• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.27-42
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• 2017

Stroop effect(Stroop, 1935) is a reliable paradigm which has been used in various psychological research. Although classic Stroop experiment used color and color name for experimental stimuli, subsequent research reported that a color(e.g. green) and an object(e.g. grass) which displays a typical color show similar effects depending on color-object congruency(Klein, 1964). Because past research that used Stroop effect to investigate semantic representation tested association between concrete object and color, they predominantly used concrete nouns and their corresponding color names as stimuli(e.g. Dalrymple-Alford, 1968, 1972; Klein, 1964). Recently, Sherman and Clore(2009) reported that response time to white or black words is affected by moral value of words (e.g., honesty, crime) even when the words do not have specific referents. Based on this result, we tested association between thermesthesia-related adjectives(e.g., 따스한, 냉정한) and color(warm color, cold color) using Stroop task. The results showed that subjects were faster in their response to color when adjective-color was congruent than when incongruent, and there was an interaction between color and meaning of adjectives. The Stroop effect in this research is unique because, contrary to previous research that used concrete nouns, the effect was obtained even with abstract adjectives which do not have specific referents. In addition, unlike Sherman and Clore(2009) that used achromatic color, our results show that Stroop effect obtains between abstract adjectives and chromatic color.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.439-479
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• 2009

This paper examines the aspects of the inferences between the dimensional terms in Korean, and attempts to give an account of the inference patterns based on the interaction of gestalt and position properties of spatial objects. Following Lang (1987) and Lang, Carstensen & Simmons (1991), we advance the idea that the inferences are possible for the same axis of a spatial object, if some contextually induced positional specifications are reversed to the inherent proportion schema. Two simple inference rules are proposed and justified. They are applied under the assumption that the inferences of the dimensional terms are drawn in a unidirectional way, i.e, from the Primary Perceptional Space to the Inherent Proportional Schema.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.23-36
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• 2003

A comprehension-based approach to learning assumes that incoming information and background knowledge are integrated to form a mental representation which is subsequently used to incorporate new knowledge. It is demonstrated that this approach can be validated by comparing human and computational model performance in the prompt learning context. A computational model (ADAPT-UNIX) based on the construction-integration theory of comprehension (Kintsch, 1988; 1998) predicted how users learn from help prompts which are designed to assist UNIX composite command production. In addition, the comparison also revealed high similarity in composite production task performance between model and human. Educational implications of present research are discussed on the basis of the fact that prompt instructions have differential effect on learning and application as background knowledge varies.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.323-348
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• 2012

Three experiments were conducted to explore the interaction of personal pronoun (e.g. 'I' and 'you') and emotional evaluation (e.g. positive and negative) using time-course (e.g. SOA 500-1000ms) and multi-task approaches (e.g. lexical decision task and primed naming task). In Experiment 1, Participants were presented personal pronoun as primes at SOA 1000ms and were asked to response emotional words which were differed in emotional attributes. The results showed that the interaction effects of personal pronoun and emotional words were found. In Experiment 2, Participants were presented personal pronoun as primes at SOA 1000ms and were asked to response emotional words which were differed in emotional attributes. The results showed that no effects were found. In Experiment 3, Participants were presented personal pronoun as primes at SOA 500ms and were asked to pronounce emotional words which were differed in emotional attributes. The results showed that the interaction of personal pronoun and emotional words were found. The results of 3 experiments were discussed from a point of view of dynamic processes of social cognition.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.205-220
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• 1990

Material substance may exist in two different modes of reality:real as physcal objects that comprise material cause and formal cause, and real as function networks that comprise efficient cause and functional cause.Functional networks are real as a mode of material substance because their efficient cause is energy consuming.Neural functional network, in this sense, are different from neural networks.In the same way, mental functional networks are real, for they are energy consuming and they function as a network.Mental functional networks, in turn, may divide into non-lingustic functional networks and linguistic functional networks.And further distinctions among the different levels of mental functional networks will be specified, and hence their reality confirmed more specifically as the research in cognitive science advances.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.221-259
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• 1990

Four experiments explored how the size ratio of two letter patterns affects jundgment times in a same-different matching task.Size, continuity of strokes,positions of the two vowel letters were systematically varied in order to test predictions,derved from the following hypotheses:Analogue transformation,position,use of diagnostic information,and decision sriteria.Size ratio influenced only reaction times for same responses and,more importantly,changes in the length of a horizintal line in a letter affected same responses more than the other feature.Taken together,the present experiments provide support for the diagnostic information hypothesis, while casting in doubt the other hypotheses on the nature of size transformations.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.33-42
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• 2003

This paper presents a new system for facial expression recognition based in dimension model of internal states. The information of facial expression are extracted to the three steps. In the first step, Gabor wavelet representation extracts the edges of face components. In the second step, sparse features of facial expressions are extracted using fuzzy C-means(FCM) clustering algorithm on neutral faces, and in the third step, are extracted using the Dynamic Model(DM) on the expression images. Finally, we show the recognition of facial expression based on the dimension model of internal states using a multi-layer perceptron. The two dimensional structure of emotion shows that it is possible to recognize not only facial expressions related to basic emotions but also expressions of various emotion.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.53-63
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• 2003

We analyzed the relationships between facial impressions and physical features, and investigated the effects of impressions on facial similarity judgments. Using 79 faces extracted from a face database, we collected the ratings of impressions along four dimensions -mild-fierce, bright-dull, feminine-manly and youthful-mature- and the measures of 41 physical features. Multiple Regression Analyses showed that the ratings of impressions and the measures of features are closely connected with each other. Our experiments using facial similarity judgments confirmed the possibility that facial impressions are used in processing of facial information. We found that people tend to perceive faces as similar when they have the same impressions rather than neutral ones, although all of them are alike physically. These results imply that facial impressions are used as a psychological structure representing facial appearance, and that facial processing includes impression information.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.48 no.10
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• pp.25-35
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• 2010

This study examined the potential mediating mechanisms underlying the association between peer victimization and school adjustment. 521 children in the fifth and sixth grades were recruited from primary schools in Korea. Peer nomination and self-reports were used to measure peer victimization, cognitive representations, and school avoidance. Academic achievement records were obtained from official school records. The findings indicated that peer victimization contributed to school avoidance and academic achievement by different pathways. The association between peer victimization and school avoidance was indirectly mediated by perceptions of the self and peers. In contrast, peer victimization was directly associated with academic achievement.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.11 no.3_4
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• pp.57-72
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• 2000

A Korean standardized set of pictures has been called for as more and more studies utilized picture stimuli among memory and representation research. This article presents a Korean standardized set of pictures for studies probing the cognitive mechanisms that underlie picture and word processing or studies that simply utilize pictures stimuli. This norm provides 213 pictures, data on several variables such as name agreement, appropriateness of pictures. and familiarity. Previous data on such variables as frequency. category. and frequency within a category have been integrated 1 into this norm. Limitation, usage. and application of this set are discussed in terms of 1 implicit and explicit memory, and those variables mentioned previously.