• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.253-260
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• 2002

Fowl red mite, Dermanyssus gallinae, is the most important ectoparasite affecting egg layers worldwide. More than 35 compounds have been used for fowl red mite control. Although some of them are efficient, several compounds are unsuitable in terms of food safety and environmental problems. Some compounds are efficient in theory but inadequate in practice. It is also expensive in material and labor to control effectively. Effective doses are very close to toxic doses and repeated treatment is required. Repeated, long term treatment of compounds on fowl red mite populations, may cause heritable resistance against the mites. In this study, antigenicity of fowl red mite and house dust mite, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, were identified by SDS-PAGE, silver staining, Western blotting and ELISA to investigate immune effects against fowl red mite using somatic antigens of fowl red mite and house dust mite. By SDS-PAGE, silver staining and Western blotting, several common antigens (110, 60, 56, 49, 46 kDa) of both fowl red mite and house dust mite were recognized. To identify immune effect of somatic antigens of fowl red mite and house dust mite, sixty white leghorn broilers(1 week old) were used. Among sixty white leghorn broilers, twenty were immunized with fowl red mite somatic antigens(Group I), twenty immunized with house dust mite antigens(Group II), and twenty were control group without antigen(Group III), respectively. After immunization, it was identified that antibody titers were increased both in group and II. Then all groups were challenged with fowl red mites. After 2 months, measurements of body weights, packed cell volume(PCV), ELISA OD values and numbers of mites were significant(p<0.05). These results suggest that fowl red mite and house dust mite, which are easy to collect and maintain, can be good vaccine candidates against fowl red mite in chicken.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.18-23
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• 1998

In order to obtain leading compound for the development of new pesticide through the organic synthesis of natural products, the synthesis of ricinine, an active compound of Ricinus communis, was established and biological activities of synthetic compounds against insects were examined. The synthetic scheme of ricinine was composed of four steps by the spontaneous condensation of the cyanoacetyl chloride. A modified synthetic process was also estabilshed to enhance the synthetic yield by simple cyclization of ethoxymethylene malononitrile. In the bioassay results of synthetic ricinine and intermediates on four insects, the mortality of ricinine on brown planthopper (BPH, Nilaparvata lugens) and pea weevil(PW, Bruchus rufimanus) was 80% and 75% at the concentration of 1,000 ${\mu}g/ml$ respectively. Chloronorricinine and chlororicinic acid having chloride group in molecular structure gave 60% mortality on two-spotted mite (TSSM, Tetranychus urticae) at the concentration of 500 ${\mu}g/ml$. The mortality of compounds on house mosquito (HM, Culex pipens pallens) was meager at 10 ${\mu}g/ml$ level.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.52-58
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• 2007

ALA (5-aminolevulinic acid) has been proposed as a tetrapyrrole-dependent photodynamic herbicide and insecticide by the action of the protoporphyrinogen IX oxidase (Protox IX). The present study was conducted to determine growth responses of plant and insects to ALA, biodegradable biopesticidal substance. In the paddy condition experiment, plant height and shoot fresh weight of barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) was more reduced by ALA than rice plants, even though both plant species show great phytotoxicity. Hairy crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis), a monocot weed, was more sensitive to ALA at 5mM under upland condition when ALA applied on the foliage, compared with soybean (Glycine max) as a dicot crop. ALA solutions were tested for their insecticidal and larvicidal activities against Spodaptera exigua (Hubner) and Tetranychus urticae Koch. by foliar application and leaf-dipping method. The result showed higher insecticidal activity of ALA at 10mM and its mixture with insecticide luferon against S. exigua. Strongest insecticidal activity against T. urticae was observed from the ALA solution at 10mM 72 days after application. This results show that ALA solution had potent herbicidal and insecticidal activities against agricultural pests even though their activities were lower than those of synthetic pesticides.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Organic Agriculture Conference
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• 2009.12a
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• pp.290-290
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• 2009

유기 배 과수원의 생물종 다양성을 조사한 결과, 월동 직후 유기배 과수원에서는 13종 503마리, 관행 과수원에서 11종 145마리의 토양 미소동물이 채집되었다. 채집된 종류는 거미, 지네, 노래기와 곤충들이다. 유기과수원에는 특히 응애와 거미가 많이 채집되었으며 특히 곤충 중에서 톡토기는 247마리로 관행에 비해 7배가 많이 채집되었다. 또한 생태지수인 종다양도가 관행 1.383에 비해 1.589로 더 높았다. 서식지별 분포를 보면 나무 바로 밑의 개체수와 종수가 더 많아 배나무 뿌리를 중심으로 생활하고 있음을 확인하였다. 여름철 토양동물의 분포는 달팽이, 지렁이를 비롯한 미소 동물들이 유기인증 과수원에는 24종 632마리, 관행에서는 15종 340마리가 채집되어 유기인증 농가에서 월등히 많은 토양동물이 살고 있었으며 종다양도역시 유기농가 2.021로 관행인 1.652보다 높았다. 청목(1985)의 자연도 평가 A그룹종은 환경저항성이 낮아 쉽게 소멸되는 그룹으로 애지네, 노래기 땅지네 등이 여기에 속하는데 유기농가에서 개체수들이 더 많이 채집되었다. 추락트랩을 이용한 조사에서 딱정벌레 중 점박이먼지벌레가 관행 과수원에서 월등히 높았으며 유기농가에서는 큰넓적송장벌레가 채집되어 이들 종이 지표종으로 선발될 수 있을 것으로 보인다. 또한 거미류 중에 수풀오소리거미가 많이 채집되었으며 채찍늑대거미, 꼬마게거미, 점게거미등은 유기농가에서만 채집되어 추후 이들 종이 지표종으로 선발될 가능성이 있었다. 말레이트랩에서는 고치벌과 맵시벌 종류가 많이 채집되었고 파리류에서는 초파리가 많았으며 털검정파리는 유기인증 농가에서 만이 채집되었다. 유아등을 이용한 야간 곤충류를 채집한 결과 유기농가에서 16종 201마리, 관행 9종 42마리가 채집되어 야간에 활동하는 곤충류 역시 유기농가가 많았다. 추락트랩과 말레이트랩모두 유기인증 농가에서 종다양도가 관행보다 높았으며 유아등 채집에서도 마찬가지 결과를 보여 유기배 과수원이 토양 뿐 아니라 배를 중심으로 생활하는 모든 동물들의 종 다양성이 우수함을 알 수 있었다.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.55-62
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• 2010

The study was conducted to investigate effects of different organic fertilizers on 'Niitaka' pear tree performances in a controlled greenhouse. The four 'Niitaka' pear seedling trees per treatment were grown in a greenhouse for 6 months. Each pot was filled with control, rice bran (RB), coffee bran compost (CBC), and the mixture (RCC) of RB + CBC + chitin incubated compost (CIC). Each pot was filled with 1:1:1 (v/v/v) of soil : sand : fertilizer, and control, RB, CBC, CIC, and RCC were applied as treatments. Root fresh weights and root activities were increased by all the organic fertilizers, especially by RCC. RCC treated trees had the highest tree height and thickest tree trunk, and all organic fertilized trees showed increased tree growth compared to the control. The more diseased and damaged degrees on the leaf by spider mites increased leaf falling rates on all the treatments. The reduced diseased and healthy leaves were found on RCC treated trees that had better tree performance. Also, all the organic fertilized trees seemed to prevent the occurrence of disease in the leaf. Therefore, the organic fertilizer applications could be a good strategy to obtain better tree performance and maintain healthy seedlings in the nursery market or young organic pear orchard.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.431-437
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• 2016

This study was carried out to investigate pests and their damage caused to commercial greenhouse strawberries in Jeju from 2013 to 2016. A total of 8 orders, including 31 species, of pests were found. Among them, the major pests were Tetranychus urticae, Frankliniella occidentalis, and Aphis gossypii. Although Trialeurodes packardi and Empoasca vitis were sometimes severely damaged strawberries, their frequency of occurrence and damage caused increased gradually. Of lepidopteran pests, Spodoptera litura showed the highest occurrence and damage. Although Helicoverpa armigera was showed a low occurrence frequency, it caused severe damage. We discussed the seasonal occurrence patterns of four pests-F. occidentalis, the alate A. gossypii, T. packardi and E. vitis-monitored by yellow-colored sticky traps.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.177-185
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• 2014

Aspiring to the new raw materials of insecticides is one of the plant extracts. The material structure of a variety of plant extracts have because the material to the defense of the plant itself, the case of insecticides, using plant extracts, safe, has low toxicity and has the advantage of highly distinctive and fall. Coltsfoot (Tussilago farfara L.) is belonging to the family Compositae, and distributed in all parts of China as medicinal plants and indigenous plants used. Coltsfoot is known that it is effect to respiratory disease and has an antiviral effect. However, the reported insecticidal activity of coltsfoot could be not found. Fortunately, I found insecticidal activities when I was screening the bioassay against several insects with a lot of plant extracts. Using the ethanol extract of the Tussilago farfara, there were insecticidal activities against Culex pipiens pallens and Tetranychus urticae. There were several fractions in ethanol extract of coltsfoot by using various organic solvents. Hexane fraction showed a higher insecticidal activity than any other fraction. It is confirmed that hexane fraction contained pyrethrin by using HPLC analysis. So, it might be suggested that extract of coltsfoot has an insecticidal activity and its effect due to a ingredient of pyrethrin.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.127-136
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• 2008

Beauveria bassiana can be used as a biological insecticide to control a number of pests. It has been known as that B. bassiana TBI-1 have a insecticidal effect on the twospotted spider mite (Teranychus urticae) and the greenhouse whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporariorum) these days. The biological pest control agent, B. bassiana, showed somewhat insecticidal activities against the cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii, too. After treatment with biological insecticide, the mean of increasing rate of aphids was at around recorded at around 0.21 while at around 0.24 in non-treated TBI-1 biological insecticide condition during 1 week. Consequently, it was found that treatment of Beauveria bassiana reduced an increasing rate of aphid population. Also, we could visually observe dead aphids changed as a reddish mold due to this insecticidal fungus. B. bassiana TBI-1 can significantly reduce an increasing rate of aphid population, so effective biological control against the cotton aphid are possible.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.27-33
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• 2000

N-Dimethoxyphosphinothionyl carbofuran, PSC, has a high insecticidal activity and low mammalian toxicity. Ten N-phosphinothionyl carbofuran derivatives were synthesized and their insecticidal activities were determined against brown plant hopper (Nilaparvata lugens), green peach aphid (Myzus persicae), diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella), and two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae). Green peach aphid, diamondback mea and brown plant hopper were controlled over 90% by application of 125 ppm, 125 ppm, and 63 ppm, respectively, of carbosulfan. Two hundred and fifty ppm of newly synthesized compounds could control most of brown plant hopper and diamondback moth. Especially, insecticidal activities of compound 10 against brown plant hopper, diamondback moth, and green peach aphid were similar to those of carbosulfan. Our results show that the newly synthesized derivatives of NV-phosphinothionyl carbofuran have a similar insecticidal activity to carbosulfan.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.58-63
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• 1996

This experiment was carried out to elucidate the effect of the rain shelter and insect net on the growth and yield in Lycium chinense 'Cheongyang Cultivar'. The yield cultivated at the condition of the rain shelter and insect net were increase $92{\sim}106$ percent as that of nature conditions resulted from better growth and decrease of fruit attacked by anthracnose and injured by Eriophyes kuko. It had not significant between the ventilation and non-ventilation.