• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.160-165
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• 2005

We have developed SH (shear horizontal) surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensors for detection of the immobilization and hybridization of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) on the gold coated delay line of transverse SAW devices. The experiments of DNA immobilization and hybridization were performed with 15-mer oligonucleotides (probe and complementary target DNA). The sensor consists of twin SAW delay line oscillators operating at 100 MHz fabricated on $36^{\circ}$ rotated Y-cut $LiTaO_3$ piezoelectric single crystals. The relative change in the frequency of the two oscillators was monitored to detect the hybridization between target DNA and immobilized probe DNA in pH 7.4 PBS (phosphate buffered saline) solution. The measurement results showed a good response of the sensor to the mass loading effects of the DNA immobilization and hybridization with the sensitivity up to $1.55{\cal}ng/{\cal}ml/Hz$.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.24 no.8
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• pp.431-440
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• 2005

The precise measurement of ultrasonic power is important to the qualify assurance and the safety of medical ultrasonic equipments In the Present work, a brier theory was introduced to determine the ultrasonic Power from the time valving balance-indication due to the radiation force acting on an absorbing target and/or other causes such as buoyancy during the repetition of on/off behavior of ultrasonic irradiation. The developed automated system measuring the ultrasonic power was described in detail with the precise mechanical alignment tool , the electric signal generation network, the control and measurement network and the appropriate procedure. The ultrasonic power measured by the developed system was compared to the reference data calibrated by the other national metrology institute at 1 MHz, 5 MHz, 10 MHz, and 15 MHz over the range 10 mW to 10 W. Their relative differences are within $5\%$.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.196-209
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• 2010

For the analysis of Acoustic Target Strength(TS) that indicates the scattered acoustic intensity from the underwater vehicles, an analysis program that is applicable to scatterers insonified by spherical wave source in near field is developed. In this program, the Physical Optics(PO) method is embedded as a base component. To increase the accuracy of the program, multiple bounce effects based on Geometrical Optics(GO) method are applied. To implement multiple bounce effects, GO method is used together with PO method. In detail, GO method has a concern in the evaluation of the effective area, and PO method is involved in the calculation of Acoustic Target Strength for the final effective area that is evaluated by GO method. For the embodiment of near field spherical wave source originated multiple bounce effects, image source concept is implemented additively to the existing multiple bounce algorithm which assumes plane wave insonification. Various types of models are tested to evaluate the reliability of the developed program and finally, a submarine is analyzed as an arbitrary scatterer.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.21-33
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• 2020

This study develops a simulator for determining the sonar sensor configuration of unmanned underwater vehicles (UUVs) based on a scenario, in order for UUVs to conduct an effective anti-submarine warfare (ASW). First, we analyze the missions and operational concepts of UUVs in the field of ASW, and then select a Hold-at-Risk scenario as the one with the highest priority. Next, for modeling the components of a simulator, the motion, acoustic characteristic, and environment condition of the platforms (UUV and target submarine) are specified. Especially, based on the beam pattern of each sonar configuration considered in this paper, the passive sonar equation is used to verify target detection, and we further estimate the azimuth and elevation of the target using amplitude and phase of the received signal, respectively. The simulation results show the performance tendency depending on the sonar sensor configurations of a UUV, and the simulator provides a high applicability under various scenarios.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.661-669
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• 2019

High frequency active sonar is appropriate for detecting small targets such as a diver in coast environment. In case of using high frequency active sonar in shallow coastal environment, a false alarm rate is high due to clutters caused by marine biological noise, ship noise, wake, etc. In this paper, we propose an algorithm for target detection which is robust against clutter in active sonar system in shallow coastal environment. The proposed algorithm increases the rate of reduction clutter using calculation of statistical characteristics of signal and a clustering method. The algorithm is evaluated and analysed with sea trial data, as a result, that shows the rate of reducing rate of clutter of 96 % and over.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.21-29
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• 2001

In order to detect the precise port/starboard direction of arrival of target signal in real noisy ocean environments, Inverse beamforming (IBF) algorithm is surveyed theoretically and the detection performances of IBF are analyzed with simulations. Cardioid Inverse beamforming algorithm was proposed for port/starboard discrimination and the performance was studied with simulations. It is shown that IBF has a 3dB array gain advantage over Conventional beamforming (CBF) under ideal conditions. This 3 dB advantage is proven theoretically and illustrated with simulations. The fact that the IBF beamwidth is narrower than the CBF beamwidth by a factor of 0.68 proves the performance of defection and spatial resolution improvement. Comparing the simulation results of Cardioid Inverse beamforming and Conventional Cardioid beamforming, it is shown that Cardioid Inverse beamformer has enhanced performance in minimum detection level, detection accuracy and resolution. Due to the results of moving target bearing detection test in endfire, it is shown that Cardioid Inverse beamformer has better performance, comparing the Conventional Cardioid beamformer.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.32-41
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• 2023

Recently, studies on reverberation suppression using Non-negative Matrix Factorization (NMF) have been actively conducted. The NMF method uses a cost function based on the Kullback-Leibler divergence for optimization. And some constraints are added such as temporal continuity, pulse length, and energy ratio between reverberation and target. The tendency of constraints are controlled by hyperparameters. Therefore, in order to effectively suppress reverberation, hyperparameters need to be optimized. However, related studies are insufficient so far. In this paper, the reverberation suppression performance according to the three hyperparameters of the NMF was analyzed by using sea experimental data. As a result of analysis, when the value of hyperparameters for time continuity and pulse length were high, the energy ratio between the reverberation and the target showed better performance at less than 0.4, but it was confirmed that there was variability depending on the ocean environment. It is expected that the analysis results in this paper will be utilized as a useful guideline for planning precise experiments for optimizing hyperparameters of NMF in the future.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.19-28
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• 2024

This paper proposes a method to improve the performance of ship identification through lofargram analysis of ship noise by applying the Hough Transform to a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model. When processing the signals received by a passive sonar, the time-frequency domain representation known as lofargram is generated. The machinery noise radiated by ships appears as tonal signals on the lofargram, and the class of the ship can be specified by analyzing it. However, analyzing lofargram is a specialized and time-consuming task performed by well-trained analysts. Additionally, the analysis for target identification is very challenging because the lofargram also displays various background noises due to the characteristics of the underwater environment. To address this issue, the Hough Transform is applied to the lofargram to add lines, thereby emphasizing the tonal signals. As a result of identification using CNN models on both the original lofargrams and the lofargrams with Hough transform, it is shown that the application of the Hough transform improves lofargram identification performance, as indicated by increased accuracy and macro F1 scores for three different CNN models.

• Proceedings of the KAIS Fall Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.236-239
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• 2008

무선 센서 네트워크에서 센서 노드는 그 목적에 따라 다양한 신호처리 기능을 가져야 한다. 센서 노드의 에너지 제약과 통신 대역폭 제한은 센서 노드에서의 가벼운 신호처리 기법을 필요로 한다. 일반적인 센서 노드에서의 신호처리 기법은 센서 노드에 수신된 신호를 잡음제거 등의 전처리를 수행하고, 에너지를 계산하여 표적의 위치를 탐지하고 기지국에서의 위치추정 및 식별을 위하여 특징 추출하거나 압축하여 전송하는 등의 방법으로 구성된다. 이러한 센서 노드에서 필수적인 신호처리 기법들은 에너지 효율적인 신호처리 기법은 무선 센서 네트워크의 생존 시간과 표적 탐지 및 식별이라는 목적에 대한 성능에 큰 영향을 끼치게 된다. 본 논문에서는 무선 센서 네트워크에서 센서 노드의 필수적인 신호처리를 Lifting scheme wavelet 방법을 이용하여 센서 노드에서 에너지 효율적인 신호처리 기법을 제안한다.

• Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.1-6
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• 2003

It is difficult to detect and to track the moving targets like tanks and diesel vehicles due to the variety of terrain and moving of targets. It is possible to be happened the aliasing conditions as the difficulty of antenna deployment in the complex environment like the battle fields. In this paper, we study the problem of detecting and tracking of moving targets which are emitting wideband signals under severe spatial aliasing conditions because of the sparse arrays. We developed a direction of arrival(DOA) estimation algorithm based on subband MUSIC(Multiple Signal Classification) method which produces high-resolution estimation. In this algorithm, the true bearings are invariant regardless of changes of frequency bands while the aliased false bearings vary. As a result, the proposed algorithm overcomes the aliasing effects and improves the localization performance in sparse passive arrays.