• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.58 no.3
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• pp.325-345
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• 2020

Determination of Best available technology (BAT) was suggested to reduce volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in a petrochemical industrial complex, by conducting human health risk, environmental, and economic assessment based on multimedia fugacity model. Fate and distribution of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) was predicted by the multimedia fugacity model, which represent VOCs emitted from the industrial complex in U-city. Media-integrated human health risk assessment and sensitivity analysis were conducted to predict the human health risk of BTEX and identify the critical variable which has adverse effects on human health. Besides, the environmental and economic assessment was conducted to determine the BAT for VOCs reduction. It is concluded that BTEX highly remained in soil media (60%, 61%, 64% and 63%), and xylene has remained as the highest proportion of BTEX in each environment media. From the candidates of BAT, the absorption was excluded due to its high human health risk. Moreover, it is identified that the half-life and exposure coefficient of each exposure route are highly correlated with human health risk by sensitivity analysis. In last, considering environmental and economic assessment, the regenerative thermal oxidation, the regenerative catalytic oxidation, the bio-filtration, the UV oxidation, and the activated carbon adsorption were determined as BAT for reducing VOCs in the petrochemical industrial complex. The suggested BAT determination methodology based on the media-integrated approach can contribute to the application of BAT into the workplace to efficiently manage the discharge facilities and operate an integrated environmental management system.

• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.403-404
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• 2002

미국 환경보호청이나 세계보건기구를 포함한 유럽 등의 환경관리 기관에서는 1980년대 이후부터, 환경오염물질로 인한 인체 피해 정도를 위해도라는 확률의 개념을 도입하여 표현하고, 그 결과를 이용하여 오염물질 관리를 위한 기준치 등을 설정해 오고 있다(EPA, 1993). 국내에서도 이와 같은 위해성평가 연구가 10여년 이상 진행되어 왔고, 최근에는 환경오염물질의 위해성 평가나 관리정책의 중요성을 공히 인식하면서 이들 개념이나 연구결과들이 적절히 활용되고 있다. (중략)

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.319-326
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• 1999

Recently, it is continuously rising to concern about the health risk being induced by microorganisms in food such as Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Listeria monocytogenes. Various organizations and regulatory agencies including U.S.FPA, U.S.DA and FAO/WHO are preparing the methodology building to apply microbial quantitative risk assessment to risk-based food safety program. Microbial risks are primarily the result of single exposure and its health impacts are immediate and serious. Therefore, the methodology of risk assessment differs from that of chemical risk assessment. Microbial quantitative risk assessment consists of tow steps; hazard identification, exposure assessment, dose-response assessment and risk characterization. Hazard identification is accomplished by observing and defining the types of adverse health effects in humans associated with exposure to foodborne agents. Epidemiological evidence which links the various disease with the particular exposure route is an important component of this identification. Exposure assessment includes the quantification of microbial exposure regarding the dynamics of microbial growth in food processing, transport, packaging and specific time-temperature conditions at various points from animal production to consumption. Dose-response assessment is the process characterizing dose-response correlation between microbial exposure and disease incidence. Unlike chemical carcinogens, the dose-response assessment for microbial pathogens has not focused on animal models for extrapolation to humans. Risk characterization links the exposure assessment and dose-response assessment and involve uncertainty analysis. The methodology of microbial dose-response assessment is classified as nonthreshold and thresh-old approach. The nonthreshold model have assumption that one organism is capable of producing an infection if it arrives at an appropriate site and organism have independence. Recently, the Exponential, Beta-poission, Gompertz, and Gamma-weibull models are using as nonthreshold model. The Log-normal and Log-logistic models are using as threshold model. The threshold has the assumption that a toxicant is produce by interaction of organisms. In this study, it was reviewed detailed process including risk value using model parameter and microbial exposure dose. Also this study suggested model application methodology in field of exposure assessment using assumed food microbial data(NaCl, water activity, temperature, pH, etc.) and the commercially used Food MicroModel. We recognized that human volunteer data to the healthy man are preferred rather than epidemiological data fur obtaining exact dose-response data. But, the foreign agencies are studying the characterization of correlation between human and animal. For the comparison of differences to the population sensitivity: it must be executed domestic study such as the establishment of dose-response data to the Korean volunteer by each microbial and microbial exposure assessment in food.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2002.09a
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• pp.370-373
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• 2002

위해성 평가(Risk assessment)는 지하수나 토양의 오염으로 인해 자연 환경과 사람에게 미칠수 있는 위해(risk)를 정량적으로 평가하는 방법이다. 이 평가를 바탕으로 대상지역의 오염도 저감 여부 및 목표를 설정할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 유류로 오염된 부지를 대상으로 측정된 TPH(Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon)값에 근거하여 인체에 미칠 수 있는 위해((Risk)에 대한 정량적인 평가와 동시에 오염된 토양 및 지하수의 정화기준을 산정 하고자하였다. 그 결과 유류로 오염된 00지구에 대한 정화기술적용시의 최소성분감소비(CRF)를 산출하여 정화의 정도치와 정화목표농도를 산출하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Industrial Safety Conference
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• 1999.06a
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• pp.271-276
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• 1999

미국을 비롯한 선진국들은 이미 휘발성 유기화합물(volatile organic compounds) 과 독성 중금속(toxic metals)을 비롯한 유해 대기오염물(hazardous air pollutants)에 대해 ATEOS (Airborne Toxic Element and Organic Species), TEAM(Total Exposure Assessment Measurement) 연구등의 대규모 연구를 통하여 인체에 미치는 영향이 가장 큰 물질군이 휘발성 유기화합물임을 밝혀낸 바 있다. (중략)

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.34-42
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• 2008

Water quality standards (WQS) are mandatory to guarantee the human health and protection of aquatic ecosystems, and maintain the condition of suitable water quality. The present WQS for the protection of human health in Korea contain nine substances (As, Cd, $Cr^{6+}$, CN, Pb, Hg, ABS, organophosphorus compounds and PCBs), but it is insufficient to preserve the human and aquatic ecosystem from a variety of chemicals. Therefore, it is necessary to expand the substance of WQS for the protection of human health. In this study, we chose the 20 chemicals from 43 chemicals of the project entitled 'Development of Integrated Methodology for Evaluation of Water Environment'. The methodology for calculating water quality criteria was amended from the US Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA)'s equation for deriving ambient water quality criteria for the protection of human health. The factors including fish intake, drinking water intake, and human body weight used in the equation reflected Korean situations. The monitoring values were derived from the water quality monitoring data in Korean four main rivers. The orders of priorities of chemicals were evaluated by human health risk assessment, and the proposed WQS was derived by technical and economic analyses. These results were reflected to expand the WQS for the protection of human health.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.64-72
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• 2007

Humans are exposed by a range of pollutants in soil via exposure routes such as ingestion, inhalation, and dermal contact. Risk assessment is a process of evaluating the adverse health effects of chemicals as a result of exposure to stressors, and it is a very useful tool to establish the cleanup goals in contaminated lands. In the exposure assessment that is one of main process in risk assessment, exposure factor plays a significant role to quantify the intake of soil pollutants. However there is a very limited study about the exposure factor applicable to Korea. In this study, we compared the exposure factors applied by the developed countries including the United States and representative European countries, and suggested the exposure factor that might be suitable in our situation. The exposure factors considered in this study include average lifetime, body weight, (exposed) skin surface area, life time, skin absorption, soil-skin adherence factor, and soil ingestion rate. This information is needed to quantitatively estimate the intake of soil pollutants in contaminated lands.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 1998.04a
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• pp.25-29
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• 1998

제품이나 환경에 대한 인간의 반응은 생리적 변화로 나타나기도 하지만, 동작 반응(motor-response)으로 나타나기도 한다. 특히 제품으 감성적 설계를 위해서는 가장 기본적으로 이를 조작하는 인체의 자세와 동작에 대한 분석을 필요로 한다. 본 연구는 이를 위해 3차원 동작측정시스템과 힘판(forceplatform)에서 얻어진 원시 데이터로부터 인체의 자세와 동작을 평가하는 소프트웨어를 개발하는 것을 목표로 하였다. 개발된 소프트웨어는 누락 (mission)된 데이터의 보간(interpolation), 동작 애니메이션, 관절의 각도계산, 관절에서의 모멘트(momint)계산 기능등을 포함하고 있다. 본 논문은 진공청소기를 사용하는 동작을 기준으로, 이러한 S/W 개발 과정에 사용한 인체 모델과 각 관절의 모멘트 계산 방법에 대해 주로 기술 하였다. 3차원 동작측정시스템과 본 소프트웨어를 이용하면, 진공청소기, 냉장고 등의 제품을 사용할 때의 사용자의 작업 자세와 부하 평가가 가능해져 감성공학적 제품 개발에 활용할 수 있을 것이다.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.397-408
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• 2013

According to increase of concerning in health and entry of aging society, sensor-based smart clothing has developed various type and applications. Sensor-based smart clothing should be designed with considering of the interaction between a human body-device-clothing, such as accuracy of signal, wearability, suitability and the configuration of the sensor and so on. In this respect, these characteristics distinguish sensor-based smart clothing process from clothing process and Sensor-based smart clothing process is expected to be needing requirements Specification for development purpose and interoperability assessment based on requirements engineering. In this study, to assess efficiency of process based on requirement engineering, the sensor-based smart clothing process was deducted in two types by analysis of empirical performance. Presented two process were empirically evaluated through qualitative and quantitative evaluation. As a result, design process II based on requiments engineering were confirmed more effective process than processI.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.269-276
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• 1992

Typical lebvels of heavy metal exposure for humans may be attributed to four components in the environment ; food, inhaled air, various types of dust, and drinking water. To assess the health risk of lead, it is necessary to estimate the blood lead levels in the populations of concern under various air lead concentrations. The blood lead levels of the population in Seoul and Yeoju are estimated by Biokinetic model for the risk assessment in this study. The differences in blood lead levels between areas of different land use are not dominant but some differences show among different age groups and sex. Blood lead levels of the population show log normal distribution. The geometric standard deviation values of blood lead levels are in the range of 1.25 ~ 1.39, it is somewhat smaller than the values in the general U.S pollution which are determined to be from 1.31 to 1.41 by the U.S. EPA.