• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.182-189
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• 1992

The influnces of 9 kinds of solvents on the toxicities against several insect species, phytotoxicity and solubility of compounds were evaluated by means of leaf dipping and spray methods. In case of the spray application, density and vapor pressure seemed to be a contributing factor to lethal toxicity against brown planthopper and diamond-back moth, respectively; the bigger the property of density and the smaller the vapor pressure gave the stronger toxicity. It appeared that the toxicity of solvents was not correlated with anyone of physical properties such as boiling point, dipole moment, dielectric constant, surface tension and viscosity. Spray treatment gave more toxicity to insects than leaf dipping treatment. Although dielectric constant and dipole moment seemed to be contributing factors to phytotoxic damage to rice seedling and bean plants, respectively, no general correlation between phytoxicity and the other physical properties was found. Leaf dipping application caused stronger phytotoxicity than spray application. It is concluded that 5% acetone solution may be most suitable to test chemicals because of its favorable solubility of compounds, lower toxicity to insects, and lower phytotoxicity.

• Monthly Duck's Village
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• s.174
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• pp.32-33
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• 2017

본 시험은 냉동 및 해동 방식에 따른 토종오리 고기의 이화학적 특성을 조사하기 위해 수행하였다. 처리구는 8주령 오리육을 대조구(Control)로 하고 처리구는 냉동방식 2가지(급냉, $-50^{\circ}C$; 완냉, $-20^{\circ}C$)과 해동방식 2가지(완해동, $4^{\circ}C$ 냉장해동; 급해동, $13^{\circ}C$ 유수해동;의 $2{\times}2$ 복합요인으로 하여 총 5처리구, 처리구당 3반복, 반복당 3점(2수/점)으로 나누었다. 공시재료는 각 처리구에서 발생된 8주령 토종오리 수컷을 처리구당 18수씩 선별하여 도압하고 1개월간 저장 후 분석에 이용하였다. 명도는 완냉시키거나 완해동할 때에 대조구와 유의적인 차이가 있었으나(P<0.05), 적색도와 황색도는 처리구간 유의차가 없었다. 가열감량과 보수력은 급냉시키거나 급해동시킬 때 대조구에 비해 유의적으로 높게 나타났으나(P<0.05), 전단력은 대조구에 비해 낮게 나타났다(P<0.05). 가열감량, 전단력, 보수력은 냉동 처리구 사이에서는 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았으나, 가열감량은 급해동과 완해동 사이에 유의차가 나타났다(P<0.05). 수분, 지방, 단백질, 조회분의 함량은 냉동 처리구와 대조구 사이에서 유의차가 없었으나, 수분함량은 급해동 처리구에서 완해동 처리구에 비해 유의적으로 높게 나타났으며(P<0.05), 단백질 함량은 완해동 처리구에서 대조구에 비해 높게 나타났으나(P<0.05) 해동 처리구간에는 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 지방과 단백질 함량은 해동 처리구 사이에서 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. 결론적으로, 본 시험에서는 냉동과 해동 방식에 따른 오리고기의 특징을 보여주고 있으며, 이런 결과들은 토종오리 산업과 오리육 생산 산업에 큰 도움이 될 것이라 사료된다.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.77-82
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• 1992

A noncytopathic bovine viral diarrhea virus(NC BVDV) strain isolated and purified from persistently infected primary bovine fetal lung(BFL) cells was studied by biophysical methods. The buoyant density of particles of the NC BVDV strain was shown to be between 1,090 and $1,114g/cm^3$ and the maximum virus infectivity occured at $1,098g/cm^3$. Immunoelectron microscopic examination by using the partially purified virus revealed regular spherical particles 30~80nm in diameter. Differences in the genomic size of cytopathic and noncytopathic BVDV from infected cells were not found. A comparison of viral proteins of a noncytopathic and cytopathic strain(NADL) by immunoprecipitation using monoclonal antibody indicated that NC BVDV, compared to cytopathic NADL, was cell associated.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.183-195
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• 2014

The present study was conducted to provide basic data for environmentally friendly treatment of manure using vermicomposting by investigating the influence of physiochemical property change during the composting period on the survival of earthworms after mixing cow manure in different levels (0(CSD0), 10(CSD10), 20(CSD20), 30(CSD30), and 40%(CSD40)) with the sawdust that is used bedding in livestock pens. As composting proceeds, earthworms were able to survive in all treatments after 3 weeks. In terms of the C/N ratio by treatment groups, the sawdust mix treatment was significantly higher than the CSD0 treatment (p<0.05). The C/N ratio in the 3rdweek when earthworms started surviving was 23.26-61.05. As composting progressed, pH and electrolytic conductivity were highest in the CSD0 treatment and tended to decrease with higher proportion of sawdust in the mix. It was found that pH and electrolytic conductivity that earthworms starting to survive are 7.4-7.7 and 0.28-1.17 mS/cm respectively. To summarize, when composing cow manure with various levels of sawdust mix, all physiochemical property changes turned out to allow the survival of earthworms, but the results suggest that efficient vermicomposting requires the tests to examine growth and reproduction according to the sawdust mix ratio.

• Proceedings of the Korea Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry Conference
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• 2008.04a
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• pp.217-221
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• 2008

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.221-228
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• 2012

Physicochemical properties of liquid fertilizer samples of resource organization, which are domestically produced and distributed, are analyzed. Major contents of the research results are as follows. 1. The ratio of complete decomposition for liquid fertilizer is 49% at Public Resource Center and 33% at Liquid Fertilizer Supply Center. The combined ratio of both half-decomposed and un-decomposed liquid fertilizers is over 50% at both centers. 2. The ratio of complete decomposed liquid fertilizer, 67%, is the highest in Gangwon and Gyeonggi-do area. The ratio of un-decomposed liquid fertilizer is high in Chungbuk and Chungnam area. The sum of ratios of the half- and un-decomposed is over 60% in the areas except Gyeonnggi-do and Gangwon-do. 3. As a result of regional comparison of the physicochemical properties of liquid fertilizers, concentration variation in most of the items are large, and the degree of uniformity is found to be considerably low. In particular, concentration variation in T-N and $NH_4$-N is the most noticeable. 4. The items that physicochemically correlated to the degree of decomposition of liquid fertilizer are appeared to be T-N, $NH_4$-N, $NO_3$-N, EC, $SCOD_{Mn}$, and ORP. 5. The physicochemical average values of the liquid fertilizer estimated as "complete decomposed" are appeared to be T-N 829 mg/L,$NH_4$-N 517 mg/L, $NO_3$-N 151 mg/L, $SCOD_{Mn}$ 1,205 mg/L, EC 10.32 mS/cm, ORP -117.12 mV.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Food Science of Animal Resources Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.166-169
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• 2006

본 연구는 저염 등심햄 제조시 필요한 식염의 적정첨가량을 결정하기 위해 실시하였다. 식염첨가량을 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0%로 달리하여 염지액을 제조하였고, 제조된 등심햄의 이화학적, 조직학적 및 관능적 성상을 평가하였다. 제조한 등심햄의 pH,그리고 수분, 지방, 단백질 함량은 각각 $5.99{\sim}6.11$, $62.9{\sim}68.6$, $2.15{\sim}5.62$, $20.2{\sim}26.6$ 이었다. 반면에 식염 첨가량이 감소함에 따라 가열 감량은 유의적으로 증가하였다(p<0.05). 등심햄에 첨가된 식염 함량이 0.5% 이하인 경우에 대조구보다 관능 평가 항목에서 전반적으로 더 낮은 값으로 평가되었다. 결론적으로 1.5%수준으로 식염이 첨가되어 제조된 등심햄과 유사한 품질 특성을 갖는 저염 등심햄을 개발하기 위해서는 최소한 1%의 식염 첨가가 바람직하다고 판단된다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Food Science of Animal Resources Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.221-225
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• 2005

본 연구는 식염첨가의 감소를 MTGase와 우유단백질을 첨가하여 보완하기 위하여 저지방 저염 재구성 햄을 제조하여 이화학적 및 조직학적 성상을 평가하였고, 1.5%의 식염이 첨가된 대조구와 기능성, 조직감 및 관능성을 비교하였다. 제조한 재구성 햄의 pH, 그리고 수분, 지방 및 단백질 함량은 각각 6.07-6.22, 68-72%, 2-5%, 18-22%였다. 색도와 보수력은MTGase와 우유단백질 첨가에 의해 영향 받지 않았다 (p>0.05). 반면에 가열감량은 식염첨가량과 우유단백질에 의해 차이를 보여 식염함량이 증가할수록 가열감량은 낮았고 카제인 염이 유청 단백질에 비하여 가열감량을 줄일 수 있었다 (p<0.05). 조직검사에서는 MTGase에 우유단백질 1%를 첨가한 처리구가 대조구에 비교한 결과, 경도를 제외한 조직검사에서 높은 값을 나타내었다. 관능평가에서는 1.0% 식염에 0.3% MTGase와 1% 우유단백질을 첨가한 재구성 햄이 기능적에서 대조구와 유사하였다. 이러한 결과는 0.3% MTGase에 1% 우유단백질을 첨가하는 것이 식염감소에 의한 재구성 햄의 결점을 보완함을 시사하였고 카제인 염 단백질은 MTGase의 기질로써 유청 단백질보다 더 효율적이었다.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.57-66
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• 2014

The present study was conducted to provide basic data for environmentally friendly treatment of manure using vermicomposting. This was done by investigating the influence of physiochemical property change during the composting period on the survival of earthworms after mixing cow manure in different levels (0(CRH0), 10(CRH10), 20(CRH20), 30(CRH30), and 40%(CRH40)) with the rice hull that is generally added for composting manure. As composting proceeds, earthworms were able to survive in all conditions after 3 weeks. In terms of the C/N ratio by treatment groups, the rice hull mix treatments were significantly higher than the CRH0 treatment. Among rice hull mix treatments, the treatments with 30~40% rice hull level (CRH30 & CRH40) showed the highest ratio out of all composting periods (p<0.05). The C/N ratio in the 3rdweek when earthworms started surviving was 23.26~34.44. As composting progressed, pH and electrolytic conductivity (EC) were the highest in the CRH0 treatment (p<0.05) and tended to decrease with higher proportion of rice hull in the mix. It was found that pH and electrolytic conductivity (EC) that earthworms start to survive are 7.58~7.74 and 0.41~1.17 mS/cm, respectively. To summarize, when composing cow manure with various levels of rice hull mix, all physiochemical property changes turned out to allow the survival of earthworms, but the results suggest that efficient vermicomposting requires the tests to examine the growth and reproduction according to the rice hull mix ratio.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.436-441
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• 2011

This study was performed to evaluate physico-chemical properties and antioxidant activity of pork patties with tomato powder as affected by water solubility. Fresh tomatoes were homogenized and dried in a $60^{\circ}C$ oven. Dried tomato powder was added to double deionized-water and stirred. The soluble and insoluble portions were collected by freeze-drying. Thus, total dried powder (T1) and water soluble (T2) and insoluble powders (T3) were prepared for the experiment. Pork patties containing 0.5% water insoluble powder had the highest redness and yellowness values among the treatments (p<0.05). Thiobarbituric acid reactive substance values of pork patties containing 0.5% dried tomato powder were lower than those of the control (p<0.05) and not different from those of the reference (0.01% BHT). Total bacteria and Enterobacteriaceae (VRB) tended to increase with increasing storage time from 0 to 14 d; however, these values were not statistically different among treatments. These results suggest that lipid oxidation may be suppressed by adding tomato powder to pork patties; thus, tomato powder could be used as a natural antioxidant in meat products as a partial replacement for synthetic antioxidants.