• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.105-138
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• 2018

This paper reports novel empirical results of a choice experiment that elicited the economic values that residents in the Seoul metropolitan area place on the amenity services realized from the landscape views and accessibilities to urban green spaces (i.e., mountains, rivers and urban parks). The 1,000 respondents in the sample were divided into two residential of housing types (apartments vs. houses) and occupancy types (owners vs. tenants). Residents living in apartments are willing to pay an average of 28% (5.0 million KRW per year) above the current housing prices per household for a mountain view, compared to an apartment view from their living room. Their willingness to pay values are about 22% (4.0 million KRW per year) and 10% (1.8 million KRW per year) respectively for a river view and a urban park view. Economic benefits of having access (i.e., a 10 minutes working distance) to mountains, rivers and urban parks are estimated to be an average of 16% (2.9 million KRW per year), 20% (3.6 million KRW per year) and 18% (3.2 million KRW per year), respectively, above the current housing prices per household. On the other hand, access benefits for those residing in houses are 18% (4.7 million KRW per year), 16% (4.1 million KRW per year) and 22% (5.6 million KRW per year) per household, respectively. They are also willing to pay an average of 35% (8.9 million KRW per year) above the current housing prices for keeping or having a garden or vegetation bed. Furthermore, a strong "greenspace premium" is centered around the three Gangnam districts for house-dwellers, whereas it is areas of "new real estate boom" for apartment dwellers.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.50 no.5
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• pp.460-471
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to investigate intake-related factors of energy drinks and educational needs regarding energy drinks in female high school students. Methods: Subjects were 340 female high school students in Incheon, and data were collected using self-administered questionnaires. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS 20.0 program. Results: Subjects who had drunk energy drinks were 74.3% (249 subjects) of all subjects. The first time they drank an energy drink was significantly associated with grade (p < 0.05). In 75.1% of 249 subjects who had drunk energy drinks, the places for buying energy drinks were supermarkets and convenience stores near their homes. For the effects of energy drink intake, sleeplessness (44.6%) and no effect (41.7%) were cited, and 24.5% experienced side effects such as palpitation, tremors, etc. The scores for self-diagnosis of caffeine addiction were significantly higher in the low weight group compared to the overweight group (p < 0.05). The degree of caffeine addiction was significantly associated with effects of energy drink intake (p < 0.001) and type of side effects (p < 0.001). Willingness to stop consuming energy drinks (p < 0.001) and necessity of nutrition education about energy drinks (p < 0.05) were significantly lower in the caffeine addiction group compared to the general group. About 75.0% of subjects wanted to be educated about the side effects of energy drinks and caffeine. Conclusion: This study shows that female high school students need proper education about the effects of intake of energy drinks. Therefore, guidelines and a nutrition education program right intake of energy drinks should be provided as well as campaigns concerning the side effects of energy drinks and caffeine in female high school students.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.223-230
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• 2015

Eggs are an important source of protein for the human diet. Consumers want fresher, more delicious and more sanitary eggs. In Korea, the Shell Egg Grading system (EGS) was employed in 2001. The portion of graded shell eggs has increased every year, but graded shell eggs account for only 6% of all eggs. The EGS should satisfy producers, distributors and consumers. However, the EGS does not have an official function because of many problems. Consumers cannot select various graded shell eggs in the market, and producers do not receive enough profit even though they produce top-quality graded shell eggs. There are few studies on the EGS, Therefore, this study was performed to improve the EGS. We surveyed the EGS, GP Centers and farmers. Large companies (farmers) are more satisfied than small companies with the EGS. There was a high tendency for the companies (farmers) that are not involved with the EGS to think that graded and ungraded shell eggs are similar, in contrast to the companies (farmers) connected to the EGS. We should have to change the grading system of grade shell eggs, establish of the cold chain system, change of the law for the school meals, minimize payment for the grading shell eggs for developing EGS. Based on this study, the egg industry can benefit through the improvement of the EGS.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.142-148
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• 1997

This study was carried out to clarify seasonal changes of chemical compositions and their interrelation in leaves, shoots and berries treated with gibberellin($GA$_{3}$)for seedless grapes in ‘Delaware’grapevines. the clusters were dipped twice with 100ppm $GA_{3}$: 10 days befor and after the full bloom. The reaults obtained as follows; 1. Cumulative growth curve of berry fresh weight showed a double sigmoid curve and the characteristics of three distinctive growth stages(I, II, III)were weekened with $GA_{3}$ treatment. 2. while the contents of ash, total carbon, total nitrogen and total carbohydratd had little reation with edvelopment and ripeness of berries, those of total sugar and starch jad close relation, viz., they decreased with enlargement and maturity fo berries, but increased rapidly after harvest in leaves and shoots. Especially, total sugars in leaves and shoots decreased coincidently with starch-increasing in shoots at November. 3. The contents of total soluble solid and reducing sugar in berries increased rapidly at growth stage III, but those of total titratable acidity and organic acid decreased coincidently with sugar-increasing. 4. The berry-hardness increased until growth stage I, and then stagnated until gtowth stage II, and then increased rapidly at growth stage III. pH of berry-juice decreased until growth stageII, afterwards increased at growth stage III. 5. By correlation and path coefficient analysis between qualitative characters and the ratio of total soluble solid to titratable acidity($^{\circ}$Brix/Acidity), total correlation coefficients were all highly significant. Of these characters, pH and viscosity of berry-juice were positive, but brightness and hardness of berry, negative. The direct effect of pH on $^{\circ}$Brix/Acidity ratio, p4y=0.9090, was large positively and those of berry-hardness and juice-viscosity, p1y=0, 5938, median and, p2y=0, 3550, small, respectively. Direct effect of brightness was negatively small.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.225-230
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• 2014

This study investigates the effect of organic certification of apples on consumer preference in China as a way to support the expanded export of Korean apples to China. A choice experiment was designed to analyze the apple consumption in China. A total of 298 Chinese consumers answered the survey, and multinomial logit models were used to analyze the results. Organic certification was identified as an important determinant of consumer preference for apples in China, affecting both the evaluation and choice of country of origin. The results also indicated that Korean organic certification significantly increased the probability of Chinese consumers choosing Korean apples. Thus, organic certification by the Korean government should be strengthened to promote apple exports to China, plus the results of this study may provide useful information to promote agricultural product exports and improve the organic certification system.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.270-279
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• 2018

Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess the patients' perception, acceptance, and preference of the difference between a conventional impression and digital impression through questionnaire survey. Materials and Methods: Thirteen (6 male, 7 female) subjects who experienced both digital and conventional impression at the same day were enrolled in this study. Conventional impression were taken with polyvinylsiloxane and digital impression were performed using a newly developed intra-oral scanner. Immediately after the two impressions were made, a survey was conducted with the standardized questionnaires consisting of the following three categories; 1) general dental treatment 2) satisfaction of conventional impression 3) satisfaction of digital impression. The perceived source of satisfaction was evaluated using Likert scale. The distribution of the answers was assessed by percentages and statistical analyses were performed with the paired t-test, and P < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: There were significant differences of the overall satisfaction between two impression methods (P < 0.05). Digital impression showed high satisfaction in less shortness of breath and odor to participants compared to conventional impression. The use of an oral scanner resulted in a discomfort of TMJ due to prolonged mouth opening and in lower score of the scanner tip size. Conclusion: It was confirmed that the preference for the digital impression using intraoral scanner is higher than the conventional impression. Most survey participants said they would recommend the digital impression to others and said they preferred it for future prosthetic treatment.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.349-356
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• 2018

The demand for medical care and welfare for patients with disabilities is expanding, and healthcare professionals are also increasingly interested in the need for medical care for patients with disabilities. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the competency of disabled patients' management and the education experience of dental hygiene students, who are the main players of oral health care for disabled patients. A total of 196 students in the dental hygiene department and 3rd and 4th grade students were surveyed using questionnaires. As a result, most of the students had a positive awareness of disabled patients; 84.7% answered with the need to train dental hygienists in specializing in handicapped patients, 76.5% were willing to attend seminars related to disabled patients after graduation, and 71.4% of the students provided dental treatment for patients with disabilities in curriculum and comparative curriculum. The students who provided treatment for disabled patients showed that their competence in most areas of knowledge of disabled patients, oral health education, and oral disease prevention was highly evaluated as significant. The competence of respondents who answered that the theoretical education was sufficient was significantly higher. Based on this, institutional support for the education of dentistry for disabled patients is needed, and sufficient theoretical education and practical training should be offered to foster personnel capable of contributing to the improvement in the oral health of patients with disabilities. In addition, in-depth discussions on the training of dental hygienists specialized in handicapped patients should be conducted.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.18-43
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• 2011

The results of study on planting and cultivate of Hong Man-Seon(1643~1715)'s 'Salimkyungjae(The Economy of Forest)' the first summative textbook of agricultural skill of South Korea, are as follows. First, 'Salimkyungjae' suggests that one can enrich oneself, eat fruits in fall, enjoy the shade of trees in summer, and enjoy flowers in spring if one plants tree with 10 year plan with knowledge of ecology. Second, the number of plants had increased continuously from the early Chosun Dynasty to the mid Chosun Dynasty. The 52 plants in the book are classified into 31 trees, 8 shrubs, 3 others, and 10 herbs, and 28 of them are fruit trees. Hence, we can see that the book is for the promotion of welfare. Third, planting(transplantation) is the best on January of the lunar calendar, and the second on February, and fertile soil should be added much. Trees must be planted as deep as once it was planted, and buttressed. It will sprout well if it is planted at the depth of one inch, and planting a cutting should be carried out at the early March with 5 inch and finger-thick branches. Grafting is the best when it begins to sprout. Fruit trees will bear many fruits if they are grafted at the direction of South, and fruits will be greater if the trees' branches are cutting off on January. Especially, January was selected for the best season of planting traditionally. Fourth, flower trees are planted or sowed with manure around January and February of the lunar calendar, and it is recommended to replant them into flowerpots with manure when having flower buds around March and April of the lunar calendar. It would bloom earlier when using water mixed with stable manure, and sulfur smoke can be used in order to change the flower color from red to white. Flowerpots would be placed at half shaded lot with being supported by bricks. Pomegranate, gardenia, camellia and four-season flower should be planted after flowers fallen. When flower trees are beside walls, they need to be rotated frequently since their branches all point toward house. Seeds need to be preserved in a sunny hut, where its entrance and ventilating openings would be at south because it is convenient to manage pots. Fifth, insects hidden at fruit trees would be destroyed by torch smoke when roosters cry on New year's day of the lunar calendar. Insects would be decoyed into straw hanged at dawn of Cheongmyeongday(淸明日). Insects on fruit trees would be controlled using sulfur powder to close up holes or sulfur smoke to fumigate. Particularly, it suggests that utilization of fertile soil would be the best solution for growing health plants and preventing pest.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.52 no.5
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• pp.475-487
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• 2019

Purpose: With the increase of going out to eat, reducing the sodium in restaurant foods has a crucial impact on reducing sodium intake. This study aimed to assess the current status and perceptions of restaurant staffs related to reducing sodium use in restaurants. Methods: Restaurant managers and chefs (n = 312) in Seongnam area completed a questionnaire on the current status related to sodium use, the barriers to practice for reducing sodium use, support needs, and the practicability of methods for reducing sodium use in restaurants. Results: The percentage of restaurants in the preaction stage (including the precontemplation, contemplation, and preparation stages) for reducing sodium use was 79.7%. Logistic regression analysis showed that measuring salinity while cooking was associated with measuring seasoning (OR, 4.761; 95% CI, 2.325 ~ 9.751), action/maintenance stages of behavior change (OR, 2.829; 95% CI, 1.449 ~ 5.525) and providing salinity information of restaurant foods (OR, 6.314; 95% CI, 2.964 ~ 13.45). Maintaining taste and hindering the cooking process were the main barriers to reduce sodium use. The total practicability of actions for reducing sodium was higher in staffs who worked in restaurants that measured seasoning and salinity while cooking (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively). The hardest item to practice was 'purchase foods after comparing sodium content in the nutrition labeling'. 'Avoid serving salt-fermented foods as side dishes', 'serve small portions of kimchi and less salty kimchi', and 'put up promotional materials for reducing sodium intake' were selected as easy items to perform. The majority (82%) was willing to reduce sodium in restaurant foods under the support of local government and they desired the promotion of participating restaurants and education on cooking skills to reduce sodium. Conclusion: Measuring seasoning and salinity while cooking is a meaningful practice that is associated with stages of behavior change and the practicability of actions for reducing sodium. It is necessary to provide support and education with a gradual approach to staffs for reducing sodium in restaurant foods.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.51
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• pp.133-173
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• 2017

The records and archives center provide a variety of archival information services in an effort to get closer to the public. However, there are still some problems with regard to the lack of awareness of records and archives. In order to activate the use of archives, it is necessary to understand the users of archives. Given the problems, this study aims to investigate the awareness of records and archives in university students who are potential users of archives as well as to suggest methods to activate the use of records and archives reflecting the characteristics of university students' awareness. As such, this study surveyed 182 university students at J university. The questionnaire items referred to Market & Opinion Research International (MORI) (2003) as a part of the projects conducted by the Museums Libraries Archives Council (MLA) and Cho's study (2008). The questionnaire items consisted of four major areas: awareness of records and archives, experience with records and archives or reasons of not using them, requirements for the use of archives by potential users, and efficient method of promoting archives. As a result of the survey, most of the university students are indifferent to records. However, they recognized that it is highly important to manage records that are related to historical values and archives that are relevant to information values. In addition, they showed a positive intention to use the archives in the future; thus, it is highly likely for them to be converted into active users through appropriate services. Based on the results, this study proposed important considerations for activating the use of the archives to university students, and suggested methods to activate the archives in terms of user education, program development, and user segmentation.