• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.39-48
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• 1987

지금까지 건조된 jacket 중에서 가장 큰 것으로 알려진 미국 Exxon사의 Harmony jacket 이 현재 현대 중공업에 의해 제작되고 있다. Harmony jacket은 제작완료 후 울산으로부터 미국 California서안의 Santaynez해역으로 운송될 예정인데, 이와 같이 긴 해상운송시에 jacket과 seafasening 부재들은 피로에 의하여 상당히 손상을 입을 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 두가지의 가능한 운송항로에 대해, jacket과 tie-down 부재가 받는 피로에 의한 손상정도를 계산하고 그 결과를 비교 하였다. 몇 가지 가정하에 행하여진 해석 결과에 따르면, 피로에 의한 손상을 적게 주는 운송항로는 Hawaii를 경유하는 남쪽할로이며, 운송 barge와 인접하는 부분, 특히 barge 양단 부근의 jacket joint들이 손상을 받기 쉽다는 것을 알 수 있다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2004.05b
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• pp.1350-1355
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• 2004

주택건설과 대규모 개발사업으로 인해 골재부족이 심화되면서 하천정비공사에서 골재채취가 주요한 사업이 되고 있다. 하지만 무분별한 골재채취는 하천생태계를 파괴시키는 원인이 된다. 본 연구는 하천에서 골재를 채취할 때 수생태계에 미치는 영향과 골재채취를 중지하고 휴식년제를 취할 때의 수생태계에 미치는 영향을 서로 비교${\cdot}$분석함으로서 하천골재 채취가 환경에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 연구방법은 수리학적 분석, 수질분석, 생태학적 분석을 이용하였다. 연구대상지역은 영산강의 일부구간으로 현재 이 구간은 골재채취공사가 진행중인 지역이다. 하상변동을 수치해석으로 모의한 결과 하상은 골재채취후 안정적으로 유지될 것으로 분석되었으며 골재채취가 수질에 미치는 영향은 그리 크지 않았고 단지 부유사(SS)가 약간 증가하였다. 생태학적 조사 결과 어류, 포유류, 양서류, 파충류와 조류는 공사로 인한 영향을 많이 받고 있는 것으로 분석되었다. 본 연구의 결과는 골재채취 사업에 따른 환경영향평가 및 사전환경성 검토에 활용될 수 있고, 하천공사와 수공구조물의 설계 및 유지관리 등에도 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• The Korean Journal of Rheology
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.46-52
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• 1990

배추의 조직감 특성을 기계적으로 측정하는 방법을 수립하기 위하여 여러 가지 형 태의 탐침에 의한 침투 및 절단시험에서 나타난는 힘-거리 곡선을 비교분석하였으며 그 결 과를 배추잎의 미세구조와 관능적특성과 연관하여 해석하였다. 배추잎의 침투심험에서 탐침 의 선단각, 선단면적 및 둘레에 따라 힘-거리 곡선의 형태는 크게 달라지며 선단면적과 둘 레가 커질수록 파열력이 크게 증대되었다. 절단시험에서는 표피와 내부유관속 조직을 절단 하는 세 개의 특징적인 피크를-나타내었다. 배추잎의 염장에 의하여 침투시험의 최대 변형 력은 크게 감소된 반면 파열력은 크게 증대되어 최대 변형력에 대한 파열력의 비(a/c) 는 증가되었으며 이것은 탐침의 선단면적과 둘레가 큰경우에 더욱 두드러지게 나타났다. 염장 에 의하여 탄성한계까지의 변형거리가 커졌으며 최초 변형에서의 탄성치(a/l)는 감소하는 경 향을 나타내었다. 절단시험에서는 염장에의하여 외피의 절단력이 상대적으로 증가하였다. 배 추 및 절인배추의 아삭아삭한 정도는 침투시험의 최대변형력과 a/l의 변화와 밀접한 관계가 있으며 질긴 정도는 침투시험의 파열력과 a/c 절단시험의 절단력과 관계가 있으며 아작아작 한 정도는 침투시험의 a/c와 관계가 있는 것으로 판단되었다.

• Korean Journal of Legislative Studies
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.237-260
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• 2009

This article deals with the problem, of wether the change of party discourse influences the change of the political finance system and the change of political finance system again effects the political discourse. The political finance and state funding system for parties in Germany is a product of political debate and conflict from the 1960's to th 1990's. The introduction of the state funding system faced critical public opinion at the beginning, and the German parties have initiated a discourse building process as the initiator role and major actor. The state funding system for parties has changed three times and shows, how the constitutional interpretation became dominant in parliament and the constitutional court, which considers a party as a fundamental and essential institution in a democratic system.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.24 no.7
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• pp.939-944
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• 2018

Clean fire extinguishing agents refer to chemical that can replace Halon 1211 and Halon 1310 according to the Montreal Protocol fermented to protect the Earth's ozone layer. In Korea and abroad, system standardization and performance evaluation of clean fire extinguishing agents are being carried out. This paper proposes an optimal nozzle shape by modeling and numerical analysis of various nozzle shapes based on general clean fire extinguishing system. The ejection speed of the nozzle can be improved by studying three - dimensional modeling of the nozzle for two shapes, Type A and B. Flow analysis was performed on the two types of nozzles and the gas velocity and pressure distribution were measured with different nozzle diameters. It was confirmed that the jetting speed was changed at the nozzle outlet according to the number and diameter of the nozzle holes. The flow rate increased with increasing the pressure regardless of the nozzle hole diameter. Based on the results obtained from the experiment, the K-factor value was deduced. Finally, a nozzle with a 12-hole structure with a 5-mm nozzle hole was proposed.

• Korean Journal of Legislative Studies
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.39-66
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• 2018

This paper analyzes the structures and issues of 2018 Korean local elections based on the author's observations on the electoral processes. Even if this paper does not follow a traditional statistical method, it provides the interpretative meanings of 2018 local elections by utilizing an expert's observations of campaign processes. This result of 2018 election can be summarized into two analytical frames. In terms of electoral competition structure, three key factors, such as presidential approval rating, party competition structure, ideological spectrum, tend to affect the winning of governing party. In the light of election issue, the inter-Korean summit, the Washington-Pyeongyang summit, Incheon deprecating remark were positive to the vote gains of governing party, but the negative campaign, the drucking scandal and the swing voters were found not to be significant. The local election in Korea tends to show dual meanings, a proxy war of national-level politics and a composition process of local government. This paper found that the 2018 election has dual meanings at the same time, in a sense that it is the punishment of the ex-governing party's wrongdoing and the power change of local government.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.713-719
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• 2001

The aim of this study is to check the application criteria of the conventional techniques and clarify the effects of breaker depth, seabed conditions on the stability in relation to the effects of uncertainty of storm duration and directional irregular waves. The typical damage modes were divided by the direct wave force on the armor unit and by the local scouring around the toe of a breakwater head by the model experiments. The destruction modes are defined, and some criteria on the damage modes and scouring/deposition at the toe of a breakwater head in relating the wave-bottom-structural conditions can be checked using the multi-directonal irregular wave generator system. According to the results, it is emphasized that the 3-D effects on the stability should be analyzed in the design of multi-purpose/function coastal structures in consideration of the evaluation of spatial variation of damage modes and hydraulic characteristics as well as the wave distribution along the structures.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.223-258
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• 2013

1967 Outer Space Treaty(Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies; OST) is a treaty that forms the basis of international space law. OST is based on the 1963 Declaration of Legal Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space announced by UNGA resolution. As of May 2013, 102 countries are states parties to OST, while another 27 have signed the treaty but have not completed ratification. OST explicitly claimed that the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies are the province of all mankind. Art. II of OST states that "outer space, including the Moon and other celestial bodies, is not subject to national appropriation by claim of sovereignty, by means of use or occupation, or by any other means", thereby establishing res extra commercium in outer space like high seas. However 1979 Moon Agreement stipulates that "the moon and its natural resources are the Common Heritage of Mankind(CHM)." Because of the number of the parties to the Moon Agreement(13 parties) it does not affect OST. OST also established its specific treaties as a complementary means such as 1968 Rescue Agreement, 1972 Liability Convention, 1975 Registration Convention. OST bars states party to the treaty from placing nuclear weapons or any other weapons of mass destruction in orbit of Earth, installing them on the Moon or any other celestial body, or to otherwise station them in outer space. It exclusively limits the use of the Moon and other celestial bodies to peaceful purposes and expressly prohibits their use for testing weapons of any kind, conducting military maneuvers, or establishing military bases, installations, and fortifications. However OST does not prohibit the placement of conventional weapons in orbit. China and Russia submitted Draft Treaty on the Prevention of the Placement of Weapon in Outer Space and of the Threat or Use of Force against Outer Space Objects(PPWT) on the Conference on Disarmament in 2008. USA disregarded PPWT on the ground that there are no arms race in outer space. OST does not have some articles in relation to current problems such as space debris, mechanisms of the settlement of dispute arising from state activities in outer space in specific way. COPUOS established "UN Space Debris Mitigation Guidelines" based on "IADC Space Debris Mitigation Guidelines" and ILA proposed "International Instrument on the Protection of the Environment from Damage Caused by Space Debris" for space debris problems and Permanent Court of Arbitration(PCA) established "Optional Rules for Arbitration of Disputes Relating to Outer Space Activities" and ILA proposed "1998 Taipei Draft Convention on the Settlement of Space Law Dispute" for the settlement of dispute problems. Although OST has shortcomings in some articles, it is very meaningful in international law in considering the establishment of basic principles governing the activities of States in the exploration and use of outer space, including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies. OST established the principles governing the activities of states in the exploration and use of outer space as customary law and jus cogens in international law as follows; the exploration and use of outer space shall be carried out for the benefit and in the interests of all countries and shall be the province of all mankind; outer space shall be free for exploration and use by all States; outer space is not subject to national appropriation by claim of sovereignty, by means of use or occupation, or by any other means. The principles of global public interest in outer space imposes international obligations erga omnes applicable to all States. This principles find significant support in legal norms dealing with following points: space activities as the "province of all mankind"; obligation to cooperate; astronauts as envoys of mankind; avoidance of harmful contamination; space activities by States, private entities and intergovernmental organisations; absolute liability for damage cauesd by certain space objects; prohibition of weapons in space and militarization of the celestial bodies; duty of openness and transparency; universal application of the international space regime.