• Title/Summary/Keyword: 응력-변형율 특성

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Evaluation of Mechanical Characteristics and Concentration Target Layer Applicability of Silty Sand by Fines Content (실트질 모래의 세립분 함유율에 따른 역학적 특성 및 압밀 대상층 적용성 평가)

  • Jung-Meyon Kim;Min-Seo Kang;Jong-Joo Kim;Seung-Joo Lee;Young-Seok Kim;Chan-Young, Park;Yong-Seong, Kim
    • Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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    • v.22 no.3
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    • pp.37-46
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    • 2023
  • In this paper, the physical properties, stress deformation and strength characteristics, density and permeability characteristics of silty sand (SM) by fines content were analyzed through indoor tests. also based on the results of the indoor tests, a compact analysis was performed according to the content of SM, and the applicability of SM ground to the compacted target layer was evaluated by comparing it with the measurement data of the actual problem site. As a result of indoor tests and compression analysis, SM changed its mechanical properties from sandy soil to viscous soil when the fine particle content was 35% or higher, and using field measurement data, SM was found to have a higher compression tendency than direct subsidence. Therefore, the mechanical characteristics of SM above Fc 35% are considered to be similar to that of viscous soil, which is different from the compression characteristics of the tendency of immediate subsidence to conventional sandy soil, so it is necessary to present the mechanical characteristics of SM through further research. The research findings highlight the importance of considering consolidation settlement in silty sand (SM) when evaluating soft soil conditions. These findings can aid in revising criteria for assessing weak ground conditions by providing essential engineering property data based on varying fines content in silty sand.

Conductive Performance of Mortar Containing Fe-Activated Biochar (Fe에 의해 활성화된 목질계 바이오차를 혼입한 모르타르의 전도성능)

  • Jin-Seok Woo;Ai-Hua Jin;Won-Chang Choi;Soo-Yeon Seo;Hyun-Do Yun
    • Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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    • v.28 no.2
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    • pp.27-34
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    • 2024
  • This study was conducted to examine the feasibility of using Fe-activated wood-derived biochar as a conductive filler for manufacturing cement-based strain sensor. To evaluate the compressive and electrical properties of cement composite with 3% Fe-activated biochar, three cubic specimens of size 50 x 50 x 50mm3 and three prismatic cement-based sensors of size 40 x 40 x 80mm3 were prepared respectively. The four-probe method of electrical resistance measurement was used for cement-based sensors. For cement-based sensors with FE-activated biochar, the conductive performance such as electrical resistance and impedance under different water content and repeated compression was investigated. Results showed that the fractional changes in the DC electrical resistivity of cement-based sensors increase with increasing time and the maximum fractional changes in the resistivity decrease with increasing the moisture contents during 900s. At moisture content of 7.5% range, the conductive performance of cement composite including 3% Fe-activated biochar as a conductive filler showed the most stable, while the strain detection ability tended to decrease somewhat as the repeated compressive stress increased between repeated compressive strain and fractional change in resistivity (FCR).

A Study on the Shear Behaviors of Geosynthetic-soil Interface in the Waste Landfill Site (폐기물 매립장 차수시설 접촉면 전단특성에 관한 연구)

  • Park, Inn-Joon;Kwak, Chang-Won;Park, Jum-Bum;Cho, Jun-Sik
    • Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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    • v.28 no.3
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    • pp.45-54
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    • 2012
  • Various geosynthetics are widely applied to civil structures and waste landfill site for reinforcement and water resistance. The use of geosynthetics inevitably involves the coupled behaviors of different materials which include large displacement and strain-softening behaviors, etc. In this study, the effect of chemical element in the leachate on the interface shear strength under the cyclic loading condition was analyzed. The Multi-purpose Interface Apparatus (M-PIA) has been modified and cyclic direct shear tests have been performed. The submerging period of each specimen is 200 days. Additionally, the Field-Emission Scanning Electronic Microscopy (FIB) analysis has been also performed to induce the reason of the variation of disturbance function and verify the hypothesis on the decay-proof ability of geosynthetics. Consequently, the charateristics of chemical degradation of geosynthetic-soil interface are verified and the variation of the disturbance function is mainly caused by the different type of soil mineral decay, based on the FIB results.

A Study of Thermo-rheological Behaviour from Long Term Responses of Solid Composite Propellant (고체 추진제 장시간 물성거동 반응 연구)

  • Ryu, Taeha;Kim, Nakhyun;Khil, Taeock;Choi, Yongkyu
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers
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    • v.21 no.1
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    • pp.8-16
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    • 2017
  • Structural integrity of solid rocket depends on the residual reactions between constituents of its composition(post cure, migration etc.), the oxygen(or anti-oxydent) in the free volume and humidity (desiccant) under the perfect sealed condition. Mechanical Properties of composite solid propellant arising from those factors are very complex. Moreover the propulsion are faced with thermal loads from diurnal & seasonal cycle till firing. In this study, the fast evaluation method of long term mechanical properties is suggested based on Thermo-Rheological Simplicity from curing oven to cool-down stage in view point of thermal stabilization. For this subject, endurance tester having temperature control capability are devised. From the results from incremental load and strain, non-linear characteristics are discussed.

Shear Characteristics of Elastomeric Bearing Rubber Deteriorated by Accelerated Heat Aging(1): Natural Rubber (가속열 노화로 열화된 탄성받침 고무재료의 전단 특성(1): 천연고무)

  • Sun, Chang-Ho;Kim, Ick-Hyun
    • Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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    • v.25 no.6
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    • pp.95-102
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    • 2021
  • Elastometic bearings using flexible rubber materials have recently been widely applied for seismic retrofit of bridges. However, due to various factors, the aging of the rubber material progresses, which causes the shear stiffness change of the bearing, which affects the seismic performance of the bridge. For natural rubber, accelerated heat aging test was performed with variables of heating temperatures and exposure time to analyze shear characteristics. As aging progresses (i.e. increase of temperature and exposure time), the maximum shear stress and shear strain decrease. Also, the shear stiffness is greatly increased at the same shear strain. This means that the rubber material is hardened, implying that the seismic performance of the elastomeric bearing becomes poor.

A Study on the melting Characteristics of Fuse Element by Repeating Overcurrent (반복과전류에 의한 퓨즈 엘리먼트의 용단특성에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Youn-Hyun
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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    • v.24 no.2
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    • pp.120-126
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    • 2010
  • This paper propose analysis and examination of the melting characteristic of fuse elements by repeating overcurrent as a depletion factor of high pressure current limiting fuse through test following existence and nonexistence of extinction material and various configuration of elements. To examine deterioration progress rate by repeating overcurrent we analyzed heat for various element notching configuration, designed plate type, ring type element and estimated the relationship with life span by analyzing breaking characteristic through repeating overcurrent test with adjusting load factor at Silicon Dioxide(SiO2) filled state or in air. A Crack by repeat stress, decrease of section and transformation by friction with extinction material by repeating overcurrent causes a problem which shortens life span based on fuse repeating frequency. Since the contents of this paper might be useful to research the correlation between friction of materials and repeating life span based on load factor of repeating current, the quality of product would be improved through solution of the problem.

The Fire Resistant Performance of RC Column with Confined Lateral Reinforcement According to Fire Exposure Condition (횡방향 철근으로 구속된 철근콘크리트 기둥의 화재 노출조건에 따른 내화성능)

  • Choi, Kwang Ho
    • Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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    • v.6 no.4
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    • pp.311-318
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    • 2018
  • When reinforced concrete structures are exposed to fire, their mechanical properties such as compressive strength, elasticity coefficient and rebar yield strength, are degraded. Therefore, the structure's damage assessment is essential in determining whether to dismantle or augment the structure after a fire. In this study, the confinement effect of lateral reinforcement of RC column according to the numbers of fire exposure face and stirrup was verified by fire resistant test with the heating temperatures of $400^{\circ}C$, $600^{\circ}C$ and $800^{\circ}C$. The test results showed that the peak stress decreases and peak strain increases as the temperature is getting higher, also transverse ties are helpful in improving the compressive resistance of concrete subjected to high temperature. Based on the results of this study, the residual stress of confined concrete under thermal damage is higher at the condition of more lateral reinforcement ratio and less fire exposure faces. The decreasing ratio of elastic modulus of more confined and less exposure faces from the relationship of load and displacement was also smaller than that of opposite conditions.

Effect of Pull-out Property by Shape and Mechanical Property of Reinforcing Fiber on the Flexural Behavior of Concrete (보강섬유의 형상과 물성에 따른 인발특성이 콘크리트의 휨거동에 미치는 영향)

  • Kim, Hong-Seop;Nam, Jeong-Soo;Kim, Jung-Hyun;Han, Sang-Hyu;Kim, Gyu-Yong
    • Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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    • v.18 no.5
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    • pp.41-50
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    • 2014
  • This study evaluated the bonding property of fiber and flexural behavior of fiber reinforced concrete. Amorphous steel fiber, hooked steel fiber and polyamide fiber was used for evaluation of bonding property and flexural behavior. As a result, the hooked steel fiber was pulled out from matrix when peak stress. However amorphous steel fiber occurred shear failure because bonding strength between fiber and matrix was higher than tensile strength of fiber. Polyamide fibers occurred significantly displacement to peak stress because of elongation of fiber. After that peak stress, fiber was cut off. Amorphous steel fiber reinforced concrete had a greater maximum flexural load compared with hooked steel fiber reinforced concrete because bonding performance between fiber and matrix was high and mixed population of fiber was many. However flexural stress was rapidly reduced in load-deflection curve because of shear failure of fiber. Flexural stress of hooked steel fiber reinforced concrete was slowly reduced because fiber was pulled out from the matrix. In the case of polyamide fiber reinforced concrete, flexural stress was rapidly lowered because of elongation of fiber. However flexural stress was increased again because of bonding property between polyamide fiber and matrix. The pull-out properties of the fiber and matrix has effect on the deformation capacity and flexural strength of fiber reinforced concrete.

모재/중간층/박막의 H/E ratio 구배에 따른 Cr계 경질 박막의 기계적 특성에 관한 연구

  • Kim, Hoe-Geun;Song, Myeon-Gyu;Lee, Sang-Yul
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
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    • 2018.06a
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    • pp.135-135
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    • 2018
  • 천이금속 질화물 코팅은 우수한 기계적 특성들로 인해 공구 코팅으로 많이 사용 되어왔다. 그 중에서도 특히 Cr계 경질 코팅은 높은 경도와 낮은 표면조도, 우수한 마찰특성 등 뛰어난 기계적 특성을 나타내므로 공구 코팅으로의 적용 가능성이 크다. 그러나 최근 공구산업의 발전으로 인해 공구가 더욱 가혹한 환경에서 사용됨에 따라, 공구의 수명을 향상시키고 보호하기 위해 코팅의 높은 밀착력이 요구되고 있으며, 모재와 코팅 사이에 중간층을 합성함으로써 공구의 밀착력을 향상시키는 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 이전 연구에서 모재/중간층/코팅간의 경도와 탄성계수 비율(H/E ratio)의 구배가 코팅의 밀착력에 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었다. 그러므로, WC 모재와 Cr계 코팅의 중간값의 H/E ratio를 갖는 중간층의 합성을 통해 코팅의 밀착력을 향상시킬 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. 본 연구에서는, 코팅의 밀착력을 향상시키기 위해 다양한 중간층을 증착한 CrZrN, CrAlN 코팅을 비대칭 마그네트론 스퍼터링 장비를 이용하여 합성하였다. 모재로는 디스크 형상의 WC-6wt.%Co 시편을 사용하였고 Cr, Zr, Si, Al single 타겟을 이용하여 Cr, CrN, CrZrN, CrZrSiN 등의 중간층이 증착된 코팅을 합성했다. 코팅의 합금상, 경도 및 탄성계수, 미세조직 및 조성, 표면 조도을 확인하기 위해 X-ray diffractometer (XRD), Fischer scope, field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), atomic force microscopy를 사용하였고, 코팅의 밀착 특성을 분석하기 위해 scratch tester와 optical microscopy (OM)를 이용하였다. 코팅의 내열성을 확인하기 위해 코팅을 furnace에 넣어 공기중에서 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, $1,000^{\circ}C$로 30분 동안 annealing 한 후에 nano-indentation을 사용하여 경도를 측정하였다. CrZrN 및 CrAlN 코팅을 나노 인덴테이션으로 분석한 결과, 모든 코팅의 경도(33.4-35.8 GPa)와 탄성계수(384.1-391.4 GPa)는 중간층의 종류에 상관없이 비슷한 값을 보인 것으로 확인됐다. 그러나, 코팅의 마찰계수는 중간층의 종류에 따라 다른 값을 보였다. CrZrN 코팅의 경우 CrN 합금상 중간층을 갖을 때 가장 낮은 값을 보였으며, CrAlN 코팅의 경우 CrN/CrZrSiN 중간층을 증착하였을때 마찰계수는 0.34로 CrZrN 중간층을 증착하였을 때(0.41)에 비해 낮은 값을 보였다. 또한, 코팅의 마모율 및 마모폭도 비슷한 경향을 보인 것으로 보아, CrN/CrZrSiN 중간층을 합성한 CrAlN 코팅의 내마모성이 상대적으로 우수한 것으로 판단된다. 코팅의 밀착력의 경우도 마찰계수와 비슷한 경향을 보였다. 이것은 중간층의 H/E ratio가 코팅의 내마모성에 미치는 영향에 의한 결과로 사료된다. H/E ratio는 파단시의 최대 탄성 변형율로써, 모재/중간층/코팅의 H/E ratio 구배에 따라 코팅 내의 응력의 완화 정도가 변하게 된다. WC 모재 (H/E=0.040)와 CrAlN 코팅(H/E=0.089) 사이에서 CrN, CrZrSiN 중간층의 H/E ratio는 각각 0.076, 0.083으로 모재/중간층/코팅의 H/E ratio 구배가 점차 증가함을 확인 할 수 있었고, 일정 응력이 지속적으로 가해지면서 진행되는 마모시험중에 CrN과 CrZrSiN 중간층이 WC와 CrAlN 코팅 사이에서 코팅 내부의 응력구배를 완화시키는 역할을 함으로써 CrAlN 코팅의 내마모성이 향상된 것으로 판단된다. 모든 코팅을 열처리 후 경도 분석 결과, CrN/CrZrSiN 중간층을 증착한 CrAlN 코팅은 $1,000^{\circ}C$까지 약 28GPa의 높은 경도를 유지한 것으로 확인 되었고, 이는 CrZrSiN 중간층 내에 존재하는 SiNx 비정질상의 우수한 내산화성에 의한 결과로 판단된다.

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An Experimental Study of Improving Fire Performance with Steel-fibers for Internally Anchored Square Composite Columns (내화성능 개선을 위한 강섬유 보강 내부 앵커형 각형강관 합성기둥의 실험연구)

  • Kim, Sun Hee;Yom, Kong Soo;Kim, Yong Hwan;Choi, Sung Mo
    • Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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    • v.26 no.6
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    • pp.499-509
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    • 2014
  • This study focuses on mixing steel fiber in the concrete to improve the ductility and toughness of the columns. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the load capacity and deformation capacity associated with the amount of steel fiber and loading condition and to analyze the interplay between the steel fiber reinforced concrete and the welding built-up square tube in terms of structure and fire resistance performance. Reinforcement of concrete with steel fiber(Vf=0.375%), when cross-section shape and boundary condition (load ratio) remained unchanged, improved fire resistance performance by 1.1~1.3 times. It is deemed that the area resisting thermal load increased and fire resistance performance was improved since the concrete reinforced with steel fiber restrained cracking. In addition, the fact that the cross-sections of the concrete were barely damaged indicates that load share capacity was greatly improved.