• Title/Summary/Keyword: 인지패러다임

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Christian Education for Sustainability (지속가능성을 위한 기독교교육)

  • Yoo, Eunju
    • Journal of Christian Education in Korea
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    • v.72
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    • pp.293-316
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    • 2022
  • This paper argues that Christian education for sustainability should be a spiritual education that fosters the spirituality of contentment, poverty, sharing, and justice through a critical review of the concept of "Sustainable Development" (SD), which emerged to overcome today's climate and ecological crisis. To this end, first of all, the efforts and limitations of international cooperation to overcome the deepening environmental problems will be considered. That is, economic interests have been prior to the environmental issues. When it comes to the 'Green Revolution,' there has been a huge gap between the ideal and the reality, so a sustainable society has become distant. Faced with this situation, Christian theology has been trying to build a new theological paradigm, breaking away from the limits of anthropocentric and afterlife-centered theology based on the dichotomy between the physical and the spiritual. Through such theological reflections, Christian education needs to carry out spiritual education focusing on how to deal with the problem of human greed for the restoration of the created world. In this regard, this paper presents the spirituality of contentment, poverty, sharing, and justice. For developing it, this article suggests deep theological reflection and repentance on human greed, listening to the victim's voice, moderation in consumption, investigation of alternative cases, and decisive action to reveal the truth from the victim's point of view.

The Current State Analysis and Activation Plan on Management of Online Contents Produced in Public Library (공공도서관의 온라인콘텐츠 현황분석 및 관리 활성화 연구)

  • Jaehun Choi;Eunju Shin;Eun-Gyoung Seo
    • Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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    • v.40 no.4
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    • pp.123-145
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    • 2023
  • During the COVID-19 period, public libraries produced and provided a variety of online contents to users as an alternative to offline services. The purpose of this study was to analyze the overall management of online contents in public libraries in the post COVID-19 period and to provide a methodological basis for improving online contents management. This study surveyed the overall current state of online content management in 305 public libraries in terms of production, services, and preservation. We also analyzed the librarian's perception of the online contents management process. As a result of the analysis even after the COVID-19 period, public libraries are efficiently producing and providing online contents and are actively providing this through the library website and social media. In addition, librarians recognized that online contents produced by public libraries are valuable as library resources and predicted that the online content would be produced more in the future. Also, they faced difficulties in production and management due to a lack of professional capabilities and extra workload, but they have recognized the high need for online contents management. Online contents is leading a paradigm shift in public library services. Therefore, attention and effort to activate online content is no longer an option but a necessity.

ERF Components Patterns of Causal Question Generation during Observation of Biological Phenomena : A MEG Study (생명현상 관찰에서 나타나는 인과적 의문 생성의 ERF 특성 : MEG 연구)

  • Kwon, Suk-Won;Kwon, Yong-Ju
    • Journal of Science Education
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    • v.33 no.2
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    • pp.336-345
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    • 2009
  • The purpose of this study is to analysis ERF components patterns of causal questions generated during the observation of biological phenomenon. First, the system that shows pictures causing causal questions based on biological phenomenon (evoked picture system) was developed in a way of cognitive psychology. The ERF patterns of causal questions based on time-series brain processing was observed using MEG. The evoked picture system was developed by R&D method consisting of scientific education experts and researchers. Tasks were classified into animal (A), microbe (M), and plant (P) tasks according to biological species and into interaction (I), all (A), and part (P) based on the interaction between different species. According to the collaboration with MEG team in the hospital of Seoul National University, the paradigm of MEG task was developed. MEG data about the generation of scientific questions in 5 female graduate student were collected. For examining the unique characteristic of causal question, MEG ERF components were analyzed. As a result, total 100 pictures were produced by evoked picture and 4 ERF components, M1(100~130ms), M2(220~280ms), M3(320~390ms), M4(460~520ms). The present study could guide personalized teaching-learning method through the application and development of scientific question learning program.

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'Collective intelligence Structure' Analysis (지식 생산 방식에 따른 집단지성 구조 분석 -네이버 지식IN과 위키피디아를 중심으로-)

  • Han, Chang-Jin
    • 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 2009.02a
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    • pp.1363-1373
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    • 2009
  • 본 연구는 두 집단지성의 가장 대표적인 서비스인 네이버 지식iN과 위키피디아의 구조적, 경험적 차이를 바탕으로 생산의 차원에서 생산 주기, 생산 참여자, 생산물의 모델을 설정하고, 새롭게 탄생하는 지식을 중심으로 검증함으로써 최종 지식 소비 행위를 반영한 각각의 종합모델을 도출하였다. 우리는 웹에서 집단지성의 일상화를 확인할 수 있다. 지식 획득 매체가 매스미디어에서 인터넷으로 변화하는 과정에서 등장한 포털 및 검색사이트는 지식의 생산이 전문가패러다임에서 소비자 중심으로 재편될 수 있는 가능성을 열어주었다. 그리고 이러한 생산 방식의 변화는 '지식'의 개념 역시 변화시키고 있다. 즉, 집단지성이라는 새로운 웹2.0의 현상이 지식생산방식을 변화시키고 변화된 지식생산방식은 '지식'자체를 변화시킨다는 이론적 가설을 도출할 수 있는 것이다. 본 연구는 이러한 새로운 현상들을 분석하기 위해서는 먼저 보다 엄밀하게 집단지성의 개념을 규정할 필요성에 출발하였다. 현재 집단지성이라는 이름으로 불리면서 급격히 성장하고 있는 위키 방식의 인터넷 서비스와 지식검색 방식의 인터넷 서비스를 비교함으로써 보다 정교한 집단지성의 모델을 구축하고자 하였다. 위키형 집단지성과 지식검색형 집단지성의 차이점은 경험적으로도 뚜렷하게 확인할 수 있다. 본 연구는 이러한 경험적 차이와 기존의 문헌에서 밝혀진 사실들을 바탕으로 두 서비스의 지식생산 방식을 생산플로우, 생산참여자 성향, 생산물(지식)의 성향과 같이 세 영역으로 나누어 각각의 가설 모델을 설정하고 이 모델을 선정된 질의어를 바탕으로 검증한 뒤에 최종적인 모델을 도출하는 방식으로 진행되었다. 지식검색형 집단지성은 '질문-답변-채택'의 구조이고, 그 구조 속에서 '질문기-답변기-순서화기'를 거쳐 하나의 지식 덩어리인 'K-let'을 생산한다. 생산된 'K-let'들은 지식검색서비스의 데이터베이스에 축적되고, 이는 공통된 질의어를 기준으로 소비자들에 의해서 검색되어 소비된다. 하나의 질문에 대해 여러 개의 답변들이 존재하고, 답변자의 성향은 크게 전문성과 체계성을 바탕으로 한 전문가형 답변자와 경험적이고 의견지향적인 대화형 답변자로 나눠진다. 다수의 네티즌들의 참여에 의해서 지식의 생산이 진행되므로 질문의 성향 역시 사실, 의견, 경험 등 다양한 스펙트럼을 가지는 모델로 설정하였다. 반면에 위키형 집단지성은 개방형 플랫폼을 바탕으로 한 백과사전의 형식이며, 이러한 형식 속에서 최초의 개념어 등록과 다수의 편집활동을 거치면서 완성되지 않는 하나의 아티클인 'W-let'을 생산한다. 이러한 'W-let'은 생성 초기에 소수에 의한 활발한 내용 입력 활동으로 어느 정도의 안정화를 거친 후에는 꾸준한 다수의 수정활동을 통해서 'W-let'의 생명력을 유지함으로써 지식의 실제적인 변화를 반영한다. 생산된 'W-let'들은 위키형 집단지성 서비스의 데이터베이스에 축적되고, 이것들은 내부링크를 통해서 모두 연결되어 있다. 백과사전 형식으로 하나의 개념어를 설명하는 하나의 아티클은 오로지 사실적인 지식들로만 구성되나 내부링크와 외부링크를 통해서 다양한 스펙트럼을 가지는 모델로 설정하였다. 위와 같이 설정된 모델을 바탕으로 공통된 질의어 및 개념어를 선정하여 각각의 서비스에 노출시켰다. 이를 통해서 얻어진 각 서비스의 데이터베이스에 축적된 모든 데이터들 중에서 일정한 기간을 기준으로 각각의 모델 검증에 필요한 데이터를 추출하여 분석하는 방식으로 진행되었다. 그 결과 지식검색형 집단지성에서는 '질문-답변-채택'의 생산 구조 속에 다수가 참여하여 질문-채택답변-기타답변으로 배열되어 있는 완성된 형태의 K-let들을 지속적으로 생산하며 비슷한 성향을 가진 K-let들이 반복적으로 생산되어 지식검색 데이터베이스에 누적된다. 지식 소비자들은 질의어 검색을 통해서 다양한 K-let들을 선택하여 비교, 검토한 후에 선택된 K-let들의 배열은 해체되어 소비자들에 의해서 재배열됨을 발견할 수 있었다. 이에 지식검색형 집단지성이란 다수의 의해서 생산되고 누적된 지식들이 소비자의 검색과 선택에 의해 해체되어 재배열되는 지식의 맞춤화 과정이라고 정의내릴 수 있었다. 반면에 위키형 집단지성에서는 '내용입력-미세수정' 구조 속에서 생명력 있는 W-let을 생성한다. W-let은 백과사전처럼 정리되어 내부링크를 통해서 서로 연결되고, 외부링크를 통해 확장되고, 지식소비자들은 검색을 통해 최초의 W-let에 도달한 후에 링크를 선택함으로써 지식을 확장시킴을 검증할 수 있었다. 따라서 위키형 집단지성이란 다수의 의해서 생산되고 정리된 지식들이 소비자의 검색과 링크에 의해 무한히 확장되는 지식의 확대 재생산되는 과정이라고 정의 내릴 수 있다. 결국, 현재의 집단지성이란 지식이 다수의 참여로 생산됨으로써 개인에게 맞춤화되고, 끊임없이 확대 재생산되는 과정을 의미한다. 그리고 이러한 집단지성의 방식은 지식이라는 현재의 차원을 넘어서 정치, 경제를 비롯한 사회의 전 영역으로 점차적으로 확대되어갈 것이다. 앞으로 연구들은 두 가지 모델이 혼재되어 있는 현재의 집단지성이 어떠한 새로운 모델을 만들면서 다른 영역으로 확장되어갈 것인지에 대해서 초점을 맞춰 나가야할 것이다.

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Dispute of Part-Whole Representation in Conceptual Modeling (부분-전체 관계에 관한 개념적 모델링의 논의에 관하여)

  • Kim, Taekyung;Park, Jinsoo;Rho, Sangkyu
    • Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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    • v.18 no.4
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    • pp.97-116
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    • 2012
  • Conceptual modeling is an important step for successful system development. It helps system designers and business practitioners share the same view on domain knowledge. If the work is successful, a result of conceptual modeling can be beneficial in increasing productivity and reducing failures. However, the value of conceptual modeling is unlikely to be evaluated uniformly because we are lack of agreement on how to elicit concepts and how to represent those with conceptual modeling constructs. Especially, designing relationships between components, also known as part-whole relationships, have been regarded as complicated work. The recent study, "Representing Part-Whole Relations in Conceptual Modeling : An Empirical Evaluation" (Shanks et al., 2008), published in MIS Quarterly, can be regarded as one of positive efforts. Not only the study is one of few attempts of trying to clarify how to select modeling alternatives in part-whole design, but also it shows results based on an empirical experiment. Shanks et al. argue that there are two modeling alternatives to represent part-whole relationships : an implicit representation and an explicit one. By conducting an experiment, they insist that the explicit representation increases the value of a conceptual model. Moreover, Shanks et al. justify their findings by citing the BWW ontology. Recently, the study from Shanks et al. faces criticism. Allen and March (2012) argue that Shanks et al.'s experiment is lack of validity and reliability since the experimental setting suffers from error-prone and self-defensive design. They point out that the experiment is intentionally fabricated to support the idea, as such that using concrete UML concepts results in positive results in understanding models. Additionally, Allen and March add that the experiment failed to consider boundary conditions; thus reducing credibility. Shanks and Weber (2012) contradict flatly the argument suggested by Allen and March (2012). To defend, they posit the BWW ontology is righteously applied in supporting the research. Moreover, the experiment, they insist, can be fairly acceptable. Therefore, Shanks and Weber argue that Allen and March distort the true value of Shanks et al. by pointing out minor limitations. In this study, we try to investigate the dispute around Shanks et al. in order to answer to the following question : "What is the proper value of the study conducted by Shanks et al.?" More profoundly, we question whether or not using the BWW ontology can be the only viable option of exploring better conceptual modeling methods and procedures. To understand key issues around the dispute, first we reviewed previous studies relating to the BWW ontology. We critically reviewed both of Shanks and Weber and Allen and March. With those findings, we further discuss theories on part-whole (or part-of) relationships that are rarely treated in the dispute. As a result, we found three additional evidences that are not sufficiently covered by the dispute. The main focus of the dispute is on the errors of experimental methods: Shanks et al. did not use Bunge's Ontology properly; the refutation of a paradigm shift is lack of concrete, logical rationale; the conceptualization on part-whole relations should be reformed. Conclusively, Allen and March indicate properly issues that weaken the value of Shanks et al. In general, their criticism is reasonable; however, they do not provide sufficient answers how to anchor future studies on part-whole relationships. We argue that the use of the BWW ontology should be rigorously evaluated by its original philosophical rationales surrounding part-whole existence. Moreover, conceptual modeling on the part-whole phenomena should be investigated with more plentiful lens of alternative theories. The criticism on Shanks et al. should not be regarded as a contradiction on evaluating modeling methods of alternative part-whole representations. To the contrary, it should be viewed as a call for research on usable and useful approaches to increase value of conceptual modeling.

A Decade of Comparative Study on the Changes in Elementary and Secondary School Science Teachers' Professionalism and Perceptions of Integrated Science Education (초·중등 과학교사들의 통합과학교육에 대한 인식과 교사 전문성에 관한 10년 주기(2008-2018) 비교 연구)

  • Maeng, Hee-Ju;Son, Yeon-A
    • Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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    • v.39 no.6
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    • pp.717-728
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    • 2019
  • The cultivation of creative convergence talent has become more important than ever, the Korean curriculum has also undergone many changes, aiming for convergence and integrated education. In addition to these changes in science and curriculum, we examined the changes in perception and Professionalism(PCK) of integrated science education of science teachers over the past decade. For this study, 359 elementary and secondary science teachers in 2008, when the 2007 revised curriculum was applied, and 360 elementary and secondary science teachers in 2018, when the 2015 revised curriculum was applied, were examined for 10 years of changes in perceptions and PCK of integrated science education. The conclusions from the analysis were as follows. First, in 2018, elementary and secondary science teachers were found to have a statistically significant increase in awareness of integrated science education. Nevertheless, cognition was found to be 'normal'. Second, teachers' perception of the necessity of improving the professionalism of teachers, providing teaching and learning materials, reducing the contents of learning, reducing the number of students and securing flexible timetables, and raising the perception of integrated science education for students and parents as a condition for the success of integrated science education, was analyzed to be significantly higher in 2018. Third, the results of PCK survey through self-diagnosis, teachers' PCK on integrated science education, such as competence to secure curriculum contents knowledge, comprehension of curriculum and class composition related to integrated science education, teaching strategy for integrated, creation of teaching and learning environment for integrated teaching, efforts to improve administrative constraints and the professionalism of integrated science education, was significantly higher than it was ten years ago. Therefore, the recent emphasis on convergence education has increased the experience of applying convergence classes in the field of education, and it was seen as a result of the continuous efforts of science teachers to meet the changes in the education paradigm.

Salty-taste Activation of Human Brain Disclosed by Gustatory fMRI Study (뇌기능 자기공명영상 장치를 이용한 짠맛 자극에 따른 인간 뇌의 반응에 대한 기초 연구)

  • Kim S.H.;Choi K.S.;Lee H.Y.;Shin W.J.;Eun C.K.;Mun C.W.
    • Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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    • v.9 no.1
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    • pp.30-35
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    • 2005
  • Purpose : The purpose of this study is to observe the blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) contrast changes due to the reaction of human brain at a gustatory sense in response to a salty-taste stimulation. Materials and Methods : Twelve healthy, non-smoking, right-handed male subjects (mean age: 25.6, range: 23-28 years) participated in this salty-taste stimulus functional magnetic resonance (fMRI) study. MRI scans were performed with 1.57 GE Signa, using a multi-slice GE-EPI sequence according to a blood-oxy-gen-level dependent (BOLD) experiment paradigm. Scan parameters included matrix size $128\times128$, FOV 250 mm, TR 5000 msec, TE 60 msec, TH/GAP 5/2 mm. Sequential data acquisitions were carried out for 42 measurements with a repetition time of 5 sec for each taste-stimulus experiments. Analysis of fMRI data was carried out using SPM99 implemented in Matlab. NaCl solution $(3\%)$ was used as a salty stimulus. The task paradigm consisted of alternating rest-stimulus cycles (30-second rest, 15-second stimulus) for 210 seconds. During the stimulus period, NaCl-solution was presented to the subject's mouth through plastic tubes as a bolus of delivered every 5 sec using -processor controlled auto-syringe pump. Results : Insula, frontal opercular taste cortex, amygdala and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) were activated by a salty-taste stimulation $(NaCl,\;3\%)$ in the fMRI experiments. And dosolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) was also significantly responded to salty-taste stimuli. Activation areas of the right side hemisphere were more superior to the left side hemisphere. Conclusion : The results of this study well correspond to the fact that both insula, amygdala, OFC, DLPFC areas are established as taste cortical areas by neuronal recordings in primates. Authors found that laboratory-developed auto-syringe pump is suitable for gustatory fMRI study. Further research in this field will accelerate to inquire into the mechanism of higher order gustatory process.

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A Design Model on Outdoor Space of Elementary School based on Participatory Approach - Case Study on Seoul Don-Am Elementary School - (참여디자인 방법론을 적용한 초등학교 옥외공간 계획모형 - 서울 돈암초등학교를 대상으로 -)

  • Hue, Youn-Sun;Im, Seung-Bin
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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    • v.38 no.5
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    • pp.1-11
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    • 2010
  • The outdoor space of an elementary school is the most familiar and most educational area for children. A paradigm shift in education has demanded a new role and direction for these outdoor spaces. The construction of children-friendly spaces, however, lags behind. The child-participatory design process is very meaningful at a time when many outdoor spaces have difficulties in reflecting the varied and specific demands of children. This study realized the necessity for a design that includes a child-participatory design process in construction the outdoor spaces of elementary schools. Through reference study and a theoretical approach of related laws, this study established a child-participatory design process model and applied it to Seoul Don-Am Elementary School. The design process included playing games and providing interesting tools to increase the participation of children in suggesting and presenting their opinions more freely. The design process of this study is described in five steps(eliciting interest in and recognition of the target space, Understanding children's expectations and the expressing thereof, Establishing factors for planning, Visualizing and arranging spaces, and Decision-making and building a final design plan). This process was applied to the planning and design of an outdoor space for Seoul Don-Am Elementary School. In this study, it is clear that the design of the participators and experts have a different purpose. Thus, the process of the design has more meaning than the final product. In addition, it is expected that an improvement in both tangible and intangible designs will be seen. Using a participatory design process, this study successfully improved the facilities and arrangement planning of an outdoor space. At the same time, it also enhanced the interest and participation of children in the process of creating the kind of school they desire. The significance of this study is that it has suggested an effective model to reflect the demands of children, the true users of the outdoor space, and the results were actually applied to elementary school outdoor planning and designing. This study enhanced the awareness of school members in the process of building the school's outdoor space.

Is Moral Identity theory a post-kohlbergian? - The function of the reflective reasoning in the moral identity theory and it's implication (도덕적 정체성 이론은 탈 콜버그주의인가?)

  • Son, Kyung-Won
    • The Journal of Korean Philosophical History
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    • no.32
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    • pp.395-432
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    • 2011
  • The purpose of this study is (i) to explore arguments of post-kohlbergian approach in moral psychology and; (ii) to analyze Blasi's and Lapsley's positions regarding the relationship between moral philosophy and psychology in terms of reflective reasoning and; (ⅲ) to suggest their's implication concerning the future development of moral identity theory. Moral identity theory has emerged as an alternative approach of the Kohlberg's moral development theory. Theorists of moral identity theory commonly criticize Kohlberg's theory as a philosophical psychology and insist the autonomy of moral psychology. However, one can find different positions within this trend, especially concerning he meaning and role of the reflection in moral functioning. Blasi emphasizes the importance of the reflective reasoning of moral agent, while Lapsley supports moral automacy contrary to Kohlberg's phenomenalism. Although Blasi had been negative about building moral psychology based on the moral philosophy, he has articulated the moral identity theory based on the concept of free will by Frankfurt. However, recently he criticizes intuitionist theory of Haidit and suggests the notion of the moral agent with the skill of reflective reasoning, or post-conventional thinking in Kohlberg's terms. Blasi's perspective of moral identity has two version. The one emphasizes the moral understanding which means strong evaluation, while the other refers to reasoning with weak evaluation. This leads to an inevitable inner contradiction within his theory of moral identity. Lapsley considers moral identity as a heuristic idea and suggests moral chronic as a new model of moral identity. This model is based on the social cognitive theory. His social cognitive model of moral personality provides the account for implicit, tacit, and automatic of moral functioning, while reflecting the core of moral identity. Lapsley suggests that moral function involves conscious and unconscious processes. The former occurs in normal situations of life, while the latter in rare and unusual situations. He does not highlight reasoning in moral functioning as Blasi do. In consequence, I will argue the notion of the moral agent with the skill of reflective reasoning, or post conventional thinking in Kohlberg's terms in the moral functioning like Gibbs and Turiel positions in the Journal of Moral Education' s 2008 special issue. Moral philosophy and psychology should be in complementary relations. It means we explore not only more interdisciplinary researches on the moral functioning, but also researches based on the moral philosophy.

Greenhouse Gas Mitigation Effect Analysis by Cool Biz and Warm Biz (쿨맵시 및 온맵시 복장 착용에 의한 온실가스 감축 효과 분석)

  • Yeo, So-Young;Ryu, Ji-Yeon;Lee, Sue-Been;Kim, Dai-Gon;Hong, Yoo-Deog;Seong, Mi-Ae;Lee, Kyoung-Mi
    • Journal of Climate Change Research
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    • v.2 no.2
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    • pp.93-106
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    • 2011
  • Republic of Korea officially announced its mid term reduction target which reduce about 30% of BAU GHG emission by 2020 in the 15th meeting of UNFCCC(COP 15) held in Copenhagen, Denmark 2009. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to understand the serious of climate change and take part in GHG reduction not only industry but also the nation. However, such positive participation in green life which may cause inconvenient of the life of the people. It should be accomplished with providing reliable information. This study suggests the scientific potentialities of GHG emission by guideline on low carbon life and green life to form and change a lifestyle suitable for coping with climate change. And also, this study quantitate the GHG reduction which may reduce demand for air conditioning by cool biz and warm biz. In Korea, this campaign has become known as 'CoolMaebsi' by Ministry of Environmental of Korea. 'CoolMaebsi' is a compound word of 'Cool' which means feel refreshed, and 'Maebsi' is a Korean word which means attire. Though this campaign is effective and significant to reduce the GHG emission yet there were no study on quantitative analysis. Therefore this study calculated reduced energy consumption and potential GHG emission by measuring variation of skin temperature. As the result, wearing warm biz and cool biz have an effect of reducing not only the energy consumption but also GHG emission. To achieve the low carbon society, it is necessary to improve the energy saving system and introduce the policy which guide to change a life style.