• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2000.10a
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• pp.755-758
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• 2000

시각 언어는 인간-컴퓨터 사이의 인터랙션 수단이다. 올바른 인터랙션을 위하여 저작된 컨텐츠와 재생되는 씬의 시맨틱이 인간과 컴퓨터는 물론 인간과 인간 사이에서 일관성과 신뢰성을 가져야 한다. 본 논문에서는 인터랙션의 일관성과 신뢰성을 위한 시각 언어의 시각문장 집합을 정의하고 형식화한다. 이러한 형식화는 시각 언어의 시각적 저작 내용의 모호성을 제거하여 공동 참여자의 신뢰성을 높인다. 또한 형식 정의에 대하여 저작 컨텐츠와 재생 씬의 동일성을 그래프로 증명한다. 이러한 형식 정의를 MPEG-4 컨텐츠 저작 도구에 적응한다. 즉. 각 객체 사이의 시간관계 정의에 따라 저작하며, 사용자 인터랙션에 따른 씬의 속성의 변화를 효율적으로 지원한다. 저작된 컨텐츠는 씬의 속성 정보에 따라 객체 사이의 동기화를 유지하면서 재생한다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2001.04a
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• pp.131-134
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• 2001

VRML(Virtual Reality Modeling Language)은 비/반몰입형 가상현실을 구축하기 위하여 널리 사용되는 언어이다. 그러나 이 언어는 키보드와 마우스 위주의 단순한 형태의 사용자 인터랙션만을 제공하기 때문에 다양하고 현실감 있는 가상환경을 구축하기엔 많은 제약이 따른다. 특히, 운전 시뮬레이션과 같이 확장된 사용자 인터랙션을 필요로 하는 가상 환경을 구축하기 위해서는 핸들/패달 장치를 이용할 수 있도록 하여 사용자에게 실제 상황과 흡사한 환경을 제공할 수 있어야 한다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 사용자 인터랙션을 확장하여 핸들/패달 장치를 이용할 수 있는 VRML 기반 운전 시뮬레이션을 구현하였다.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 2020.10a
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• pp.481-485
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• 2020

AI와 사용자간의 대화를 통해 사용자의 요구사항을 파악하고, 해당 요구사항에 적합한 상품을 추천하는 형상을 인터랙션 기반 추천 시스템의 한 예로 볼 수 있다. 우리는 해당 시스템 개발을 위하여 의상 코디셋 추천을 위한 대화 기반 데이터셋을 구축하였다. 데이터셋은 대화와 의상 추천 절차를 반복하여 사용자가 원하는 의상셋을 찾아가는 내용으로 구성된다. 그리고, AI의 코디셋 추천 기술 검증을 위해 두가지 의상 추천 평가셋을 제안한다. 본 논문은 대화 데이터셋 및 관련 평가셋의 개발 절차 및 구성에 대하여 기술하고, 관련된 실험 결과 일부를 보여준다.

• Archives of design research
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.131-140
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• 2003

The input for computer interaction design is very limited for the users to control the interface by only using keyboard and mouse. However, using the basic electrical engineering, the input design can be different from the existing method. Interactive art using computer technology is recently emersed, which is completed by people's participation. The electric signal transmitted in digital and analogue type from the interface controled by people to the computer can be used in multimedia interaction design. The electric circuit design will be necessary to transmit very safe electric signal from the interface. Electric switch, sensor, and camera technologies can be applied to input interface design, which would be alternative physical interaction without computer keyboard and mouse. This type of interaction design using human's body language and gesture would convey the richness of humanity.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.61-70
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• 2014

Verbal communication has limits in the interaction between robot and man, and therefore nonverbal communication is required for realizing smoother and more efficient communication and even the emotional expression of the robot. This study derived 7 pieces of nonverbal information based on shopping behavior using the robot designed to support shopping, selected facial expression as the element of the nonverbal information derived, and coded face components through 2D analysis. Also, this study analyzed the significance of the expression of nonverbal information using 3D animation that combines the codes of face components. The analysis showed that the proposed expression method for nonverbal information manifested high level of significance, suggesting the potential of this study as the base line data for the research on nonverbal information. However, the case of 'embarrassment' showed limits in applying the coded face components to shape and requires more systematic studies.

• Proceedings of the Korea Multimedia Society Conference
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• 1998.10a
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• pp.401-406
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• 1998

본 연구에서는 SGML 문서의 포맷팅과 변환을 지원하는 DSSSL 처리기를 개발하였다. 본 논문에서는 DSSL의 문서 처리 과정과 이를 지원하는 처리기의 개발 방법을 소개한다. 또한 개발 결과를 다양한 문서처리 환경에 적용하여 DSSL의 우수성과 개선이 요구되는 부분에 대하여 기술한다. 그 결과 DSSL은 구조 기반 검색을 지원하는 질의 언어와 다양한 연산기능을 지원하는 수식 언어에 기반하기 때문에 강력한 포맷팅과 변환기능을 제공한다. 그러나 처리 방식의 특성상, DSSL은 사용자 인터랙션이 많으며 위지윅한 문서 환경보다는 일괄처리 방식의 문서 처리 분야에 더 적합하다.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.35-46
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• 2019

Artificial intelligence (AI) technology has been evolving to recognize and learn the languages, voice tones, and facial expressions of users so that they can respond to users' emotions in various contexts. Many AI-based services of particular importance in communications with users provide emotional interaction. However, research on nonverbal interaction as a means of expressing emotion in the AI system is still insufficient. We studied the effect of lighting on users' emotional interaction with an AI device, focusing on color and flickering motion. The AI device used in this study expresses emotions with six colors of light (red, yellow, green, blue, purple, and white) and with a three-level flickering effect (high, middle, and low velocity). We studied the responses of 50 men and women in their 20s and 30s to the emotions expressed by the light colors and flickering effects of the AI device. We found that each light color represented an emotion that was largely similar to the user's emotional image shown in a previous color-sensibility study. The rate of flickering of the lights produced changes in emotional arousal and balance. The change in arousal patterns produced similar intensities of all colors. On the other hand, changes in balance patterns were somewhat related to the emotional image in the previous color-sensibility study, but the colors were different. As AI systems and devices are becoming more diverse, our findings are expected to contribute to designing the users emotional with AI devices through lighting.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.14B no.5
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• pp.343-350
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• 2007

Virtual environment is an interactive multimedia space that allows users to experience realistic sensory feedbacks and interactions as they do in real world. There have been some work on the development of two-dimensional user interface for supporting interactions in a virtual environment. However, most of them were designed for specific virtual environments and hence could not be easily deployed to other virtual worlds. To address this problem, some frameworks were developed for building two-dimensional user interfaces for virtual environment, but they had limitations in usability or flexibility. In this paper, we present the HIVE framework, which is designed to help ease the development of two-dimensional user interface for the virtual environment while satisfying the requirements of both usability and flexibility. The HIVE framework utilizes XML and scripting capability, dynamic module loading, XML and script language for usability. It provides module reading, configuration, and event processing mechanism for flexibility. This paper first explains the HIVE framework and describes the applications developed for some virtual environments followed by discussing the future research directions.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.8
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• pp.1-8
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• 2015

Arduino is an open-source prototyping platform. It has been used in diverse areas including media-art, simulation and interaction devices. The Arduino application does not provide an effective form of software design specification, since it is basically developed in C Programming language. In this paper, we propose a design method for the Arduino applications using the extension mechanism of the UML(Unified Modeling Language). The proposed method is enable to specify the main function of Arduino applications like digital I/O and analog I/O in UML notations.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.7
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• pp.181-192
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• 2015

Nonverbal immediacy plays a key role in interpersonal communication, inducing closeness and another interaction. This case study investigates the nonverbal behaviors in Human-Robot Interaction(HRI) focusing on immediacy, and how they affect perception of a robot. The results show that nonverbal immediacy, such as nodding and leaning forward, affect perceived interactivity. Nonverbal immediacy can be interpreted their meaning clearly when verbal feedback or other communication channel reinforcing them. Also, touch is found to affect come up with similar ones to the robot, because it is associated with concrete and discrete context. People tend to apply social rules to the robot, but they are more open to the unfamiliar robot compared to strangers. The findings in this study provide future HRI studies with heuristic implications by showing a direction and clarifying principles for composition of verbal and nonverbal expression.