• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.166-170
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• 2005

This paper describes the experimental study for the position estimation method of underwater sound source using the Nearfield Acoustic Holography. The result confirms that it can be used in the identification of underwater noise sources. The sound sources in the experimental work consists of 2 spherical projectors and the near-Held sound pressure is measured in the hologram plane. From the cross-power spectra of the measured data, the complex sound pressures on the hologram plane is derived and its spatial transformation gives sound fields in a source region. The obtained sound fields in a source region showed that the position of each sound source and their relative source strength are exactly estimated. In conclusion, this technique can be applied for estimation of each source position and its relative strength contribution for the underwater multiple sound sources.

• Proceedings of the Acoustical Society of Korea Conference
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• 1996.06a
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• pp.45-50
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• 1996

천해에서 얻은 잔향음신호를 역추정 알고리즘으로 분석하여 자료수집 당시의 환경 변수인 해상풍의 세기와 해저면의 상태를 추정하는 방법에 대하여 기술하였다. 소오나 시스템과 잔향음신호 수집 당시의 환경 자료를 알고 있다면 음원에서 방사된 음파가 해수면에 처음 도달하는 시간과 수평입사각을 multipath eigenray model에 의해서 계산할 수 있고 이 정보를 이용하여 수신된 잔향음 신호를 분석하여 해수면에 의한 산란잔향음 준위와 시간을 계산할 수 있다. 해수면 후방산란강도는 수평입사각, 음원의 주파수, 해상풍의 세기 등에 의해 특징지어지며 계산된 잔향음 준위로부터 소오나 방정식을 이용하여 후방산란강도를 알아낼 수 있다. 이 후방산란강도를 입력자료로 하여 Method of Small Perturbation이론과 Chapman과 Harris가 유도한 실험식을 사용하여 입력된 값과 일치할 때까지 후방산란강도를 계산하여 이때의 환경변수를 찾아내었다. 한편 해저면 잔향음신호는 표준화된 후방산란강도값들의 PDF를 만들어 그 분포양상을 분석하였다. 본 논문에서 사용된 알고리즘의 검증을 위해서는 보다 다양한 환경하에서 실시된 많은 음향괸측자료를 필요로 한다.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.20 no.8
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• pp.67-73
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• 2001

The shallow-water environment presents additional challenges arising from the complex interaction patterns of the sound with the sea bed. In order to overcome the difficulties generated by shallow-water propagation, broad-band matched field processing has been employed in an effort to increase robustness by utilizing multiple frequency information. In this paper, a coherent broad-band matched field processor is introduced that incorporates the spatial coherence of the acoustic field not only over one frequency but across frequencies. The incoherent and coherent processors are applied to the experimental data where it is shown that both processors give a high probability of correct localization. Also it is found that a coherent processor has better performance in the sidelobe pattern of ambiguity surfaces.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.218-227
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• 2017

In this paper, an algorithm to calculate both bearing and distance error for target detection and localization is proposed using the Cramer Rao lower bound to estimate the minium variance of their error in DOA (Direction Of Arrival) estimation. The performance of arrays in detection and localization depends on the accuracy of DOA, which is affected by a variation of SNR (Signal to Noise Ratio). The SNR is determined by sonar parameters such as a SL (Source Level), TL (Transmission Loss), NL (Noise Level), array shape and beam steering angle. For verification of the suggested method, a Monte Carlo simulation was performed to probabilistically calculate the bearing and distance error according to the SNR which varies with the relative position of the target in space and noise level.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.378-386
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• 2019

Unlike ship noise that radiates from moving ships, wind noise is caused by breaking waves as a result of the interaction between the wind and the sea surface. In this paper, WNL (Wind Noise Level) was modeled by considering the noise source of the wind as the bubble cloud generated by the breaking waves. In the modeling, SL( Source Level) of the wind noise was calculated using the wind-speed data measured from the weather buoy operated in the coastal area of the East Sea. At the same time as observing the wind speed, NL (Noise Level) was continuously measured using a self-recording hydrophone deployed near the weather buoy. The modeled WNL according to the wind speed and the measured NL removing the shipping noise from the acoustic raw data were compared in the low-frequency band. The overall trends between the modeled WNL and the measured NL were similar to each other. Therefore, it was confirmed that it is possible to model the WNL in the shallow water considering the SL and distribution depth of bubble cloud caused by the wind.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.311-318
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• 2021

Underwater, signals are transmitted by sound waves. Sound waves are transmitted through a multipath, either directly or through reflection, due to the variety of underwater environmental characteristics. In such diverse and complex underwater environments, tests must be conducted to determine the extent of the hazard from the survivability and pitfalls of submarines by measuring the underwater radiated noise. Usually, the sound source level measurement of underwater radiated noise should be made within the closest point (CPA: Closest Point of Approach) ± a few meters between the measurement sensor and the submarine. In this study, FDOA and TDOA methods were proposed to estimate the underwater source range. A simulation based on the underwater channel model confirmed the performance of the proposed method.

• Proceedings of the Acoustical Society of Korea Conference
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• 1992.06a
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• pp.112-120
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• 1992

수심 100m 이하 천해에서 저주파 대역 음파의 전달손실 양상을 규명하기 위해 한국 동해 남부해역 3개 정점에서 특정 주파수 모의신호 발생을 통한 전달손실을 측정하였다. 10개의 특정 주파수에 대해서 연속파(Continuous Wave)를 방생시킬 수 있는 저주파 음원기를 5 kts의 속도로 예인하고, 다시 육상으로 무선전송하여 각 센서에서의 수진준위를 정확하게 보정하였다. 음원으로부터 DIFAR 센서까지의 전달손실은 거리에 대한 Log 함수로 표시할 수 있었으며, 주파수별 전달손실을 비교, 분석한 결과 동해 남부해역에서의 최적 주파수는 800Hz 내외에서 존재하는 것으로 추정된다.

• Proceedings of the Acoustical Society of Korea Conference
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• spring
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• pp.207-210
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• 2004

수직선배열과 이동음원을 이용하여 수심이 140m인 동해 연안에서 정합장처리 실험을 실시하고 신호를 분석하였다. Battlett, MVDR, WMGC 정합장처리기를 이용하여 음원위치추정을 수행하였다. 실험 해역의 수온구조는 내부파등의 단주기 변동의 영향을 크게 받는 것으로 알려져 왔으며, 정합장처리 결과에서도 단주기변동의 영향을 받아 부엽준위가 증가하였다.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.15 no.6 s.99
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• pp.738-748
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• 2005

The ship radiated noise level fluctuates by the difference of interference and reverberation according to measurement methods and environmental conditions. These phenomena cause error of the source level estimation even in the same environment conditions. This paper describes a quantitative analysis and a reduction method for an error value to the source level estimation in spatial and temporal interference environment. The design criteria of the radiated noise measurement array composed of omni-directional hydrophones and the source level accuracy in the deep water range are given. The source level accuracy in the shallow water range is also derived based on the statistical model of the multiple reflection paths. The results are verified using the water tank experiment and the sea trial.

• Proceedings of the Acoustical Society of Korea Conference
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• 1998.06d
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• pp.18-24
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• 1998

최근의 연구를 통해 해양의 내부파가 음파전달에 영향을 주어 비정상적인 손실을 일으키는 것을 밝혀졌다. 한국 동해세서도 강한 수온약층을 중심으로 내부파가 존재할 것으로 여겨져 왔으며, 이를 규명하고자 '98년 6월 각종 장비를 동원한 해양 관측을 동해항 근해에서 실시하였다. 또한 내부파에 의한 음파의 전파 특성을 추정학자 음원과 수신기를 고정한 상태에서 음향 실험을 실시하였다. 실험 결과 전형적인 내부파는 주기가 약 5-12분이고 최대 진폭은 15m 정도임이 밝혀졌다. 특히 10여개의 내부파 묶음이 약 36cm/sec 의 속도로 이동하고 있음도 확인하였다. 15개의 음향센서로 이뤄진 수직선배열 수신기와 음원을 이용한 음향 실험결과 역시 4-12분 주기에서 부분적으로 스펙트럼이 높게 나타났으며, 특히 주파수 1kHz 인 경우에는 4, 6분 주기에서 15개의 센서에 대해 일관되게 높은 스펙트럼 준위가 나타났다. 내부파에 의한 이러한 음파의 특성은 음파의 모든간 결함으로 나타나는 일종의 간섭 현상으로 설명될 수 있다.