• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.291-297
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• 2005

Objectives : The effects of exercise on bone density have been found to be inconsistent in previous studies. We conducted a cross-sectional study in premenarcheal girls to test two hypotheses to explain these inconsistencies. Firstly,'the intensity of mechanical strain, in terms of the ground reaction force(GRF), has more important effects on the bone mass at a weight-bearing site', and secondly, 'calcium intake modifies the bone response to exercise'. Methods : The areal bone mineral density was measured at the Os calcis, using peripheral dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, in 91 premenarcheal girls aged between 9 and 12 years. The intensity of mechanical strain of exercise was assessed by a self-report questionnaire and scored by the GRF as multiples of body weight, irrespective of the frequency and duration of exercise. The energy and calcium intake were calculated from the 24-hour dietary recall. An analysis of covariance(ANCOVA) was used to determine the interaction and main effects of exercise and calcium on the bone density, after adjusting for age, weight, height and energy intake. Results : The difference in the bone density between moderate and low impact exercise was more pronounced in the high than low calcium intake group. The bone density for moderate impact exercise and high calcium intake was significantly higher than that for low impact exercise (p=0.046) and low calcium intake, after adjusting for age, weight, height and energy intake. Conclusions : Our study suggests that the bone density at a weight-bearing site is positively related to the intensity of mechanical loading exercise, and the calcium intake may modify the bone response to exercise at the loaded site in premenarcheal girls.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.28 no.9
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• pp.961-976
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• 2006

Designing water-reuse network which can reduce the fresh water within the process and increase the water-use efficiency by scientific and systematic analysis is recently interested in the industries. Water systems often allow efficient water uses via water reuse and recirculation in the paper, petrochemical, and steel industries which necessitate a lot of freshwater within the process. Defining network layout connecting water-using process is frequently accomplished by using water pinch technology which optimizes freshwater entering the process and also reduces the wastewater. In this review, recent researches and case studies of water pinch technology which can find the bottleneck of the water stream at the water reuse designing stage are introduced. Necessity of water pinch technology is illustrated by examples of real industries. Recent studies on simultaneous energy and water minimization and water-reuse network among industries in eco-industrial park(EIP) are also introduced.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.396-399
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• 2004

This study was investigated the changes of root length, tissue structure of root tip, and dry matter production of a Dongjinbyeo (DJ) cultivar subjected to 0.4 % agar medium with various concentration of NaCl (salt stress)- and polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG, drought stress). Root length and dry weight of DJ plant were declined along the high concentration of PEG and NaCl in rice plants. To elucidate the changes of tissue structure in root tip to PEG- and NaCl-treatments, we examined the microscopic observation of root tip in NaCl- and PEG-treated rice plants using Toluidine blue O. By Toluidine blue O staining, methyl-lignin accumulation was found in the epidermis and outer cortex of the elongation zone at an early stage of PEG treatment, whereas was found only the outer cortex of the elongation zone of NaCl-treated root tip. The epidermis of NaCl-treated root tip became soften instead of methyl-lignin accumulation. TR ratio was increased along the high concentration in PEG- and NaCl-treated rice plant as a result of inhibited root elongation under PEG- and NaCl-treatment. From these morphological changes in root stimulated by drought and salt stress, we suggest that agar medium is useful to identify tolerant variety in germination stage under stressful environments.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.259-269
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• 2002

Based on sedimentary structures, degree of bioturbation, and internal erosional layers, the deep-sea core sediments in the East Sea (Ulleung and Yamato basins) and the Northwestern Pacific Ocean (Shikoku Basin) can be divided into two parts (upper and lower) with the boundary of around 10,000 years B.P. in age. The upper part of core KT94-10 from Shikoku Basin is characterized by low sedimentation rate, internal erosion layer, high degree of bioturbation and cross-lamination structures. It can be interpreted as the bottom-current deposits which show some different characteristics from turbidite or hemipelagic sediment. However, its lower part consists of highly bioturbated, massive mud, suggesting that it be not related to the influence of bottom current. On the other hand, the cores in Ulleung and Yamato basins do not show any evidence of bottom-current deposits: their upper parts consist of bioturbated mud, and lower parts are characterized by laminated mud with pyrite filaments, indicating anaerobic condition. Consequently, these sedimentological characteristics suggest that deep-sea circulation would be changed from slow-moving to fast-moving one at this bounding time commonly in the Northwestern Pacific Ocean and the East Sea. Also, even in the same time, the deep-sea circulation in the Northwestern Pacific area would be relatively faster than that in the East Sea.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.365-372
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to implement HACCP system to foodservice of W and D elementary schools with joint-lunch management system in Kyungsan area. Steamed rice with squid was selected and Control Action, Monitoring Procedure and Control measure were identified based on HACCP flowchart to produce safe and healthy food. It was suggested that frozen squid must be thawed under the cold running city water and kept temperature below 1$0^{\circ}C$ and receiving/thawing procedure has to be done within 30 min. Raw vegetables must be washed under three-tube wash stand and whole prepreparation procedures should be done in 20 minutes. Clean and sanitize all the equipment and utensils before and after handling squid. Knives and cutting boards for vegetable and squid should be classified. Sauce for steamed rice with squid should be heated about 21 minutes to reach the temperature of 94$^{\circ}C$ before serving and internal temperature of food must be kept above 84.4$^{\circ}C$ during serving. The ideal temperature of kitchen should be remained 15∼18$^{\circ}C$. The underground water has to be excluded to minimize the risk of contamination in the foodservice facility and the prepreparation place must be separated with cooking place. Also, Personal hygiene Practice should be check in each stage. Further, additional research needs to be conducted to determine models for HACCP implementation for different menu.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.9
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• pp.1445-1450
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• 2004

The plum (Prunus salicina L., cv. ‘Soldam’) fruits were harvested at different growth stages, and then extracted using 80% methanol, respectively. The methanol extracts of plum were investigated for their growth inhibition on 6 kinds of human cancer cells using MTT assay and for their activity to induce quinone reductase (QR) in murine Hepa1c1c7 cells. Among various methanol extracts of plum, the plum 1~4 (immature fruit), which thin out 10~25 days before final harvest, showed higher anticarcinogenic activity against 5 kinds of cancer cells than plum 5~9 (intermediate-mature and mature fruit). Especially, plum 1 and 2 were exhibited the strongest growth inhibiting activities to AGS, HepG2 and MDA cancer cells. Also the plum extracts induced the activity of QR, an anticarcinogenic marker enzyme, in Hepa1c1c7 cells while the induction of QR activities by adding plum extracts were shown to be a little difference depending on growth stages. These results suggested that methanol extracts of immature plum can be considered as an effective natural cancer chemoprevention materials.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.38 no.10
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• pp.1342-1346
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• 2009

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of Pepino extract on alcohol metabolism in male Sprague-Dawley rats. When the rats were given Pepino extract 30 min before 60% alcohol (4 g/kg B.W) administration, alcohol concentration in blood was significantly reduced, but acetaldehyde concentration was not significantly different, compared with the control group after 3 hrs of alcohol administration. When the rats were given Pepino extract ($1^{\circ},\;5^{\circ},\;10^{\circ},\;&\;15^{\circ}$ Brix) 30 min before 60% alcohol administration, alcohol concentration in blood with $1^{\circ}$ Brix Pepino extract was 44% after 3 hrs of alcohol administration, compared with the control group. When the rats were given with $1^{\circ}$ Brix Pepino extract at 30 min before 60% alcohol administration, alcohol concentration in blood was significantly reduced after one hour and acetaldehyde concentration was reduced by 19% after 5 hrs of alcohol administration, compared with the control group. Glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase and glutamate-pyruvate transaminase activities were not significantly different in all experimental groups, compared with the control group. These results suggest that Pepino extract can be effective in alcohol metabolism in the alcohol-treated rats.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.279-287
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• 2011

This research surveyed the effect of endogenous gibberellins (GA), abscisic acid (ABA), jasmonic acid (JA) and sugar contents on bulb development and secondary growth in the southern type of garlic (Allium sativum L.) cv. Sangdongmaneul and cv. Namdomaneul of Korea. Sangdongmaneul and Namdomaneul showed endogenouse GA, ABA, JA and sugar contents were significantly different in patterns with different cultivar. GA and JA contents of southern type of garlic reached maximum before bulb differentiation and then their contents were decreased. On the other hand, ABA contents gradually increased from bulbing (leaf sheath: 6.58-18.59 $ng{\cdot}g^{-1}$ DW) start. GA contents in Sangdongmaneul and Namdomaneul were not significantly different from each other. These results revealed that GA contents were not affected by secondary growth of garlic. While JA contents (33.0-76.16 $ng{\cdot}g^{-1}$ DW) of Namdomaneul were higher than Sandongmaneul so our results suggest that JA suppressed development of secondary growth of garlic. Total sugar contents of Sandongmaneul and Namdomaneul were not significantly different but total sugar contents were gradually increased after bulb differentiation in Sandongmaneul and Namdomaneul.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.28-34
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• 2018

Purpose With regard to the use of radioiodine in domestic medical institution, the case of exceeding the allowance of nuclear safety Act about radioactive concentration in drainage was found. Through understanding the cause of exceeding case and analyzing radioactive concentration in drainage, evaluating the relationship of the public waters in surroundings and usefulness. Materials and Methods From November 1, 2014 to April 30th, 2015, the research is aiming at domestic twenty hospitals for six months. By using a HPGe gamma-ray spectrometer(Canberra DSA-1000) and GENIE-2000 Analysis software for comparative analysis, measuring a radioactive concentration of radioiodine in drainage. Consequently, we confirm the excess of radioactive concentration of radioiodine in seven medical institutions. Results Conducting a survey of twenty hospitals and average radioactive concentration of radioiodine in drainage appears $42,100Bq/m^3$. The features of domestic hospitals where show a high radioactive concentration are a number of medical treatment patient when using radioactive iodine and the absence of private rest room. During I-131 whole body scan, the pretreatment procedure of urinating is considered emission of residual Iodine. In public waters, the cause of exceeding detect on radioactive concentration in drainage suppose a diagnostic radioactive iodine. Conclusion We confirm the importance of enhanced education, providing a safety control instructions and installing a private rest rooms for patients who injected a low capacity radioiodine. Also, constructing institutional and legal management system is considered about the Emission management standard in drainage.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.226-232
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• 1998

With recent advancements in the instrumentation and technique of VATS, it has become the method of choice to cure facial hyperhidrosis. From July 1996 to April 1997, we performed 43 thoracic lower stellate ganglionectomy with VATS for facial hyperhidrosis. There were 33 men and 10 women whose ages ranged from 17 to 63 years(mean age, 37 years). Of those patients, 23 complained only of facial hyperhidrosis, and 20 complained of facial hyperhidrosis along with excessive sweating of the palm or foot. Thoracoscopic sympathetic ganglionectomy procedures included lower stellate ganglionectomy in 12 patients; lower stellate ganglionectomy and T2-sympathetic ganglionectomy in 28 patients; and lower stellate, T2 and T3 sympathetic ganglionectomy in 3 patients. Common complications were compensatory hyperhidrosis(36 patients) and causalgia(8 patients). At the end of the follow-up period(minimum, 3 months) ninety-five percent of the patients reported satisfactory results. Thoracic lower stellate ganglionectomy with VATS is an efficient, safe and minimally invasive surgical procedure for facial hyperhidrosis.