• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.57 no.2
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• pp.148-159
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• 2004

Background : This study was conducted to evaluate the survival benefit of the bronchial arterial embolization (BAE) for patients presenting with non-traumatic hemoptysis. Methods : The clinical data were retrospectively collected from the medical records and the Order Communicating Systems (OCS). The information dealing with death was collected from national death certificates. After enrolled patients were divided with two group such as BAE group (patients who were managed with BAE) and non-BAE group (patients who were managed with conservative modality), the survival benefit of BAE was estimated during the observational period of 24 months through using the Kaplan-Meier survival graph and the Cox-proportional hazard regression analysis. Results : The number of total cases was 272. Of these, BAE group involved 63 and non-BAE group involved 209. 69 cases had the malignant pulmonary lesions, 149 cases had non-malignant chronic lung lesion such as the mycobacteria infection, fungus ball, or bronchiectasis (BE), and 54 cases had the other pathologic conditions. For each sub-groups such as 'malignant lung lesion' group, 'non-malignant chronic lung lesion' group as well as about all cases, the adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) of BAE for death was not significantly different compared to the conservative management. But the adjusted HRs as to underlying causes such as 'malignant lung lesion' group and 'the other conditions' group increased significantly compared to 'non-malignant chronic lung lesion' group. Conclusion : There was no significant survival benefit by BAE procedure on survival in patients presenting with non-traumatic hemoptysis.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.77-82
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• 2007

Purposes: There have been many efforts to improve the service of emergency centers. In spite of these, no evidence is showing any landmark advancement of emergency services, especially in the hospital stage, exists. We need some efficient standard criteria to evaluate emergency service in the hospital stage, and a useful method might utilize the overcrowding index. We want to know the change in the overcrowding index at a regional emergency center after injury area administration. Injury area means an area in which only an assigned duty physician manages patients with injuries such as those from traffic accidents, falls, assualts, collisions, lacerations, amputations, bums, intoxication, asphyxia, drowning, animal bites, sexual assualts, etc. Methods: We started to operate an injury area in our emergency department from late 2004, and from January to June in 2004 and in 2005, we collected patients' data, age, sex, assigned department, and result from hospital order communication system to figure out overcrowding indices and result indices. We found the daily number of patients, the turnover rate, the admission rate, the ICU admission rate, the emergency operation rate, the ED stay duration, and the ED patient volume to be overcrowding indices. Also we found the withdrawal rate, the transfer rate, and mortality to be result indices. We compared these indices between 2004 to 2005 by using a t-test. Results: There was a significant increase in the daily number of visiting patients in 2005, overcrowding indices, such as the turnover rate, the admission rate, the ICU admission rate, and the emergency operation rate, also showed statistically significant increases in 2005 (P<0.001). As for the result indices, there was a noticeable decrease in the number of withdrawals (11.77/day in 2004 to 4.53/day in 2005). Conclusion: Operating an injury area in a mildly overcrowded local emergency center is beneficial. Evaluating the effect of operating an injury area and it's impact on hospital finances by conducting a similar study analyziing patients for a longer duration would be valuable.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.522-531
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• 1999

This research identifies the ingress to egress primary factors that causes a patient to receive delayed emergency medical care. This material was collected between February 1st to 28th, 1998. Research envolved 4,118 people who visited the college emergency medical center in Kyeongido Province, South Korea. Medical records were examined, using the retrospective method. to determine the length of stay and the main cause for waiting. Results are as follows : 1. The age group with the highest admission rate was 10 and under, approximately 1,394 (33.9%). Followed by an even distribution for ages between 11-50 at 10-15% for their respective ranges. The lowest admission rate was 50 years and above. 2. From the 4,118 records examined, 3,489 received outpatient treatment (84.7%); 601 were admitted for inpatient care (14.6%); 25 arrived dead on arrival (0.6%); and 4 people died at the hospital. 3. Between 7PM to 12AM, 42.9% were admitted to the EMC. The hours from 9PM to 11PM recorded the highest admission rate and 5AM to 8AM was the lowest From 8PM to 12AM, the most beds were occupied. 4. For most patients. the average length of stay was approximately 2.2 hours. By medical department, external medicine was the longest for 2.8 hours. Pediatrics was the shortest for 1.6 hours. The average waiting period for inpatient admission was 2.6 hours. Inpatient admission for pediatrics and external medicine was 3.4 hours and 2.2 hours respectively. 5. Theses are primary factors for delay at EMC: 1) pronged medical consultations to decide between inpatient versus outpatient treatment, and delaying to be inpatient, 2) when you call physicians they are delayed to come 3) Understaffing during peak or critical hours, 4) Excessive consulting with different medical departments, 5) some patients require longer monitoring periods, 6) medical records are delayed in transit between departments, 7) repeated laboratory tests make delay the result, 8) overcrowded emergency x-ray place causes delay taking x-ray and portable x-ray, 9) the distance between EMC and registration and cashier offices is too far. 10) hard to control patient's family members. The best way to reduce EMC waiting and staying time is by cooperation between departments, both medical and administrative. Each department must work beyond their job description or duty and help each other to provide the best medical service and satisfy the patient needs. The most important answer to shortened the EMC point from ingress to egress is to see things from a patient point of view and begin from there to find the solution.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2011

A chronic drought stress has been imposed during non-rainy season(from winter to spring) since 1990s. We faced the most significant water crisis in 2001, and the drought was characterized by sultry weather and severe drought on a national scale. It has been widely acknowledged that the drought related damage is 2-3 times serious than floods. In the list of the world's largest natural disaster compiled by NOAA, 4 of the top 5 disasters are droughts. And according to the analysis from the NDMC report, the drought has the highest annual average damage among all the disasters. There was a very serious impact on the economic such as rising consumer price during the 2001 spring drought in Korea. There has been flood prevention measures implemented at national-level but for mitigation of droughts, there are only plans aimed at emergency (short-term) restoration rather than the comprehensive preventive measures. In addition, there is a lack of a clear set of indicators to express drought situation objectively, and therefore it is important and urgent to begin a systematic study. In this study, a nonstationary downscaling model using RCM based climate change scenario was first applied to simulate precipitation, and the simulated precipitation data was used to derive Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI). The SPI under climate change was used to evaluate the spatio-temporal variability of drought through principal component analysis at three different time scales which are 2015, 2045 and 2075. It was found that spatio-temporal variability is likely to modulate with climate change.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.11
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• pp.111-121
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• 2019

Recently, through the services that use drones at fire sites to deliver on-site and road conditions into the situation room and life-saving activities or the deliveries of first aid outfits at the accident scenes that are inaccessible to humans, there are more and more cases of dealing with emergency situations. Therefore, by studying the service design using drones in the initial stage of response to fires in dense residential areas, this study was intended to reify the service design area of the response stage, including the dispatch of fire sites and the fire suppression. To do this, through literature researches, research directions were explored by examining the concept and process review of service design, and by analyzing the application cases using service design. In order examine the validity of this study, a one-on-one interview was conducted to identify the use and problems of drones among incumbent firefighters, and identified the applicability of drones to fire sites by targeting drone experts. Field research was conducted to identify the location and distance of road conditions, site conditions, and 119 safety centers, by making Yongsan-gu, the most vulnerable area to fire in Seoul, as a research sample. And, among the methodologies of service design, Persona and Customer Journey Map were prepared and Insight was derived, by using virtual scenarios for the experience values and behavior analyses of the interested parties. Through these processes, this researcher intended to present the fire-response service design and help establish the direction of service design in the initial stages of fire in Korea.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.184-192
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• 2009

Purpose: This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the treatment strategy of transcatheter arterial embolization after pelvic CT angiography (CTA) in cases of traumatic pelvic hemorrhage. Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of pelvic hemorrhage patients who underwent transcatheter arterial embolization after pelvic CTA at our regional emergency center during a 31-month period. We reviewed the medical records and imagings of all these patients. Results: Transcatheter arterial embolization was performed in 17 patients (M:F=7:10, mean age=53.9) who underwent pelvic CTA for the evaluation of traumatic pelvic hemorrhage. Arterial bleeding was demonstrated on pelvic CTA in all patients, and the combined injury was also noted in 13 patients. The admission-to-CTA time was $84.53{\pm}66.92$ minutes, and the CTA-to-embolization time was $147.65{\pm}99.97$ minutes. Extravasation of contrast media or pseudoaneurysm was demonstrated on conventional angiography in all patients. Unilateral iliac artery embolization was performed in 8 patients, and bilateral iliac artery embolization was performed in 9 patients. Additional embolizations other than in the iliac arteries were performed in 7 patients. Initial hemostasis was achieved in 16 patients. One patient died of ongoing pelvic bleeding. Rebleeding occurred in only one patient and hemostasis was achieved with the second embolization. Another patient died of intracranial and facial bleeding in spite of pelvic hemostasis. The overall mortality was 11.8%, and there was no significant adverse effects in the other patients. Conclusion: Transcatheter arterial embolization after pelvic CTA is an effective treatment strategy in the management of traumatic pelvic hemorrhage patients.

• The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.110-124
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• 2007

Currently, we have seen sudden increase of demand for emergency medical services by reason for high-speed economic development increase of traffics, etc. in this society. Consequently the government enforced & operated emergency medical system in 1991 as a link of more positive countermeasure against it, but many problem; still remain in reality. In particular, the regional emergency medical center designated by the Ministry of Health and Welfare falls short of our expectations for its essential role by the reason of such as insufficiency in professional manpower and institutions concerned in small-scale hospital, matters with transportation system, preference of large hospital, etc. Therefore, this study was conducted grasp for the actual conditions of emergency medical system based upon literature research & the preceding studies and interview research the motive of coming hospital, satisfaction & understand to the subject of 150 persons of patients and their guardians who used regional emergency center of Pusan National University Hospital, thereby examining & analysing the cause of emergency room overcrowding by non-emergency cases, one of the problem; enumerated from preceding studies. The main result of this study is as follows. First the actual condition of non-emergency patients coming hospital for examining overcrowding of emergency medical center showed that, of the patients who used the emergency medical center, non-emergency patients accounted for 49.3%, which acted as the main cause of delaying medical care for emergency cases, cases of which medical person or first-aid man decided to come hospital accounted for 36.1 %, thereby suggesting essential need for re-education & wide public information to even the professional manpower besides patients & guardians for their using emergency medical system. Second, as the result of researching patient acknowledgement with reference to their using emergency medical center, the rate of their giving right answer is no more than 60%, which means that non-emergency cases' using as such is due to the shortage of their knowledge of the said emergency medical center, which suggests us that wider P.R for emergency medical system to common people who may be one of the patients of it at any time is still in need. Third, the result of researching for finding out a future remedy of emergency medical system showed that the users who know well of the way of using emergency medical center had relatively high satisfaction of it, ones who have lesser knowledge of it lower satisfaction and users who feel in need of emergency specialized manpower feel the necessity of public information of emergency medical information center(1339) at the same time. The finding of examining the subject of study, in conclusion, showed that the degree of the patients & their guardians' understanding of emergency medical system is lower and the medical persons concerned also had no distinct difference in their understanding of it from the common people's, which suggests us for extensive enforcement of systematic education and public information in aspect of the government via various media for the purpose of effective operation of emergency medical center.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.106-113
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to verify the influence of a massive hydrofluoric acid spill on community health through patients who claimed to have been exposed. Methods: We analyzed 2459 patients who visited our emergency department with the claim of exposure to hydrofluoric acid, and retrospective analyses were performed. We analyzed changes in numbers of visitors per day from the day of the accidental hydrofluoric acid spill, symptoms presented by the 1924 patients, and general characteristics. Comparisons of symptoms and hematologic characteristics were made between the initially set evacuation zone(1.3 km radius parameters from the spill) and the outer zone. Results: A total of 2,459 patients who claimed exposure visited our ED from 27 September 2012 to 23 October 2012, and there was a significant increase in the number of visiting patients from day 8 of the hydrofluoric acid spill. The most common complaints were a sore throat, 729(37.9%) and no specific symptom with health concern, 547 (28.4%). Statistically significant findings were pulmonary symptoms (p=0.001), nasal symptoms (p=0.001), diarrhea (p=0.023), and skin symptoms (p=0.007). In hematologic study, a statistically significant difference was observed in white blood cell count (p=0.018), creatine phosphokinase (p<0.001), erythrocyte sediment rate (p=0.013), and phosphorus (p<0.001). Conclusion: A significant increase in the number of patients was observed one week after the accidental spill of hydrofluoric acid. The most frequent symptoms were sore throat, headache, cough, and sputum. Statistically significant increase in creatine phosphokinase level and decrease in phosphorus level were noted in patients within the evacuation zone.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.51 no.11
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• pp.205-210
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• 2014

This is concerned with the technology to display the design on Porcelain and adjust malfunction for moving effect and light intensity by curator. More precisely, the technology makes it possible that the porcelain is connected to Light module which is the device for controlling light emission and rotating rolling plate, etc that are connected to LED light module, optical fiber and controller that is for scenario from the given storytelling. In addition, with a WiFi portable device (Smart-phone, other mobile device). equipped with a scenario programs, information for operation, failure and malfunction can be obtained and analyzed in real-time, and menu color and alarm is alerted when the displaying design is in abnormal status, which makes the early reactions to the status. Furthermore, the collected data can be sent through WiFi network to the device and PC managed by the curator specialized in managing the design on the Porcelain, thus the technology could help the curator who have less knowledge about moving pattern on the Porcelain. There is always a possibility of malfunction due to various condition that are caused by wring-harness when modules are wired-connected. In this research, in order to overcome this problem, we propose a system configuration that can do monitoring and diagnosis with a device for collecting data from LED control module, Light emission sensor and a personal WiFi device. Also, we performed connection between optical Fiber and LED and interlock for the system defined by the definition for information and storytelling scenario.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.11
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• pp.7329-7334
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• 2015

This is to analyze of driver behavioral and the accident characteristics in rollover. The study period was January 2011 to May 2014 and the subject of study was 102 person who were drivers visited the emergency room. Research tool includes a damage information of the vehicle, accident mechanism, damage to the patient clinical information with the injury data from the ROAD Traffic Authority. For data analysis, SPSS 18.0 was used for t-test, ANOVA and Chi-square test. Injury Severity Score average score according to the vehicle type is 6.00 points in the smaller vehicle, at high vehicle 11.78 points, from the other vehicle that showed 14.70 points. Significant differences between the three groups did not show (P=.267). Men did not use a seat belt significantly compared to women(P=.007). Vehicle type and weather, this was no correlation with whether or not use the seat belt(P=.755, P=.793). But showed a tendency to smaller size vehicles drivers do not use a seat belt, the weather could see a little more inclined to use a seat belt rather than a sunny day. Finally, in rollover accidents as in other types of accident it was confirmed that the seat belt has a great influence on the damage.