• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.333-341
• /
• 2024

So far, the rationality of management decisions has been limited to the economic rationality of maximizing self-interest. However, management rationality in the ESG era, which pursues the interests of the environment, society, and the company from the perspective of harmony and balance, requires new judgment standards. The goal of ESG management is sustainable development. Sustainable development goes beyond the accumulation of wealth, which was the goal of the past economy, and aims for the happiness of the entire society, including coexistence and fair development that develops together with the entire society. From Aristotle's perspective, the happiness of the entire society promoted by sustainable development is no different from the highest good of citizens, members of the community. Accordingly, this paper attempted to explore the new management rationality required for managers in the ESG era by comparing Aristotle's concept of citizenship with the concept of 'corporate citizenship', one of the main concepts of ESG management. Through this, we sought to show that companies are essentially communal entities and that the company's pursuit of profit requires rationality of balance and harmony with environmental and social interests.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.17-43
• /
• 2012

Alliance formation has been recognized as an important strategy for firms who seek to survive through acquisition of sustainable competitive advantages. Specifically in high-tech industries, firms may consider formation of strategic alliances in order to access valuable external knowledge. These firms tend to be situated in a dilemma that they should choose between exploration and exploitation, which are two types of strategic choices suggested by March (1991). Working out the dilemma has been extensively discussed in the area of strategy or organization learning. Recently, however, an increasing number of studies have stressed on a balance between exploration and exploitation. Regarded as 'ambidextrous organizations' (Lavie and Rosenkopf, 2006), these firms that simultaneously pursue exploration and exploitation have emerged in high-tech industries, and many studies have provided evidence of positive association between organizational ambidexterity and firm performance. In the strategic alliance research, accordingly, scholars began to pay attention to the balanced choice between exploration-and exploitation-oriented alliances. Given these backgrounds, this study examines the relationship between alliance ambidexterity and firm performance. While previous research approached alliance ambidexterity mainly from the number of alliances, our study suggests ambidexterity in terms of alliance portfolio and alliance partner. Our dataset consists of biotechnology or pharmaceutical firms in the United States, which spans time period between 1990 and 2005. We conduct panel data analysis. The results show the strong link between alliance ambidexterity and firm performance, highlighting the balance between exploration and exploitation when firms make strategic decisions.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
• /
• v.41 no.4
• /
• pp.181-188
• /
• 2017

In the existing ship sales market, prices determined based on the prices of similar ship types that recently traded. ince the 2008 financial crisis, ship prices have fluctuated, and ship price criteria have become ever more necessary to the imminent value of the ship. Therefore, this research used the hedonic price model to estimate imminent values of ships. In this study, the influence on ship prices was analyzed by the value of each characteristic and an estimated functional formula was. Out of the four models suggested by the hedonic price model, an optimal model was selected with variance inflation factors and a stepwise selection. For this, the influence of determinants of ship prices was analyzed based on actually traded ships and characteristic data. The selected model s the Log-Line model; as a result of regression analysis, eight variables, including DWT, Age, Market Value, Short-Term Charter, Long-Term Charter, Enbloc, Special Survey Due and Builder were to affect the ship price model. This model is expected to be useful for objective and balanced ship price evaluation.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.125-140
• /
• 2013

We call a data set in which the number of records belonging to a certain class far outnumbers the number of records belonging to the other class, 'imbalanced data set'. Most of the classification techniques perform poorly on imbalanced data sets. When we evaluate the performance of a certain classification technique, we need to measure not only 'accuracy' but also 'sensitivity' and 'specificity'. In a customer churn prediction problem, 'retention' records account for the majority class, and 'churn' records account for the minority class. Sensitivity measures the proportion of actual retentions which are correctly identified as such. Specificity measures the proportion of churns which are correctly identified as such. The poor performance of the classification techniques on imbalanced data sets is due to the low value of specificity. Many previous researches on imbalanced data sets employed 'oversampling' technique where members of the minority class are sampled more than those of the majority class in order to make a relatively balanced data set. When a classification model is constructed using this oversampled balanced data set, specificity can be improved but sensitivity will be decreased. In this research, we developed a hybrid model of support vector machine (SVM), artificial neural network (ANN) and decision tree, that improves specificity while maintaining sensitivity. We named this hybrid model 'hybrid SVM model.' The process of construction and prediction of our hybrid SVM model is as follows. By oversampling from the original imbalanced data set, a balanced data set is prepared. SVM_I model and ANN_I model are constructed using the imbalanced data set, and SVM_B model is constructed using the balanced data set. SVM_I model is superior in sensitivity and SVM_B model is superior in specificity. For a record on which both SVM_I model and SVM_B model make the same prediction, that prediction becomes the final solution. If they make different prediction, the final solution is determined by the discrimination rules obtained by ANN and decision tree. For a record on which SVM_I model and SVM_B model make different predictions, a decision tree model is constructed using ANN_I output value as input and actual retention or churn as target. We obtained the following two discrimination rules: 'IF ANN_I output value <0.285, THEN Final Solution = Retention' and 'IF ANN_I output value ${\geq}0.285$, THEN Final Solution = Churn.' The threshold 0.285 is the value optimized for the data used in this research. The result we present in this research is the structure or framework of our hybrid SVM model, not a specific threshold value such as 0.285. Therefore, the threshold value in the above discrimination rules can be changed to any value depending on the data. In order to evaluate the performance of our hybrid SVM model, we used the 'churn data set' in UCI Machine Learning Repository, that consists of 85% retention customers and 15% churn customers. Accuracy of the hybrid SVM model is 91.08% that is better than that of SVM_I model or SVM_B model. The points worth noticing here are its sensitivity, 95.02%, and specificity, 69.24%. The sensitivity of SVM_I model is 94.65%, and the specificity of SVM_B model is 67.00%. Therefore the hybrid SVM model developed in this research improves the specificity of SVM_B model while maintaining the sensitivity of SVM_I model.

• The Journal of Information Technology
• /
• v.7 no.4
• /
• pp.47-60
• /
• 2004

The main purpose of the present study are as follows: First, through the extensive literature review, we tried to find out environmental changes in the management thoughts. Second, as we found a new paradigm on valuation-oriented management thoughts, we argued that cost/management accounting information should play key roles in creating values. Third, we pointed out that when firms used only financial performance measurements, problems could take places. Finally, especially to promote the organizational effectiveness and efficiency, we stressed that firms should use the balanced scorecard approach in performance measurements of its own organizations and personnels.

• KLA journal
• /
• v.33 no.3 s.274
• /
• pp.13-28
• /
• 1992

이 논문은 Minnesota대학 Paul Campus 도서관 부관장인 존슨(P. Johnson)이 Journal of Academic Libraianship, Vol. 16, No. 4(Sept, 1990), pp.222-229에 게재한 "Matrix Management: An Organizational Alternative for Libraries"을 완역한 것으로, 도서관의 전통적인 조직구조에 대한 대안을 모색하는데 참고할 수 있는 이론적 논문으로 사료됨. 도서관조직구조가 점점 복잡해 짐에 따라 다양한 방안들을 모색하여 왔다. 이 논문은 전통적 계층구조에 대한 대안으로서의 매트릭스구조의 효용에 관하여 논의 한 것이다. 매트릭스관리가 매우 성공적으로 이루어질 경우에는 사서들에게 유연성을 증대시키기 위한 신전략과 고도의 전문적 독립성, 그리고 보다 균형된 의사결정과정을 제공해 준다. 제2차 세계대전까지만 해도 도서관을 포함한 대다수 기관의 조직구조는 몇 가지로 나눌 수 있었다. 비록 이들 조직구조가 바뀌게 되었다 하더라도 그것은 의도적인 계획하에서 진전된 것이 아니라 안정적이고 예측가능한 환경에 매우 적합하도록 자연스럽게 이루어진 것이다. 다만 최근 여러 해 동안 급격한 환경변화로 인하여 보다 새로운 조직구조가 발전하게 되었는데, 이는 자연진화적인 조직변화라기 보다는 오히려 특정적 요구를 충족시키기 위한 자의적인 계획의 결과라고 하겠다. 이와 같은 급격한 변화에 대처하도록 특별히 계획된 매우 혁신적인 조직구조중의 하나가 조직매트릭스이다. 이 논문은 대학도서관에 있어서 조직구조, 조직대안으로서의 매트릭스구조, 매트릭스경영관리의 효용 등 세 가지의 문제에 대하여 고찰하고자 한다.<역자주>

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
• /
• v.6 no.8
• /
• pp.1259-1268
• /
• 2002

One of the major goals suggested in distributed system is to improve the performance of the system through the load balancing of whole system. Load balancing among systems improves the rate of processor utilization and reduces the turnaround time of system. In this paper, we design the rule of decision-making and information interchange based on knowledge based mechanism which makes optimal load balancing by sharing the future load state information inferred from past and present information of each nodes. The result of performance evaluation shows that utilization of processors is balanced, the processing time is improved and reliability and availability of systems are enhanced. The proposed mechanism in this paper can be utilized in the design of load balancing algorithm in distributed operating systems.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
• /
• v.30 no.2
• /
• pp.366-379
• /
• 2000

The purpose of this study was to identify causal relationships among variables of transtheoretical model for exercise in the elderly A predictivel model explaining the stage of change was constructed based on a transtheoretical model. Empirical data for testing the hypothetical model was collected from 198 old adults over 60 years old in a community setting in Seoul, Korea in April and May,1999. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and correlational analysis using pc-SAS program. The Linear Structural Modeling (LISREL) 8.0 program was used to find the best fit model which predicts causal relationship of variables. The fit of the hypothetical model to the data was X2=132.85. (df=22, p=.000). GFI=.88, NNFI=.35, NFI=.77, AGFI=.59 which was not favorable but the fit of modified model to the data was X2=46.90. (df=27, p=.01).GFI= .95, NNFI=.91, NFI=.92, AGFI=.87) which was more than moderate. The predictable variables of stage of change for exercise of the Korean elderly were helping relationship, self cognitive determination, conversion of negative condition in process of change and efficacy for exercise. These variables explained 68% of stage of change for exercise of the Korean elderly.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
• /
• 2010.05a
• /
• pp.1615-1619
• /
• 2010

토양수분은 토양입자에 포함되어 있는 물을 의미하는 것으로 지표면과 대기간의 에너지 균형과 물 순환을 조절하는데 중요한 요소이다. 본 연구에서는 토양수분 산정을 위하여 2003년 1월부터 2008년 12월까지의 MODIS(Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) 위성관측 자료로부터 획득한 정규식생지수(NDVI: Normalized Difference Vegetation Index)자료와 지표면 온도자료, 우리나라 76개소 기상관측소 중에 자료의 보유기간이 30년 이하인 관측소와 섬 지역들을 제외한 57개 지점의 강수량, 토양온도 자료 및 우리나라 전역에 대한 토지피복, 유효토심자료를 이용하여 데이터 마이닝(Data Mining) 기법의 하나인 CART(Classification And Regression Tree) 기법을 이용하여 토양수분을 산정하였다. 먼저 신뢰성 높은 토양수분 관측 자료를 가진 용담댐 유역의 6개 지점에 대하여 토양수분을 산정하여 적용 가능성을 분석하였다. 3개 지점의 토양수분 관측치는 토양수분 산정 모형 수립에 사용하였으며 검증에 사용된 1개 지점의 토양수분의 관측치와 추정치 간의 상관계수를 확인한 결과 전체적인 토양수분의 거동을 잘 나타내고 있어 토양수분 추정 모형의 적용가능성을 확인하였다. 이를 이용하여 용담댐 유역의 토양수분 분포와 우리나라 전역에 대한 토양수분 분포도를 추정하였다. 신뢰할 수 있는 지상관측 토양수분 관측치가 다양한 지상조건에 대하여 존재하지 않는 한계가 있음에도 불구하고 제시된 토양수분산정 방법은 제한된 가용자료를 사용한 우리나라 전역의 토양수분 산정에 있어 합리적인 접근법이라 판단된다.

• The Journal of Information Technology
• /
• v.1 no.1
• /
• pp.49-63
• /
• 1998

The main purpose of the present study are as follows: First, through the extensive literature review, we tried to find out environmental changes in the management thoughts. Second, as we found a new paradigm on valuation-oriented management thoughts, we argued that cost/management accounting information should play key roles in creating values. Third, we pointed out that when firms used only financial performance measurements, problems could take places. Finally, especially to promote the organizational effectiveness and efficiency, we stressed that firms should use the balanced scorecard approach in performance measurements of its own organizations and personnels.