• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2021.10a
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• pp.177-179
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• 2021

This paper proposes a method of estimating location of a target point at which an interactive robot gazes in an indoor space. RGB images are extracted from low-cost web-cams, user head pose is obtained from the face detection (Openface) module, and geometric configurations are applied to estimate the user's gaze direction in the 3D space. The coordinates of the target point at which the user stares are finally measured through the correlation between the estimated gaze direction and the plane on the table plane.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.367-373
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• 2016

In this paper, we propose a novel method to improve the accuracy of eye trackers and how to analyze them. The proposed method extracts a user profile information created by extracting gaze coordinates and color information based on the exact pupil information, and then, it maintains a high accuracy in the display. In case that extract the user profile information, the changes of the accuracy for the gaze time also is estimated and the optimum parameter value is extracted. In the experimental results for the accuracy of the gaze detection, the accuracy was low if a user took a short time in a specific point. On the other hand, when taking more than two seconds, the accuracy was measured more than 80 %.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 1999.11a
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• pp.202-207
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• 1999

응시위치 추적이란 현재 모니터 상에 사용자가 응시하고 있는 지점을 카메라로부터 얻은 영상정보로부터 파악해 내는 것을 말한다. 응시위치 추적을 이용하여 현재 사용자가 모니터 상에 바라보고 있는 응시위치점을 시각적으로 표시해 줌으로써 한쪽 면을 잘 인지하지 못하는 장애인들에 대한 진단 및 재활치료를 도울 수 있는 시스템을 개발하였다. 이와 같은 이와같은 시스템은 사용자가 관심있어할 만한 상황을 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션을 통해 가상적으로 만들고 그 안에 있는 물체들을 사용자가 고개움직임을 이용하여 움직일 수 있게 함으로써 사용자로 하여금 강한 동기력을 유발할 수 있으며 또한 편측 시각 무시에 대한 보다 정량적 인 진단을 가능하게 하며 기존의 작업치료사의 도움을 받아야 했던 것에서 탈피할 수 있으므로 인력 소모를 줄일 수 있는 등의 잇점이 있다.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.26
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• pp.79-108
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• 2012

This thesis is on the purpose of seeking for the possibility of a mechanism in interpreting, analyzing and criticizing cartoons which are applied to the concept of "the gaze" based on "the otherness of vision", which states a pluralistic visual world. It proves that cartoons are in line with other art works that are the subject to "lack and desire"; the gaze, greets reality and acts as an important criterion of analyzing and criticizing the trend in contemporary art, in which the cartoon expresses the gaze in harmony within its work of art. In this thesis, the artist, Kang Doh-ha structuralized ambiguous and difficult forms of art as he has cumulated experimental minds by working in an indie cartoon plane for a long period of time. Among his works of art, he identified the "invisible world" through his piece "Kubrik". Therefore, he represented: a metaphor and a metonymy, an ambiguously situational expression, an intentional and emotional error, the structure of individuality and integration, and finally tension beyond its meaning through use of 'the gaze' that is both the cause and the subject of a desire in the visible world which Lacan academized when he interpreted and analyzed "Kubrik". The concept of the gaze can be used in a variety of ways to display one another's presence in relation each character, revealing a spot of lack by staring back at readers or audiences and furthermore, to analyze and criticize the hidden side of the art piece by critics. The most important details are the artist's gaze, which is seen in the eyes of the analysis and also his or her criticism of the cartoon, which functions as a metaphoric screen in which the subject himself or herself betrays the law of desires thus enabling the violent and cruel reality to be masked and indulged in plays. This will serve as an element that will lead into an art as well as control the degradation to just a piece of enjoyment with the cartoon remaining only within the visual world.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.873-876
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• 2005

본 논문에서는 HMD(Head Mounted Display) 하단에 눈동자의 움직임 영상을 취득할 수 있는 USB 카메라를 부착한 후, 3차원 1인칭 슈팅(First Person Shooting) 게임에서 게임 캐릭터의 시선방향을 눈동자 움직임에 의해 조작하는 방법을 제안한다. 시스템은 입력 영상으로부터 눈동자의 중심 위치를 실시간 영상 처리 방법으로 추출하고, 눈동자의 위치 정보와 모니터상의 응시 지점사이의 기하학적인 연관관계를 결정하는 캘리브레이션을 진행하며, 캘리브레이션 정보를 기반으로 모니터 상의 최종적인 응시 위치를 결정하여 이 정보에 의해 게임상의 3차원 뷰(view) 방향을 조정하는 부분으로 구성되어 있다. 실험 결과 본 논문의 방법에 의해 손이 불편한 사용자에게 게임을 즐길 수 있는 기회를 제공하고, 게임 캐릭터와 게임 사용자의 시선 방향을 일치시킴으로서 게임의 흥미와 몰입감을 증가시킬 수 있는 결과를 얻음을 수 있었다.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.12B no.4 s.100
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• pp.465-472
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• 2005

In this paper, we propose the method of manipulating the gaze direction of 3D FPS game's character by using eye gaze detection from the successive images captured by USB camera, which is attached beneath HMB. The proposed method is composed of 3 parts. At first, we detect user's pupil center by real-time image processing algorithm from the successive input images. In the second part of calibration, when the user gaze on the monitor plane, the geometric relationship between the gazing position of monitor and the detected position of pupil center is determined. In the last part, the final gaze position on the HMD monitor is tracked and the 3D view in game is controlled by the gaze position based on the calibration information. Experimental results show that our method can be used for the handicapped game player who cannot use his(or her) hand. Also, it can Increase the interest and the immersion by synchronizing the gaze direction of game player and the view direction of game character.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.8 no.10
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• pp.1293-1305
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• 2005

In this paper, we propose the method of manipulating the gaze direction of 3D FPS game's character by using eye gaze detection from the successive images captured by USB camera, which is attached beneath HMD. The proposed method is composed of 3 parts. In the first fart, we detect user's pupil center by real-time image processing algorithm from the successive input images. In the second part of calibration, the geometric relationship is determined between the monitor gazing position and the detected eye position gazing at the monitor position. In the last fart, the final gaze position on the HMB monitor is tracked and the 3D view in game is control]ed by the gaze position based on the calibration information. Experimental results show that our method can be used for the handicapped game player who cannot use his (or her) hand. Also, it can increase the interest and immersion by synchronizing the gaze direction of game player and that of game character.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.778-793
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to analyze observation characteristics through eye movement according to cognitive styles. To do this, we developed observation tasks that show the differences between wholistic cognitive style group and analytic cognitive style group, measured eye movement of university students with different cognitive styles after being given an observation task. The difference between two cognitive style groups is confirmed by analysing gathered statistics and visualization data. The findings of this study are as follows: First, to compare fixation time and frequency, we compared the average value of total time used in the observation task by the wholistic cognitive style group and analytic cognitive style group. The numbers of Fixation (total) and number of Fixations (30s), is based on the fact that the wholistic cognitive style group has more numbers of fixation (Total) and number of fixations (30s) means the wholistic cognitive style group can observe more points or overall features than the analytic cognitive style group, in contrast, the analytic cognitive style group tend to focus on a particular detail, and observe less numbers of points. Second, to compare observation object and area by cognitive style, the outcome of analysing visualization data shows that wholistic cognitive style group observes the surrounding environment of spider and web on a wider area, on the other hand, the analytic cognitive style group observes by focusing on the spider itself. Through the result of this study, there are differences in observation time, frequency, object, area, and ratio from the two cognitive styles. It also shows the reason why each student has varied outcome, from the difference of information following their cognitive styles, and the result of this study helps to figure out and give direction as to what observation fulfillment is more suitable for each student.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.51
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• pp.193-212
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• 2018

This paper attempts to explore how Ang Lee depicts Asian and Western women in his films. We focus on two parts of his consciousness First, Ang Lee does not consider himself a feminist, he understands the world in terms of women who play societal roles. Second, Ang Lee's films reflect his identity in a juxtaposition model, in which he is a member of mainstream American society and also holds an onlooker's viewpoint at the same time. He depicts women, who are often marginalized or considered the minority, and their feminist ideals, as means that break down the authority of the father and the man, the traditional ideology, and the male dominant nationalism. Chinese women in movies divide apart traditional Chinese patriarchal ideology and male-dominated anti-Japanese sentiments. Also, the Western women in his films reveal the non-stereotypical appearance of Western society in the 1970s and 1980s, with daily tension, anxiety, abdominal pain and anger, silence and anxiety about homosexual husbands, and excessive obsession. The director's portrayal of women not only separates the male-centered and Western-centered discourse, but also reveals a self-division of internalized masculine patriarchal Asian thought consciousness.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.25-38
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• 2021

Purpose: To reduce the damage caused by continuously occurring typhoons, we proposed a standardized grid so that it could be actively utilized in the prevention and preparation stage of typhoon response. We established grid-based convergence information on the typhoon risk area so that we showed the effectiveness of information used in disaster response. Method: To generate convergent information on typhoon hazard areas that can be useful in responding to typhoon situation, we used various types of data such as vector and raster to establish typhoon hazard area small grid-based information. A standardized grid model was applied for compatibility with already produced information and for compatibility of grid information generated by each local government. Result: By applying the grid system of National branch license plates, a grid of typhoon risk areas in Seoul was constructed that can be usefully used when responding to typhoon situations. The grid system of National branch license plates defines the grid size of a multi-dimensional hierarchical structure. And a grid of typhoon risk areas in Seoul was constructed using grids of 100m and 1,000m. Conclusion: Using real-time 5km resolution grid based weather information provided by Korea Meteorological Administration, in the future, it is possible to derive near-future typhoon hazard areas according to typhoon travel route prediction. In addition, the national branch number grid system can be expanded to global grid systems for global response to various disasters.