempts to provide an answer to these questions. By giving shocks to the input coefficients of automobile industries and automobile using sectors, as well as to the final demands for energies. we integrated the Bass diffusion model into the CGE framework, The result suggests that the EV penetration has adverse impact on the $CO_2$ emission while the FCEV penetration has positive impact. On the other hand, both EV and FCEV have positive impacts on GDP. When considering automobile manufacturing sectors only, adverse impacts on $CO_2$ are demonstrated both for EV and FCEV. However, since the size of $CO_2$ increase is small, these results does not alter the overall effects.

• 한국노년학
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.1107-1116
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• 2010

The elderly people with advancing years have many problems such as the decline of the proprioceptive, visual & vestibular function and muscle weakness. Furthermore the decrease of the reflex which influences the balance ability in sudden change of the movement could cause the falls. The difficulty of the balance caused by the fear releated to the fall aggravates the Falls Efficacy and causes a lot of the disability of the independent activities of daily living. The purpose of this study was the effect of a Virtual Reality Program on Static Balance control and Fall efficacy of Elderly people. 14 elderly people(subjects) who were ≥65years of age partiripated in this study and they were divided into VR(Virtual Reality) group(n=7) and Control group (n=7). VR group took the general physical therapy & IREX and only the general physical therapy was carried out in the control group. VR group of intervention was carried out for 30min. total 8times. They were evaluated by BIO-Rescue, Fall Efficacy Scale before and after treatment. The Static Balance control and Fall efficacy were assessed by Bio-Rescue & Falls Efficacy Scale. The analysis of the resulf was assessed by Wilcoxon signed test & Mann-Whitney U test. The result showed that the static balance of VR group with the open eyes was improved in a static balance test and range of the movement was increased in limited of stability. And Falls Efficacy was also efficacious. IREX was effective to static balance control and Falls Efficacy of the elderly When we think about these effects, various treatments and objective assessments using VR program will be needed for the elderly

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.74-85
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• 2013

We analyze the efficiency of congestion pricings and transit subsidies in the spatial micro-economic model based on a general equilibrium environment. In this setting, we decompose the total welfare change into component factors and identify the reason of the change in the efficiency caused by policy instruments; these component factors are divided into indirect factors and direct factors including of origin-destination and mode choices. We set up the model as adding mode choice to the standard format in the fashion of Anas and Kim (1996) and extend the methodology proposed by Yu and Rhee (2011) and Rhee (2012) for deriving theoretical and analytical solution. Most of welfare gain comes from the modal shift from car to bus. The relative efficiency of subsidies in relation to the first-best pricing is lower than it of congestion pricings although the change in bus share by subsidies is similar to it by congestion pricing. Subsidies give rise to more modal shift from a car to a bus for long-distance commuting than it caused by congestion pricings. As the increase of bus share for long-distance commuting leads to the increase of cross-commuters passing through CBD, the welfare gain by subsidies is lower than it by congestion pricings.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.313-326
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• 2008

This paper is concerned with the effect of an increase in the import price of LNG on the Korean economy and industries. A computable general equilibrium analysis is applied to compute the comparative-statical effect of 10% rise of LNG price. The price increase places relatively heavy burden on the city gas, oil products and thermal power, decreasing their outputs and domestic sales by relatively larger percentages than other industries. The 10% increase in the LNG price reduces GDP by 0.4% and raises the general price level by 0.08%. The increase in oil price resulting in the same decreasing rate of GDP caused by the 10% LNG price rise turns out to raise the general price level and reduce the consumer's welfare in terms of equivalent variation by less percentage than the increase in LNG price.

• Economic Analysis
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.33-60
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• 2021

This study estimates the fiscal multiplier using Input-Output table panel data from year of 2010 to 2018. Considering the endogeneity of the government expenditure, this study uses the share of government expenditure by sector in the initial period as an instrument variable. The estimation from the panel fixed effect instrumental variables model shows that the estimate for the current period of government expenditure is 1.15~1.22 and the estimate for the cumulative multiplier is 1.23~1.32 depending on the method of controlling time trend. Since the general equilibrium effect absorbed by the time-fixed effect in the estimation equation, the estimated multiplier in this study may be different from the multiplier of the economy as a whole. The general equilibrium effect depends on the response of monetary policy, changes in tax policy, and interaction between sectors.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.41-65
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• 2009

This study based on international input-output model shows various static analyses of the effects by estimating the intermediary goods' trade volume that affects the industrial production. When concluding tariff removal between Korea and Japan, as intermediary goods import increases, Korea's trade balance deficit with Japan is expected to grow more than before. However, Korea's increase in export to the world is the largest benefit Korea can earn from tariff removal between the two countries.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.169-205
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• 2021

This study quantitatively analyzes the impact of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reduction policies on the global economy. To this end, we develop a multi-national and multi-industry static computational general equilibrium model that includes three components-GHG emissions from production, disutility due to GHG emissions, and governments' GHG emissions reduction policies. Then we calibrate the model with the relevant data and solve for the equlibrium using the most recent methodology (exact hat algebra). We find that the strengthening of unilateral GHG emissions reduction policies for each country reduces carbon emissions from domestic producers, but does not necessarily reduce global carbon emissions as production is relocated to other countries. On the other hand, we can reduce GHG emissions when all major countries simultaneously implement the strengthened reduction policies proposed by the OECD (2016). Our results imply that aligned reduction efforts of major countries are necessary to reduce global GHG emissions.