• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.290-299
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to testify the pattern making method to develop the men's basic bodice pattern using 3-dimensional body scan data. The experimental patterns were made by adding wearing ease on flattened body scan data and tracing the outlines of it. The experimental bodice pattern were composed of front, back, and side panels. To compare the difference between the experimental pattern and traditional pattern, two pattern making methods were compared. Two sets of basic bodice patterns were made for each of the 10 male subjects: a set of pattern was made by experimental method and the other set was made by Bunka pattern making method. The experimental and traditional patterns were measured at 13 dimensions. The results show that there was a difference between the experimental patterns and traditional patterns at the front length, back length, front width, front neck width, back neck width, and back neck depth. The fit was also compared for both patterns. The results of the fit test show that the experimental patterns were superior to the traditional patterns at the fit of neck, shoulder, and armhole. The experimental pattern making method was expected to be useful for mass customization.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.709-717
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• 2002

In the apparel industry, the technology has been advanced rapidly. The use of 3D scanning systems fur the capture and measurement of human body is becoming common place. Three dimensional digital image can be used for design, inspection, reproduction of physical objects. The purpose of this study is to develop a method that drafts men's basic bodice pattern from scanned 3D body surface shape data. In order to pursue this purpose the researchers developed pattern drafting algorithm. The 3D scanner used in this study was Cyberware Whole Body Scanner WB-4. The bodice pattern drafting algorithm from 3D body surface shape data developed in this study is as follows. First, convert geometric 3D body surface data to 3D polygonal mesh data. Second, develop algorithm to lay out 3D polygonal patches onto a plane using Auto Lisp program. The polygon meshes are coplanar, and the individual mesh is continuously in contact with next one The bodice front surface shape data in polygonal patches form was lined up in bust and waist levels. The back bodice was drafted by lining up the polygonal mesh in scapula, chest, and waist levels. in the drafts, gaps between polygons were formed into the darts.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.15 no.7
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• pp.941-950
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• 2012

A virtual garment fitting system which fits the top and bottom of a garment on 3D body data is introduced. This system uses the laser scanned 3D body data and the digital images photographed the front and back of a garment. The digital images are modeled to reflect tensions among particles in the images and the friction and gravity effects are considered in the fitting process to the body data. When a bottom is fitted, a virtual belt to hold the bottom in the waist is introduced since gravity effects pull down it. Also the process for fitting the top and bottom on layers is proposed here. The system has the strengths that it uses only the front and back image of a garment instead of using complicated patterns of a garment, and provides a realistic fit result as a 3D figure. As on-line retailing shop in present displays front and back images of garments, this system also does. However this system provides a differentiated service to user than present retailing shop as showing a 3D fit image. It will make a new trend in online shop retailing of garment.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.46 no.9
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• pp.137-146
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• 2008

This study was conducted in order to spread out lower body 3D scan data of men in their twenties. The aim was to achieve slacks pattern with ease allowance through comparison with existing flat patterns. For conversion of 3D scan data into 20 pattern, reference lines were established by using Rapid Foam in 3D shape analysis software. 2C-AN program and Yuka CAD were used to convert 20 pattern earned with straight posture of 3D scan data into slacks pattern by using Triangle Simplification & Runge-Kutta Method. In order to achieve this we needed to set a line 9cm below the hip line, to array vertex of each block to crease line while maintaining the horizontal line. And then we needed to set ease allowance in back crotch and to set waist circumference or hip circumference ease allowance in side seam of slacks. Results showed that long front crotch length can be achieved if 3D scan data is compared with 20 existing flat pattern. Slacks pattern that raise front crotch by about 1.5cm compared to back crotch and also possess ease allowance in back crotch area are great in appearance evaluation.

• 한국생활과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.157-158
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• 2009

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.81-96
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to provide fundamental information for standardization of 3D body measurement. This research analyzes errors occurring in the process of extracting body size from 3D body scan data. First, as a result of analyzing basic state of the 3D body scanner's calibration, the point number of each section was almost the same, while the right and left as well as the front and back coordinates of the center of gravity are not, showing unstable data. Nevertheless, the latter does not influence on the size of cylinder such as width and circumference. Next, we analyzed point coordinates variations of scan data on a mannequin nude by life casting. The result was great deflection in case of complicated or horizontal sections including the reference point beyond proper distance from centers of four cameras. In case of the mannequin's size, accuracy proves comparatively high in that measurement errors in height, width, depth, and length dimension occurred all within allowable errors, only except chest depth, while there were a lot of measurement errors in a circumference dimension. Secondly, analysis of accuracy of automatic extraction identification program algorithm presented that a semi-automatic measurement program is better than an automatic measurement program. While both of them ate very acute in parts related to crotch, they are not in armpit related parts. Therefore, in extracting of human body size from 3D scan data, what really matters seems to parts related to armpits.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.481-490
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• 2006

Adjusting pressure level in the construction of athletes' tight-fitting garments by reducing the elastic knit pattern is a challenging subject, which influences the performance of the wearer directly. Therefore, in this study, relationship between the reduction rates of the basic pattern obtained from 3D human scan data and resultant clothing pressure was explored to improve the fit and pressure exerted by clothing. 3D scan data were obtained using Cyberware and they were transformed into a flat pattern using software based on Runge-Kutta method. Reduction rate was examined by subjective wear test as well as objective pressure measurement. As a result, difference in the length between the original 3D body scan data and the 2D tight-fitting pattern was 0.02$\sim$0.50cm (0.05$\sim$1.06%), which was within the range of tolerable limits in making clothes. Among the five garments, the 3T-pattern was superior in terms of subjective sensation and fit. The pressure of the 3T pattern was 2$\sim$4 gf/cm2 at five locations on the body, which is almost the same or a bit higher than that of Z-pattern. In the case of tight-fitting overall garment, the reduction rate of the pattern in the wale direction is more critical to the subjective sensation than the course direction. It is recommended that the reduction grading rules of course direction should be larger than that of Ziegert for a better fit of tight-fitting garments. In the case of wale direction, however, reduction grading rule should be kept the same as suggested earlier by Ziegert (1988).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.572-583
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• 2014

This study analyzes the foot shape of female high school students using 3D foot scan data based on a comparison with adult women (20s'-30s'). Data were collected from the foot anthropometry of 199 female high school students in Gwangju and Jeollanam-do. The right foot was measured indirectly by 3D laser scanner. There are 16 items in the foot anthropometric measurements. The $6^{th}$ Size Korea (measured by 3D scan data) is used for women's foot data. The results of the 3D measurements data investigation show that the foot length and foot width became longer and wider as the age increased. It is classified by three types after analyzing foot shape. Type 1 (28.1%) represented the shortest foot length, the narrowest foot width as well as the thick foot and long ankle shape. Type 2 (4.3%) represented the wide foot width such as the wide lateral ball width and semi-thickness shape. Type 3 (67.7%) referred to the widest foot width, flat foot and short ankle shape.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.58 no.4
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• pp.282-289
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• 2020

Purpose: The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the accuracy of three different intraoral scanners (IOSs) on digital impressions of different types of endocrown cavity preparations. Materials and methods: Two human mandibular molar teeth were prepared with different endocrown abutment designs: one with a buccal wall (Class 2) and the other without a buccal wall (Class 3). Both cavity designs were scanned using a reference desktop scanner (E3) and three different intraoral scanners: Trios3 (TRI group), Cerec Omnicam (CER group), and i500 (I5 group). The obtained Standard Tessellation Language (.stl) datasets were exported to metrology software. The precision was evaluated based on deviations among repeated scan models recorded by each IOS. The trueness was evaluated based on deviations between the reference data and repeated scans. For detecting interaction, data were statistically analyzed using a univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) and for analyzing the comparison of the test groups data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey test at the significance level of .05. Results: The deviation values for both cavity designs in the I5 group were significantly lower than those in the other IOS groups in terms of trueness. For both cavity designs, the TRI group exhibited better precision than the other IOS groups. Conclusion: Different technologies of IOS device's and different endocrown prepration designs affected the accuracy of the digital scans.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.239-242
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• 2009

최근 3 차원 측정 기술을 활용한 운동 기능성의 향상을 위한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 그 예로 3 차원 인체 정보를 이용한 의복패턴 제작 시에 필요한 절개선으로 피부상에서 동작 시 늘어나지 않는 선(Lines of Non-Extension, LoNE)을 찾아내어 활용한 연구가 발표된 바 있다. 이러한 LoNE 은 기존 의복구성을 위한 봉제선이나 기능선으로 활용될 때 동작기능성을 저해하지 않는 특징이 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 스포츠웨어에서 활동성이 큰 상체의 어깨부위에서 Lines of Non-Extension 을 탐색하고자 하였다. 연구 방법으로는 20 대 후반 남성 2 명을 대상으로 체표의 등 부분에서 3cm 간격으로 계측점을 표시한 후 3D 인체 데이터 (Cyberware, WB)를 획득하였다. 측정시의 자세는 팔을 $30^{\circ}$, $90^{\circ}$, $135^{\circ}$, $180^{\circ}$ 외전시켰다. 피부 표면에서의 길이 변화는 구획의 크기를 달리하면서 가로, 세로, 사선방향으로 동작에 따라서 측정하였다. 변화량은 정자세($30^{\circ}$)를 기준으로 A 라 하였을 때, 기준자세와의 차이가 가장 큰 변화량을 보인 자세를 B 라 하고 A 와 B 간의 차이로 계산하였다. 연구결과, NASA 의 Biosuit 에서 소개된 Iberall(1970)의 LoNE 중 진동둘레를 포함한 팔 부위와 등, 어깨 부위에서 유사한 라인을 찾았다. 본 연구에서와 같이 구획별 사선방향 피부 변화량을 측정하는 것은 피부면에 숨겨진 인간공학적 의복 기능선을 탐색하는 데 효과적임을 확인하였다.