• Korean Journal of Occupational Therapy
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.43-55
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• 2018

Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of fidget spinner training on the hand function and handwriting legibility of lower grade elementary school studens. Methods : This study randomly assigned a study group of 12 children and control group of 12 children from 24 children in grade 1 and 2 (ages 7 through 8), whose are dominantly right handed. The study used was a pre-post process. The intervention was conducted only on the study group twice a week for 5 weeks and for 40 minutes per session, for a total of ten sessions. The measuring instruments used to compare the hand functions and handwriting legibility were the Jebsen-Taylor Hand Function Test, Grip Strength Test, and Legibility Test. The data analysis used a Wilcoxon signed rank, Mann-Whitney U and Chi-Square cross analysis. Results : The fidget spinner training showed significant improvement in the study group's hand function(grip strength and handwriting legibility) and a significant difference was shown between the control and study groups. Conclusion : This study confirmed the value and utility of a fidget spinner as a tool for improving the hand function and handwriting legibility of elementary school students in lower grades. Future studies are expected to verify the effectiveness of the fidget spinner training based on the present study.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2023.05a
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• pp.10-10
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• 2023

본질적으로 복잡하고 다양한 특성을 가지는 우리나라(도시, 농어촌, 도서산간, 섬 등)의 물 공급 시스템은 생활수준의 향상, 기후변화 및 가뭄위기, 소비환경 중심의 요구와 한정된 수자원을 잘 활용하기 위한 운영 및 관리가 매우 복잡하다. 이로 인한 수자원 고갈과 가뭄위기 등에 관련한 대책 및 방안으로 대체수자원인 지하수 활용방안들이 제시되고 있다. 따라서, 물 관리 시스템과 관련한 디지털 기술은 오늘날 플랫폼과 디지털 트윈의 도입을 통해 네트워크와 가상현실 세계의 연결이 통합되어진 4차 산업혁명 사업이 현실화되고 있다. 물 관리 시스템에 사용된 새로운 디지털 기술 "BDA(Big Data Analytics), CPS(Cyber Physical System), IoT(Internet of Things), CC(Cloud Computing), AI(Artificial Intelligence)" 등의 성장이 증가함에 따라 가뭄대응 위기와 도시 지하수 물 순환 시스템 운영이 증가하는 소비자 중심의 수요를 충족시키기 위해서는 지속가능한 지하수 공급을 효과적으로 관리되어야 한다. 4차 산업혁명과 관련한 기술성장이 증가함으로 인한 물 부문은 시스템의 지속가능성을 향상시키기 위해 전체 디지털화 단계로 이동하고 있다. 이러한 디지털 전환의 핵심은 데이터에 관한 것이며, 이를 활용하여 가치 창출을 위해서 "Digital Groundwater Technology/Twin(DGT)"를 극대화하는 방식으로 제고해야 한다. 현재 당면하고 있는 기후위기에 따른 가뭄, 홍수, 녹조, 탁수, 대체수자원 등의 수자원 재해에 대한 다양한 대응 방안과 수자원 확보 기술이 논의되고 있다. 이에 따른 "물 순환 시스템"의 이해와 함께 문제해결 방안도출을 위하여 이번 "기획 세션"에서는 지하수 수량 및 수질, 정수, 모니터링, 모델링, 운영/관리 등의 수자원 데이터의 플랫폼 동시성 구축으로부터 역동적인 "DGT"을 통한 디지털 트윈화하여, 지표수-토양-지하수 분야의 특화된 연직 프로파일링 관측기술을 다각도로 모색하고자 한다. "Digital Groundwater(DG)"는 지하수의 물 순환, 수량 및 수질 관리, 지표수-지하수 순환 및 모니터링, 지하수 예측 모델링 통합연계를 위해 지하수 플랫폼 동시성, ChatGPT, CPS 및 DT 등의 복합 디지털화 단계로 나가고 있다. 복잡한 지하환경의 이해와 관리 및 보존을 위한 지하수 네트워크에서 수량과 수질 데이터를 수집하기 위한 스마트 지하수 관측기술 개발은 큰 도전이다. 스마트 지하수 관측기술은 BD분석, AI 및 클라우드 컴퓨팅 등의 디지털 기술에 필요한 획득된 데이터 분석에 사용되는 알고리즘의 복잡성과 데이터 품질에 따라 영향을 미칠 수 있기 때문이다. "DG"는 지하수의 정보화 및 네트워크 운영관리 자동화, 지능화 등을 위한 디지털 도구를 활용함으로써 지표수-토양층-지하수 네트워크 통합관리에 대한 비전을 만들 수 있다. 또한, DGT는 지하수 관측센서의 1차원 데이터 융합을 이용한 지하수 플랫폼 동시성과 디지털 트윈을 연계할 수 있다.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.137-159
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• 2017

This study divides manufacturing in 18 countries including Korea, China, Japan and OECD countries into 11 areas and estimates and compares the technological efficiency of each industry. The traditional view of productivity is to increase production capacity through technological innovation or process innovation, but it is also influenced by the technological efficiency of production process. A Stochastic Frontier Production Model (SFM) is a representative method for estimating the technical efficiency of such production. First, as a result of estimating the production function by setting the output variable as total output or value-added, in both cases, the output increased significantly in all manufacturing sectors as inputs of labor, capital, and intermediate increased. On the other hand, R&D investment has a large impact on output in chemical, electronics, and machinery industries. Next, as a result of estimating the technological efficiency through the production function, when the total output is set as the output variable, the overall average of each sector is 0.8 or more, showing mostly high efficiency. However, when value-added was set, Japan had the highest level in most manufacturing sectors, while other countries were lower than the efficiency of the total output. Comparing the three countries of Korea, China and Japan, Japan showed the highest efficiency in most manufacturing sectors, and Korea was about half or one third of Japan and China was lower than Korea. However, in the food and electronics sectors, China is higher than Korea, indicating that China's production efficiency has greatly improved. As such, Korea is not able to narrow its gap with Japan relatively faster than China's rapid growth. Therefore, various policy supports are needed to promote technology development. In addition, in order to improve manufacturing productivity, it is necessary to shift to an economic structure that can raise technological efficiency as well as technology development.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.109-115
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• 2011

This study was carried out to investigate the plant growth of various ferns affected by the shading and fertilizer application and to recommend the appropriate levels of light intensity. Evergreen ferns like Dryopteris nipponensis Koidz., Cyrtomium falcatum (L. f.) Presl, Onychium japonicum (Thunb.) Kunze and deciduous ferns like Athyrium niponicum (Mett.) Hence, Thelypteris decursive-pinnata Ching, Athyrium brevifrons Kodama ex Nakai were used in this experiment. Evergreen ferns showed the best growth in the shading level of 30~60%. The plant growth and ornamental value (leaf color) of these plants were improved according to the fertilizer application in appropriate shading levels. The survival rate remained constantly in all treatments. Deciduous ferns showed the best growth in different shading levels from 0 to 60%. Some treatments showed improved growth according to fertilizer application, whereas survival rate was in the other treatments. There were differences in plant growth of evergreen and deciduous ferns according to fertilizer application, and additional researches must be executed to explain these reponses.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.196-205
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• 2017

In recent years, the service design in the medical sector evolves through practical service research and development that can visualize both intangible and intangible service elements in an integrative way and derive innovative solutions to help customers feel the service more important value. With the improvement of personal income, interest in medical welfare and well-being is increasing day by day, and the focus of the medical sector shifts from the concept of treatment of diseases and illness to preventive medicine. In response to this trend, research and development of home health care system, which greatly reduces the time and space constraint of health checkup and health care by combining ubiquitous concept with medical welfare, are being actively conducted, and the needs for improving products and medical environment based on user-centered medical service and user needs in accordance with the Health Care 3.0 Era, it becomes necessary to develop on-site medical diagnostic products that reflect user-centered needs and needs. This study is intended to research and develop a product that sufficiently reflects the needs of users by applying suitable materials and shape for on-site diagnostic product in researching and developing Wireless X-ray Detector.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.347-354
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• 2014

Economic evaluation of the manufacturing technology of high-value chemicals through the carbonation reaction of carbon dioxide contained in the flue gas was performed, and analysis of the IRR (Internal Rate of Return) and whole profit along the production plan of the final product was conducted. Through a carbonation reaction with sodium hydroxide that is generated from electrolysis and by using carbon dioxide in the combustion gas that is generated in the power plant, it is possible to get a high value products such as sodium bicarbonate compound and also to reduce the carbon dioxide emission simultaneously. The IRR (Internal Rate of Return) and NPV (Net Present Value) methods were used for the economic evaluation of the process which could handle carbon dioxide of 100 tons per day in the period of the 20 years of plant operation. The results of economic evaluation showed that the IRR of baseline case of technology was 67.2% and the profit that obtained during the whole operation period (20 years) was 346,922 million won based on NPV value. When considering ETS due to the emissions trading enforcement that will be activated in 2015, the NPV was improved to a 6,000 million won. Based on this results, it could be concluded that this $CO_2$ carbonation technology is an cost-effective technology option for the reduction of greenhouse gas.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.12
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• pp.521-528
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• 2017

Excessive alcohol consumption is one of the leading causes of many neurological diseases, such as dementia and Alzheimer's disease, and many efforts are under way to solve them. Red ginseng is known to enhance neuronal survival, inhibit apoptosis, and promote nerve regeneration of nerve cells. This study examined whether Rg3-enriched Korean red ginseng extract (KRG) inhibits the apoptosis of PC12 cells caused by alcohol-induced neurotoxicity and how KRG regulates several factors related to the caspase mediated pathway. In this way, the cell survival rate and apoptosis rate of PC12 cells were measured using an EZ-Cytox cell viability assay kit and flow cytometry, respectively. The expression of the apoptosis-related proteins (Bcl-2, Bid, Bax and caspase-3) were analyzed by western blotting, and the significance of the measured results was confirmed using the ANOVA method. As a result, KRG increased the expression of Bcl-2; inhibited the expression of Bid, Bax, and caspase-3; and inhibited the apoptosis of alcohol-induced PC12 cells. These results mean that the KRG-induced increase in Bcl-2 expression and down-regulation of Bid and Bax expression down-regulate caspase-3 expression, which in turn inhibits the mitochondrial apoptotic pathways. This study suggests that KRG is worth developing as a neuroprotective agent candidate.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.315-325
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• 2015

Recently, livestock breeding is more focused on the meat quality rather than meat quantity, mainly due to the improvement of consumers' income. Among the meat quality traits, meat color is one of very important traits because meat color is the first selection criterion from the consumers in the market. Most of the economically important traits have continuous variations and these are called quantitative traits. the genomic locations affecting these traits are called quantitative trait locus (QTL), which is mostly controlled by many genes having small effects. In this study, the recent QTL and candidate gene studies were reviewed in order to meet the consumers' demand for the future market. In the chicken QTL database, three traits are related with meat colors, namely breast color (Bco), meat color (Mco), drip loss (DL) and pH. The identified number of QTLs is 33 from 13 chromosomal regions. In these QTL regions, 14 candidate genes were identified; Eight for meat color (APP, BCMO1, COL1A2, FTO, KPNA2, PSMD12, G0S2, FTSJ3), two for drip loss (AGRP, FTO) and four for pH (GALNT1, PCDH19, DIAPH1, SPP2). These QTLs and candidate genes need to be confirmed and fine mapping is ultimately needed for identification of causative variations. The recently developed chicken resource population using Korean native chicken can be used for the improvement of meat quality traits, which increase the value that needed in the chicken industry.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.1731-1736
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• 2007

본 연구에서는 체가름 시험을 통해 얻은 대표입경으로 조도계수를 산정하고 그 산정된 조도계수의 효용을 검정하고자 하였다. 체가름 분석을 통해 입도곡선을 작성하고 대표입경을 구함으로서 기 수립된 공식에 의한 조도계수를 산정하였다. 산정된 조도계수는 HEC-HMS의 하도추적 방법 중에 하나인 Muskingum-Cunge 8 point 방법과 HEC-RAS의 부정류 해석을 이용한 방법으로 얻은 조도계수를 비교하였다. HEC-HMS의 경우 대상유역인 오산천 유역에 대해 선행연구과정으로 저수지 방류량을 고려한 강우-유출 모형의 매개변수 추정에 관한 연구가 이뤄졌다(2006, 이아름). 선행연구에서는 계산된 유량과 실측 유량을 비교하여 Clark 단위도 방법의 매개변수를 추정하여 그 중 빈도가 큰 유출사상의 경우에 Sabol 식에 의한 모의 결과가 첨두유량의 재현성이 우수하게 나타남을 확인했다. 따라서 HEC-HMS 모형은 Clark 단위도 방법의 매개변수는 Sabol의 식에 의해 모형을 구성하고 2001년, 2002년, 2004년, 2005년의 사상에 대해 강우량, 기흥 저수지와 이동저수지의 실제 방류량을 이용해 유출량을 산정하였다. 이중 오산천 유역에 대해 선행연구에서 사용된 Muskingum의 하도추적 방법은 Muskingum-Cunge 8 point 방법으로 변경하여 대상유역에서의 조도계수를 산정하였다. HEC-RAS 모형의 부정류 해석은 2002년과 2005년의 사상으로서 상류단 경계조건으로 기흥 저수지의 방류량을 유량수문곡선으로 이용하였고, 하류단 경계조건으로는 회화수위관측소의 수위수문곡선을 이용했다. 대표입경을 이용해 얻은 조도계수를 HEC-HMS, HEC-RAS를 통해 검정한 결과 실측된 유량과 수위를 비교적 잘 재현해 내는 것으로 나타났으나, 조도계수의 보정을 통한 재현 유량과 수위를 비교했을 때, 대표입경을 통해 얻은 조도계수가 보정 조도계수보다 다소 작은 것으로 해석되었다.하고자 한다.해결책을 얻어내는 상호보완적인 결과를 추구한다. 그가 디자인하는 작품은 전형적인 이미지를 내포하지 않는다. 즉 그의 작품은 기존의 가치와 이념적인 것은 배제하고, 창의적인 개념을 도출하였다.형모서리는 건물 특화 성격이 강하므로 불가피할 경우 소형 액센트 광고 위치를 미리 벽면으로 할애하는 것이 경관 및 입면계획에 유리한 것으로 분석되었다. 불확실도 해석모형 등의 새로운 기능을 추가하여 제시하였다. 모든 입출력자료는 프로젝트 단위별로 운영되어 data의 관리가 손쉽도록 하였으며 결과를 DB에 저장하여 다른 모형에서도 적용할 수 있도록 하였다. 그리고 HyGIS-HMS 및 HyGIS-RAS 모형에서 강우-유출-하도 수리해석-범람해석 등이 일괄되게 하나의 시스템 내에서 구현될 수 있도록 하였다. 따라서 HyGIS와 통합된 수리, 수문모형은 국내 하천 및 유역에 적합한 시스템으로서 향후 HydroInformatics 구현을 염두에 둔 특화된 국내 수자원 분야 소프트웨어의 개발에 기본 토대를 제공할 것으로 판단된다.았다. 또한 저자들의 임상병리학적 연구결과가 다른 문헌에서 보고된 소아 신증후군의 연구결과와 큰 차이를 보이지 않음을 알 수 있었다. 자극에 차이가 있지 않나 추측되며 이에 관한 추후 연구가 요망된다. 총대장통과시간의 단축은 결장 분절 모두에서 줄어들어 나타났으나 좌측결장 통과시간의 감소 및 이로 인한 이 부위의 통과시간 비율의 저하가 가장 주요하였다. 이러한 결과는 차가운 생수 섭취가 주로 결장 근위부를 자극하는 효과를 발휘하는 것이 아닌가 해석된다. 이와 같은 연구결과를 통해 생다시마를 주원료로 개발된 생다시마차와 생다시마 음료가 만성 기능성 변비 증세를 개선하는 효능이 잠재적으로 있음을 확인하였다. 그러나 생약제재의 변비약 수준으로 변비 개선 효능을 증대하기 위해서는 재료 배합비의 개선이나 대장 운동기능을 향상시키는 유효성분의 보강 등이 필요하다는 점도 알 수 있었다.더불어

• Resources Recycling
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.11-17
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• 1999

This study was carried out to investigate the efficiency of stcclmaldng slag and sludge in removing metals existing in wastewater or leachate. Laboratory experiments were performed as a function of initial concentration of metals. pH a and temperature of the background solution and the presence of che1ating agent, EDTA. The test conditions were temperatures r ranging from $25^{\circ}C$ to $50^{\circ}C$; initial concentrations varying from 5mg/L to 50 mg/L; pH between 3 and 11; and Cu. Cd‘ and Pb a as adsorbates. The results of tests showed that overall rates of metals removal were 20~30% at pH 3 and greater than 90% at p pH 7 and 11. Metals were removed from the solution predominantly via adsorption in acidic conditions, and the combined e effects of adsorption and precipitation in neutral and alkaline conditions. In view of the test results and other engineering c characteristics of steelmaking slag and sludg$\xi$, these industrial by-products from steel industry have a high potential to be used l in wastewater treatment and are particularly beneficial when used as landfill liner additives due to thelJ ability to remove heavy m metals from leachate.