• Title/Summary/Keyword: 인공심폐기

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Structural Analysis for Constructing a Balloon Type Extracoporeal Membrane Oxygenator using CFD Analysis (CFD 해석을 이용한 Balloon형 인공심폐기 설계를 위한 구조적 해석)

  • Park, Young-Ran;Shim, Jeong-Yeon;Kim, Gi-Beum;Kim, Shang-Jin;Kang, Hyung-Sub;Kim, Jin-Shang;Kim, Min-Ho;Hong, Chul-Un;Kim, Seong-Jong
    • Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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    • v.49 no.2
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    • pp.238-243
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    • 2011
  • In this study, we attempted a structural analysis in order to design a balloon type extracorporeal membrane oxygenator that can induce blood flow without using blood pumps for the purpose of complementing the weakness in the existing extracorporeal membrane oxygenator. To analyze the flow characteristic of the blood flow within the virtual model of extracorporeal membrane oxygenator, computational fluid dynamics(CFD) modeling method was used. The operating principle of this system is to make the surface of the extracorporeal membrane oxygenator keep contracting and dilating regularly by applying pressure load using a balloon, and the 'ime Function Value'that changes according to the time was applied by calculating a half cycle of sine waveform and a cycle of sine.waveform Under the assumption that the uni-directional blood flow could be induced if the balloon type extracorporeal membrane oxygenator was designed as per the method described above, we conducted a structural analysis accordingly. We measured and analyzed the velocity and pressure of blood flow at both inlet and outlet of the extracorporeal membrane oxygenator through CFD simulation. As a result of the modeling, it was confirmed that there was a flow in accord with the direction of the blood by the contraction/dilation. With CFD simulation, the characteristics of blood flow can be predicted in advance, so it is judged that this will be able to provide the most optimized design in producing an extracorporeal membrane oxygenator.

Effects of Modified ultrafiltration at cardiopulmonary bypass animal experiment. (심폐바이패스 실험동물에서의 변형 초여과법 사용의 효과)

  • 한재진;원태희;박성수
    • Journal of Chest Surgery
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    • v.32 no.10
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    • pp.874-882
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    • 1999
  • 배경: 체외순환 후의 부종현상 및 이에 따른 여러 장치의 기능 저하를 방지하기 위하여, 최근에 체외 순환 이탈 후 환자의 혈액을 짧은 시간에 관류하여 여과해 주는 변형 초여과법의 사용이 늘고 있다. 이에 대한 긍정적인 임상결과들의 보고도 있으나, 다른 한편 체외 순환 후 염증반응을 포함한 폐손상의 기전에 혈구 성분의 영향이 보고되고 있는 바, 변형 초여과법의 효과, 특히 폐 조직에 대한 영향을 밝혀 보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 몸무게 15에서 22 Kg(평균 16.5$\pm$0.5)의 16 쌍의 잡견을 이용한 정소성 심장이식, 실험에서, 통상적인 인공심폐기 작동군과 인공심폐기 작동 후 변형 초여과 관류를 시행한 군으로 무작위 구분하였다. 변형초여과법은 체외순환 정지 후에 대동맥관에서 나온 혈류를 Roller pump를 거쳐 Amicon Diafilter 초여과 관에 150 mL/m 정도의 속도로 10~15 분 정도 관류시켜 정맥관을 통하여 우심방에 직접 주입하였다. 혈액 채취 및 폐생검은 심폐기 시작 전과 정지 직후, 그리고 변형초여과 시행 군은 초여과 완료 직후에, 대조군은 심폐기 정지 10~15분 후에 각각 시행하였다. 혈류역학 측정요소는 동맥압, 우심방압, 좌심방압 등이었으며, 혈액 검사 항목은 동맥혈 가스분석, 혈색소 농도, 헤마토크릿, 백혈구 수, 혈소판 수, 혈중 단백 성분, 알부민 성분 등이었다. 폐 생검 조직으로는 냉동 건조법을 이용한 수분 함유량을 측정하였고, 광학 및 전자현미경으로 관찰을 하였다. 결과: 변형 초여과 군에서 혈중 혈색소 농도는 수술전 10.3$\pm$1.7 mg/dL, 심폐기 정지 직후 6.3$\pm$1.7 mg/dL, 초여과 직후는 8.3$\pm$2.8 mg/dL의 변화를(p=0.0078, 0.0117), 혈중 총 단백질의 농도 변화는 4.3$\pm$0.9, 3.1$\pm$1.5, 4.1$\pm$1.6 mg/dL, 혈중 알부민의 농도는 1.9$\pm$0.5, 1.4$\pm$0.7, 1.8$\pm$0.8 mg/dL로서, 각각 초여과법의 시행 전후에 유의한 증가를 가져왔고(p=0.0280, 0.0277), 폐조직의 수분 함유량의 변화는 수술전 75.1$\pm$8.6%, 심폐기 정지 직후 82.8$\pm$6.0%, 초여과 직후 77.88%를 보인 반면, 대조군에서는 각각 74.7$\pm$4.9, 82.1$\pm$5.9, 82.3$\pm$5.1%의 변화를 보였다. 미세 구조의 관찰에서, 폐포의 내포세피의 융합 기저막층과 미토콘드리아에서의 부종은 변형 초여과 후에 급격히 감소하였으나, 미토콘드리아내 크리스티의 파괴성 변화와 막성 파괴 성향이 초여과 후에 심화되게 관찰되었고, 세포질 내 소체의 팽창과 공포화 현상도 심폐기 가동 후 발생하여 초여과 후에 더 심화되게 관찰되었다. 세포질 내 소체의 팽창과 공포화 현상도 심폐기 가동 후 발생하여 초여과 후에 더 심화되게 관찰되었다. 폐조직 내의 백혈구는 심폐기 작동 후에 그 수에 있어서 증가하였으며 백혈구의 괴변, 탈과립 정도도 심폐기 작동 후 및 초여과 후에 증가한 소견을 보였다. 결론: 변형 초여과법은 인공 심폐기 후의 혈색소 농도 및 혈중 단백질 농도의 복원에 효과가 있었으며 변형 초여과 관류후 폐의 미세 조직내에서 부종의 급격한 감소 등을 관찰할 수 있었다.

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Application of the Pulsatile Cardiopulmonary Bypass in Animal Model (이중 박동성 인공심폐기의 동물 실험)

  • Shin, Hwa-Kyun;Won, Yong-Soon;Lee, Jea-Yook;Her, Keun;Yeum, Yook;Kim, Seung-Chul;Min, Byoung-Goo
    • Journal of Chest Surgery
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    • v.37 no.1
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    • pp.1-10
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    • 2004
  • Background: Currently, the cardiopulmonary machine with non-pulsatile pumps, which are low in internal circuit pressure and cause little damage to blood cells, is widely used. However, a great number of experimental studies shows that pulsatile perfusions are more useful than non-pulsatile counterparts in many areas, such as homodynamic, metabolism, organ functions, and micro-circulation. Yet, many concerns relating to pulsatile cardiopulmonary machines, such as high internal circuit pressure and blood cell damage, have long hindered the development of pulsatile cardiopulmonary machines. Against this backdrop, this study focuses on the safety and effectiveness of the pulsatile cardiopulmonary machines developed by a domestic research lab. Material and Method: The dual-pulsatile cardiopulmonary bypass experiment with total extracorporeal circulation was conducted on six calves, Extracorporeal circulation was provided between superior/inferior vena cava and aorta. The membrane oxygenator, which was placed between the left and right pumps, was used for blood oxygenation. Circulation took four hours. Arterial blood gas analysis and blood tests were also conducted. Plasma hemoglobin levels were calculated, while pulse pressure and internal circuit pressure were carefully observed. Measurement was taken five times; once before the operation of the cardiopulmonary bypass, and after its operation it was taken every hour for four hours. Result: Through the arterial blood gas analysis, PCO2 and pH remained within normal levels. PO2 in arterial blood showed enough oxygenation of over 100 mmHg. The level of plasma hemoglobin, which had total cardiopulmonary circulation, steadily increased to 15.87 $\pm$ 5.63 after four hours passed, but remained below 20 mg/㎗. There was no obvious abnormal findings in blood test. Systolic blood pressure which was at 97.5$\pm$5.7 mmHg during the pre-circulation contraction period, was maintained over 100 mmHg as time passed. Moreover, diastolic blood pressure was 72.2 $\pm$ 7.7 mmHg during the expansion period and well kept at the appropriate level with time passing by. Average blood pressure which was 83$\pm$9.2 mmHg before circulation, increased as time passed, while pump flow was maintained over 3.3 L/min. Blood pressure fluctuation during total extracorporeal circulation showed a similar level of arterial blood pressure of pre-circulation heart. Conclusion: In the experiment mentioned above, pulsatile cardiopulmonary machines using the doual-pulsatile structure provided effective pulsatile blood flow with little damage in blood cells, showing excellence in the aspects of hematology and hemodynamic. Therefore, it is expected that the pulsatile cardiopulmonary machine, if it becomes a standard cardiopulmonary machine in all heart operations, will provide stable blood flow to end-organs.

Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting without Cardiopulmonary Bypass -one case report- (임공심폐기를 사용하지않는 관상동맥우회술 -1례 보고-)

  • Na, Chan-Young;Lee, Young-Tak;Kim, Woong-Han;Chung, Chul-Hyun;Jung, Yoon-Seop;Bang, Jeong-Hyin;Kim, Wook-Seong;Lee, Sub;Han, Jae-Jin;Chung, Do-Hyun;Chung, Ill-Sang;Park, Jung-Won;Park, Young-Kwan;Hong, Sung-Nok;Moon, Hyun-Soo
    • Journal of Chest Surgery
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    • v.29 no.11
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    • pp.1267-1269
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    • 1996
  • Coronary artery bypass grafting without cardiopulmonary bypass is now one of accepted technique of myocardial revascularization. This technique is an alternative method for patients with lesions in the left anterior descending coronary artery and right coronary artery. We report a case of coronary artery bypass grafting without cardiopulmonary bypass or cardiac arrest.

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Report for Development of Korean Portable Cardiopulmonary Bypass II. Experimental Study of Portable Cardiopulmonary Bypass for Emergency Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation after Cardiac Arrest in Normal Dogs (한국형 이동식 심폐소생기 개발 보고 II. 응급소생술을 위한 이동식 심폐소생기의 동물 실험 연구)

  • Kim, Hyoung-Mook;Lee, In-Sung;Baek, Man-Jong;Sun, Kyung;Kim, Kwang-Taik;Lee, Hye-Won;Lee, Kyu-Back;Chang, Jun-Kuen;Kim, Chong-Won;Kim, Hark-Jei
    • Journal of Chest Surgery
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    • v.31 no.12
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    • pp.1147-1158
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    • 1998
  • Background: Portable cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB) technique has been used increasingly as a potent and effective option for emergency cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR) because it can maintain more stable hemodynamics and provide better survival than conventional CPR techniques. This study was designed to develop a prototype of Korean portable CPB system and, by applying it to CPR, to discriminate whether it would be superior to standard open-chest CPR. Material and Method: By using adult mongrel dogs, open-chest CPR(OCPR group, n=4) and portable-CPB CPR(CPB group, n=4) were compared with respects to restoration of spontaneous circulation(ROSC), hemodynamics, effects on blood cells, blood gas patterns, biochemical markers, and survivals. Ventricular fibrillation-cardiac arrest(VF-CA) of arrest(VF-CA) of 4 minutes followed by basic life support(BLS) of 15 minutes was applied in either group, which was standardized by the protocol of American Heart Association. Then, advanced life support(ALS) was applied to either group under the support of internal cardiac massage or CPB. ALS was maintained until ROSC was achieved but not longer than 30 minutes regardless of the presence of ROSC. All of the measured values were expressed as means±SD percent change from baseline. Result: During the early ALS, higher mean arterial pressure was maintained in CPB group than in OCPR group(90±19 vs. 71±32 %; p<.05) and lower mean pulmonary arterial pressure was also maintained in CPB group than in OCPR group(105±24 vs. 146±6%; p<.05). ROSC was achieved in all dogs. Post-ROSC levels of hematocrit, RBC, and platelet were decreased and plasma free hemoglobin was increased significantly in CPB group compared to OCPR group(p<.05). Changes in blood gas patterns, lactate, and CK-MB levels were not different between groups. Early mortality was seen in 3 dogs in OCPR group(survival time 31±36 hours) and 2 in CPB group(228±153 hours, p=ns). The remainders in both groups showed prolonged survival. Conclusion: These findings indicate that portable CPB can be effective to maintain stable hemodynamics during cardiac arrest, to achieve ROSC and to prolong survival. Further study is needed to refine the portable CPB system and to meet clinical challenges.

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Cardiac Surgery Using CPB in Moyamoya Disease - A Case Report- (모야모야 환자에게서의 인공심폐기를 이용한 개심술 -1예 보고-)

  • 이기복;김응중;신윤철;박종운;이원진;박진흥;손정환;지현근
    • Journal of Chest Surgery
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    • v.36 no.10
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    • pp.772-775
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    • 2003
  • Moyamoya disease is an unusual cerebrovascular disorder characterized by occlusive intimal dysplasia of the distal internal carotid and proximal cerebral arteries, but the etiology remains unclear. Angiographic characteristics include bilateral stenosis or occlusion of the terminal portions of the intracranial internal carotid arteries and bilateral development of fine collateral vessels at the base of the brain known as ‘Moyamoya vessels’. Cardiac surgery using cardiopulmonary bypass due to coronary artery disease and others among patients with moyamoya disease is very rare, and cardiac surgery for such patients has a potential risk of intraoperative and perioperative brain ischemia. We successfully treated a patient who underwent artrial septal defect closure and coronary artery bypass graft using the cardiopulmonary bypass, so we report this case with a brief literature review.

Numerical study for fluid-structure interaction of blood flow in TPLS (박동형 인공심폐기에서의 혈류의 고체-유체 상호작용에 대한 수치적 연구)

  • Jung G. S.;Seong H. C.;Shim E. B.;Ko H. J.;Min B. G.
    • Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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    • 2002.08a
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    • pp.705-706
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    • 2002
  • Hemodynamics of the TPLS(Twin Pulse Life Support System) is numerically investigated to delineate the possibility of hemolysis in blood. Computational method employing finite element algorithm is utilized to solve the blood flow of the sac squeezed by moving actuator. We assume that the blood flow interacts with the sac material which is activated by the rigid body motion of the actuator. Valve dynamics at the ends of the sac is simplified as on/off type motion. We compute the transient viscous flow in the two-dimensional geometry of the blood sac. Incompressible laminar flow is simulated on the assumption of Newtonian fluid. Blood velocity has a step gradient near the throat of the sac formed by the moving actuator. According to the decrease of the gap size of blood passage, the magnitude of shear stress in the blood is dramatically increased. Numerical solutions show that the maximum value of shear stress in the blood flow in TPLS is relatively smaller than that of the roller type ECLS.

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Effects of Aprotinin on Postoperative Bleeding and Blood Coagulation System in Pediatric Open Heart Surgery (소아개심술시 아프로티닌이 술후 출혈 및 혈액응고계에 미치는 영향)

  • 신윤철;전태국
    • Journal of Chest Surgery
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    • v.29 no.3
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    • pp.303-310
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    • 1996
  • From December of 1994 to April of 1995, we, SHUH Department of Pediatric Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, studied effects of aprotinin. 95 patients were randomly divided into two groups : group I (n=47) with aprotinin and group ll (n=48) without aprotinin. Aprotinin was given as one shot injection to cardiopulmonary bypass perfusion solution with dose of 50,000 KIUikg. Laboratory data such as hemoglobin, hematocrit, BUH, creatinine, fibrinogen, electrolyte concentration, aPTT, PT, and AT R was checked preoperatively, 5 minutes after anesthesia, 5 minutes and 35 minutes after CPB circulation, and 5 minutes, 3 hours, and 24 hours after reperfusion. Also, chest-tube drainage, transfused amount of RBC, platelet concentrate, and fresh frozen plasma within first 24 hours postoperatively were checked and analyzed after transition nn body weight demension. Only RBC transfused postoperatively had statistical significance with P value of less than 0.001. Others had no difference statistical wise. Postoperative side effects of aprotinin was not detected weeks after the surgery and there was no reoperated patient due to postoperative bleeding.

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Postcardiotomy Biventricular Assist Device in Adult Heart Disease. (개심술후 시행한 양심실보조장치의 성공치험 수술례)

  • 이재원;유양기;정성호;김건일;송명근
    • Journal of Chest Surgery
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    • v.34 no.5
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    • pp.403-406
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    • 2001
  • 본 증례는 66세(51.8kg)된 남자에서 수술전 심한 좌심실 기능 부전과 승모판 및 삼첨판 폐쇄부전이 있어 개심술 시행후 심한 저심박출증 발생으로 인공심폐기 이탈에서 실패하고 양심실 보조장치(Centrifugal Biopump)를 사용한 후 이로부터 성공적인 이탈과 퇴원이 보고하는 바이다.

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Postcardiotomy Ventricular Assist Device (개심술후 심실 보조장치)

  • 나찬영
    • Journal of Chest Surgery
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    • v.27 no.5
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    • pp.390-393
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    • 1994
  • 의료기술의 발달로 오늘날의 개심술은 대부분 성공적으로 시행되고 있지만 극히 일부분은 아직도 개심술후 심한 심실기능의 저하로 사망하는 겨우가 있다. 1960년대 중반 Spencer와 DeBakey에 의해 개심술후 심한 심실기능이 저하된 환자에게 심실보조장치를 이용하여 성공적으로 치험한 이후로 많은 발전을 거듭해 왔다. 저자들은 4개월 (6.5Kg)된 남아에서 개심술후 심한 저심박출증으로 인공심폐기의 제거를 못하여 좌심실 보조장치(Centrifugal Biopump)를 사용하여 성공적으로 치험하였기에 보고하는 바이다.

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