• Monthly Duck's Village
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• s.246
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• pp.8-11
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• 2023

2023년 12월 13일 전남도 영암 소재 육용 오리 농장에서 H5형 조류인플루엔자(AI) 항원이 검출됐다. 이번 의사 환축은 무안군 방역지역 정기 검사 과정에서 전남도동물위생시험소 검사 결과 H5형 조류인플루엔자 항원이 확인, 최종 고병원성 여부를 농림축산검역본부에서 확인했다. 전남도는 H5형 항원 검출 즉시 가축위생방역지원본부 초동방역팀 2명을 투입해 해당 농장에 대해 출입 통제와 소독 등 방역 조치를 취하고 도 현장 지원관을 파견해 주변 환경조사를 실시했다. 추가 확산 방지를 위해 H5 검출농장에 대해 선제적으로 살처분하고 발생농장 반경 10km 이내를 방역지역으로 설정하고 이동 제한과 소독, 임상예찰을 실시했다. 발생계열 농장과 관계시설에 대해 12월 15일 오전 10시까지 24시간 일시이동중지명령을 내렸다. 이같은 초동방역에도 불구하고 고병원성 AI는 확산일로에 있다. 중요한 것은 이번 AI는 'H5N6형'으로 5년 만에 발생했다는 점에서 그 양상을 달리하고 있다는 것이다. 특히 이번 AI는 증상이 뚜렷하지 않아 농가의 각별한 주의가 요구되고 있는 상황이다. 2024 AI, 무엇이 다를까. 지금까지의 발생상황과 함께 이번 AI의 특징을 알아본다.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.209-215
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• 1999

Changes of malate dehydrogenase isozyme in oyster exposed to different temperature, pH and salinity were investigated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. MDH isozyme in control group was separated into two bands on the positive side. In case of temperature and pH stress, MDH isozyme was separated into only one band after 12 hours exposure but two bands after 24, 48 hours exposure on the positive side. In case of salinity stress, after 12 hours exposure, MDH isozyme bands were separated into two bands in 5 ppt, 30 ppt and three bands in 10 ppt, 40 ppt concentration on the positive side. After 24 hours and 48 hours exposure case in salinity stress, MDH isozyme bands was separated into two bands on the positive side in all concentration. Activities of isozyme bands show their characteristics according to the condition of experiment. In conclusion, changes of MDH isozyme was a biochemical defense mechanism in oyster and result from effect of environmental stress to oyster.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.357-366
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• 1993

Background: Lung clearance of inhaled $^{99m}Tc$-DTPA reflects alveolar epithelial permeability and it had been reported as more sensitive than conventional pulmonary function tests in detecting lung epithelial damage. However, measuring lung clearance of inhaled $^{99m}Tc$-DTPA by gamma camera may not always reflect alveolar epithelial permeability exactly because it is influenced by mucociliary clearance depending on the site of particle deposition. Moreover, this method takes much time and patient's effort because he has to sit or lie still in front of the camera for a prolonged period. Most of the absorbed DTPA is excreted in urine within 24 hours and the amount of excreted DTPA in urine during the first few hours after inhalation is influenced by absorption rate which is correlated with the alveolar-epithelial permeability suggesting that the urinary excretion, especially in first few hours, may be an alternate index for lung clearance. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of ratio of excreted $^{99m}Tc$-DTPA in 2 hour and 24 hour urine as an index of alveolar-epithelial damage. Methods: Pulmonary function tests including diffusing capacity and lung clearance of $^{99m}Tc$-DTPA measured by gama camera ($T_{1/2}$) and 2hr/24hr urine excretion ratio (Ratio) of inhaled $^{99m}Tc$-DTPA in 8 normal subjects and 14 patients with diffuse interstitial lung disease were compared. Results: 1) In the normal control, there was significant negative correlation between the $T_{1/2}$ and the Ratio (r=-0.77, p<0.05). In patients with diffuse interstitial lung disease, there also was significant negative correlation between $T_{1/2}$ and Ratio(r=-0.63, p<0.05). 2) In diffuse interstitial lung disease patients, the $T_{1/2}$ was $38.65{\pm}11.63$ min which was significantly lower than that of normal control, $55.53{\pm}11.15$ min and the Ratio was $52.15{\pm}10.07%$ also signifantly higher than that of the normal control, $40.43{\pm}5.53%$ (p<0.05). 3) There was no significant correlations between $T_{1/2}$ or Ratio and diffusing capactiy of lung in both patients and controls (p>0.05). Conclusion: These results suggests that 2hr/24hr urine excretion ratio of inhaled $^{99m}Tc$-DTPA is a useful simple bedside test in assessing alveolar epithelial permeability and that it may be used as an additive follow-up test in patients with diffuse interstitial lung disease complementing conventional pulmonary function tests.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.35 no.1A
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• pp.33-43
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• 2010

Recently, users want to use real-time multimedia services, such as internet, VoIP, etc., using their IEEE 802.11 wireless lan mobile stations. In order to provide such services, a handoff among access points is essential to support the mobility of a node, in such an wide area. However, the legacy handoff methods of IEEE 802.11 technology are easy to lose connections. Also, the recognition of a disconnection and channel re-searching time make the major delay of the next AP to connect. In addition, because IEEE 802.11 decides the selection of an AP depending only on received signal strength, regardless of a node direction, position, etc., it cannot guarantee a stable bandwidth for communication. Therefore, in order to provide a real-time multimedia service, a node must reduce the disconnection time and needs an appropriate algorithm to support a sufficient communication bandwidth. In this paper, we suggest an algorithm which predicts a handoff point of a moving node by using GPS location information, and guarantees a high transmission bandwidth according to the signal strength and the distance. We implemented the suggested algorithm, and confirmed the superiority of our algorithm by reducing around 3.7ms of the layer-2 disconnection time, and guaranteed 24.8% of the communication bandwidth.

• Monthly Duck's Village
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• s.167
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• pp.86-89
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• 2017

작년 11월부터 급작스레 AI 발생이 늘어나면서 2016년 11월 28일부터 도압장에 대한 엄격한 차단방역이 시행되고 있다. 특히 전남도본부에서는 각 사무소별로 담당 도압장을 지정 전담하여 가축방역사를 배치하고, 도압장의 생체차량 진 출입 시 차량내 외부의 소독 실시 및 확인, 대인소독 여부 등을 점검하는 업무를 주 야간 24시간 체계로 실시하고 있다. 또한 질병 검사 후 지자체에서 발행하는 기금류이동승인서 및 차량 이동시 지참해야 하는 소독필증 등을 꼼꼼히 확언함으로서 고병원성 조류인플루엔자 조기종식 및 확산방지를 위하여 방역현장 최일선에서 최선의 노력을 기울이고 있다. 여기에 더하여 이곳 다솔에는 오랜 경험을 바탕으로 한 가금도축검사원 3명이 포진되어, 생산되는 오리 제품의 안전성을 철저하게 확인하며 철통태세를 갖추고 있다.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.321-330
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• 2020

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of copper (II) chloride (CuCl₂) on zebrafish. Zebrafish were exposed to various CuCl₂ concentrations and subjected to different exposure times to determine the median lethal concentration (LC₅₀) values. To evaluate stress responses, we measured whole-body cortisol levels and behavioral parameters using the open field test (OFT) or the novel tank test (NTT). The zebrafish were exposed to CuCl₂ solution at concentrations of 1.5-150 ㎍/l or a vehicle for 1 hr before behavioral tests or sample collection for whole-body cortisol. The LC₅₀ values were 30.3, 25.3, and 14.8 ㎍/l at 24, 48, and 96 hr, respectively. The NTT showed that mobility, velocity, and distance covered were significantly lower in zebrafish exposed to CuCl₂ than in the control group (p<0.05), while the turn angle was significantly higher in zebrafish exposed to a CuCl₂ concentration of 150 ㎍/l than in the control group (p<0.05). The OFT also showed that mobility, velocity, and distance covered were significantly lower and the turn angle and meandering were significantly higher in zebrafish exposed to all concentrations of CuCl₂ than in the control group (p<0.05). The whole-body cortisol levels were significantly higher in zebrafish exposed to CuCl₂ than in the control group (p<0.05). These results suggest that exposure to lethal CuCl₂ concentrations induces an intense toxic and stress response in zebrafish, causing behavioral changes and increasing whole-body cortisol levels.

• Defense and Technology
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• no.1 s.155
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• pp.23-29
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• 1992

효과적인 $C^3I$체계 구축을 위해서는 조기경보/전장감시용 정보수집장비의 보완이 시급하므로 이에 대한 많은 연구개발 투자가 필요하며 조기경보/전장감시 정보의 신속한 처리/전파를 위한 정보처리 기법을 계속 연구 발전시켜 나가야 할 것이다. $C^3I$체계의 운용 능력 목표 수준은 한반도의 자연환경하에서 온도, 습도, 먼지, 곰팡이 및 이동시 충격등 제약조건에 대한 내구성이 충분하고 24시간 계속 운용이 가능하며, 고장시 복구 및 Back-up 기능이 지원 가능하도록 되어야 할 것으로 본다

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.17-24
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• 2021

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) can be fabricated through solution process economically with variable bandgap that is controlled by composition of precursor solution. Tandem cells in which PSCs combined with silicon solar cells have potential to reach high power conversion efficiency over 30%, however, lack of long-term stability of PSCs is an obstacle to commercialization. Degradation of PSCs is mainly attributed to the mass transport of halide and metal electrode materials. In order to ensure the long-term stability, the mass transport should be inhibited. In this study, we confirmed degradation behaviors due to the mass transport in PSCs and designed buffer layers with LiF and/or SnO₂ to improve the long-term stability by suppressing the mass transport. Under high-temperature storage test at 85℃, PSCs without the buffer layers were degraded by forming PbI₂, AgI, and the delta phase of the perovskite material, while PSCs with the buffer layers showed improved stability with keeping the original phase of the perovskite. When the LiF buffer and encapsulation were applied to PSCs, superior long-term stability on 85℃-85% RH dump heat test was achieved; efficiency drop was not observed after 200 h. It was also confirmed that 90.6% of the initial efficiency was maintained after 200 hours of maximum power tracking test under AM 1.5G-1SUN illumination. Here, we have demonstrated that the buffer layer is essential to achieve long-term stability of PSCs.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.15 no.3 s.70
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• pp.468-473
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• 2005

The coastal regions of Yeosu, the South Sea of Korea, has occurred annually the red tide which is caused by potentially ichthyotoxic dinoflagellate C. polykrikoides, with a wide avenue for exchange with oceanic waters and freshwater runoff from Sumjin river. We attempted to examine the variability in response to vertical migration and concentration of extracted DNA/RNA of C. polykrikoides exposed to salinity-stratified waters. The experimental aquarium of the 60 liter was employed to culture C. polykrikoides. One aquarium was supplied with only sea water, the other was consisted of sea water and freshwater. Experiment was conducted for 5 days. In experimental column (mixture of freshwater and sea water), salinity was maintained to 20 at upper and approximately 30 at bottom during the period of this study. The fluctuation with related to dissolved oxygen and pH was similar pattern to both columns. Chlorophyll a was significantly higher value at upper than bottom. During 24h, chlorphyll a on experimental column was extremely high on the top as soon as lighting, compared with control. With elapsed time, the gap between experimental and control columns was a little. In darkness, chlorophyll a was not significantly different between upper and bottom, most cells appeared to randomly distribute on column regardless of water layer. Fluctuation with related to concentration of extracted DNA and RNA based on ratio of absorbance of 260 and 280 nm in experimental column was higher at final day or diel migration than control. These results implied that a large volume of freshwater could be associated with influence of concentration of DNA and RNA, in particular, rapid upward movement caused massive fish kills as soon as sunset.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.661-664
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• 2020

In this paper, we propose a maritime region segmentation method and a segment-based destination prediction method for vessel path prediction. In order to perform maritime segmentation, clustering on destination candidates generated from the past paths is conducted. Then the segment-based destination prediction is followed. For destination prediction, different prediction methods are applied according to whether the current region is linear or not. In the linear domain, the vessel is regarded to move constantly, and linear prediction is applied. In the nonlinear domain with an uncertainty, we assume that the vessel moves similarly to the most similar past path. Experimental results show that applying the linear prediction and the prediction method using a similar path differently depending on the linearity and the uncertainty of the path is better than applying one of them alone.